Löwenbruch

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The village of Löwenbruch is a district of Ludwigsfelde , a medium -sized town in the Brandenburg district of Teltow-Fläming . The village, which was independent until 1997, is about three kilometers east of the city center of Ludwigsfelde and about 30 kilometers south of Berlin . The place has 289 inhabitants on a district area of 10.98 km².

In the late Middle Ages and modern times until the 20th century, the history of the village was shaped by the ancient aristocratic families of Brandenburg . During this time, Löwenbruch was more important than today's capital, Ludwigsfelde. The most striking building in the village is the listed manor house of the von dem Knesebeck family from around 1800. The landscape of the agriculturally oriented town is characterized by a lowland with meadows, canals, lakes and swamp forests .

Geography and natural space

Transport links and neighboring communities

Pharus plan from 1903, still without a motorway - Damsdorf has worked out in Ludwigsfelde

Löwenbruch is located directly south of the Bundesautobahn 10 , the Berliner Ring. The old route of the federal highway 101 , which connects Löwenbruch with the Genshagen motorway junction, which is around one kilometer away, runs through the village . Since its four-lane partial expansion to the so-called Yellow Motorway, the new route of the B101n bypasses the Löwenbruch village center at a distance of around two kilometers to the west.

The following places surround Löwenbruch: in the west the core town Ludwigsfelde, in the northwest / north the Ludwigsfeld district of Genshagen , in the northeast and east the Blankenfelde-Mahlower districts Blankenfelde and Jühnsdorf , in the southeast the Ludwigsfeld district Groß Schulzendorf and in the south / southwest the Ludwigsfeld districts Wietstock and Candle village .

Natural space

Sign for the Notte-Niederung nature reserve
lake
Quarry forest

In terms of culture, the village belongs to the Teltow . The natural spatial allocation to the Teltow is uncertain, since the southern boundary of the geological plateau Teltow is blurred. In the Löwenbruch area, the Teltow is cut up by lowlands that run between the Nuthe and Notte lowlands from north to south. The state of Brandenburg assigns parcels one to four of the Löwenbruch district to the extensive landscape protection area Notte-Niederung . The protective purpose includes "the maintenance, development or restoration of the efficiency of the natural balance, in particular [...] of the regionally overlapping biotope network, especially the lowlands of the Potsdam forest and lake area, the Nuthe-Nieplitztal, the Diedersdorfer Heide landscape protection area and Großbeerener Graben , the Baruther glacial valley and the Dahmetal ”.

Characteristic of the lowlands near Löwenbruch are wide, mostly open meadows, interspersed with wet meadows , quarries , smaller swamp forests and lakes as well as agricultural areas and, especially in the eastern area, with an extensive system of ditches. The main canal is the Nuthegraben , which also drains the southernmost parts of Berlin and the neighboring Brandenburg region via the Waßmannsdorf sewage treatment plant , whose water it receives through the Mahlower Seegraben, as well as the swampy areas around Großbeeren to the Nuthe . Paved paths and a border of poplars , from which the songs of golden hammer ( Emberiza citrinella ), goldfinches ( Carduelis carduelis ) and blackcap ( Sylvia atricapilla ) can be heard, accompany the moat over long distances. The golden oriole ( Oriolus oriolus ), bird of the year 1990 and strictly protected in Germany in accordance with Section 10 (2) No. 5 and No. 11 BnatSchG , can also be found in the lowlands.

etymology

Coat of arms on the fire station

The name Löwenbruch originally has no relation to the animal lion, even if the coat of arms on the fire station shows a lion and stone lions stand in front of various houses. The name is a field name and means something like deep break . The word breakage stands for the break area as damp, swampy terrain . Löwen is a form derived from the Middle Low German Lawen , Lowen , Lewen or Leuen . According to Gerhard Schlimpert, the defining word belongs either to lo ( loh, loch ) with the meaning of wood, bush, forest meadow, forest floodplain or to lo ( lowe, louwe, louwenstück ) with the meaning of a piece of land where forest used to stand .

The oldest written mention of Löwenbruch comes from the year 1346 as Lawenbruch . 1450 we find the name Lowenbruke , 1462 Lawenbruck , 1480 Lowenbruck and 1583 Lewenbruch . In 1775 and 1828 the village is then noted as a Löwenbruch, and in 1775 also as a Leuenbruch .

history

Until the 19th century, Löwenbruch was much more important than Ludwigsfelde or the long- fallen Ludwigsfeld predecessor settlement of Damsdorf. About Ludwigsfelde, which was newly founded in 1750/1753, it is called 1800: Colony near Löwenbruch, which makes up one place with Damsdorf.

Early settlement

The moist, fertile lowlands near Löwenbruch attracted settlers very early on. The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg lists a number of sites in Löwenbruch, including a settlement from prehistory and early history , a resting place and work place from the Stone Age , a large stone grave from the Neolithic , settlement sites from the Bronze Age as well as burial grounds and settlements from the Iron Age . There is also evidence of a settlement at the time of the Roman Empire . There are archaeological monuments from the Slavic Middle Ages for settlements on parcels no. 1 and 5. German medieval settlements emerged with the expansion of the country in the course of the eastern colonization in 12/13. Century on pieces No. 1 and 4.

Landlords until 1749

Alliance coat of arms of the von dem Knesebeck and the von Bredow family at the manor house

In modern times , Löwenbruch was owned or owned by various aristocratic families in Brandenburg that changed several times .

Documents from the years 1413, 1462 and 1472 name the Lords of Torgow auf Zossen as the owners of the village, which also owned Genshagen, Kerzendorf, Kleinbeeren , Rangsdorf and today's Berlin district of Steglitz . Johann von Torgow was in 1413 by Burgrave Friedrich VI. from Nuremberg (later Friedrich I. von Brandenburg) enfeoffed with levies from the customs to Berlin and the mentioned villages. For the year 1535 the Beelitz Chronicle gives Heinrich von Thümen zu Löwenbruch as the owner. The von Thümen family was based a few kilometers southwest of Löwenbruch in the Thümenschen Winkel with their headquarters in Stangenhagen . A source from 1545 also speaks of the Thymen at Löwenbruch .

According to Theodor Fontane , the von Otterstedt and von Boytin families also owned the village and the estate. Hiltrud and Carsten Preuß, however, assume in their explanations in The manor houses and manors in the Teltow-Fläming district that, in addition to the von Thümen and von Otterstedt families, the von Spiel family was initially enfeoffed with Löwenbruch. In the 16th century the Thümensche share came to the Boytin family.

In 1562 Huprecht von Otterstedt married Barbara von der Liepe on Löwenbruch. The marriage allowance was set at 200 thalers. In the 17th century, the von Otterstedts were also owners of the neighboring town of Jühnsdorf, in whose church a grave plaque commemorates the family. Those by Boytins are cited in another source, also for the 17th century, than those by Boytin zu Löwenbruch . One of the family's ancestors, Balthasar Boytin , was mayor of Berlin in 1449/1450 and had played an important role in Berlin's displeasure .

In the Thirty Years' War , the family died out with Caspar von Boytin. His share went to the von Schlieben family and from there to the von der Gröben family in 1663 , while the von Spiel family's share went to the von Wilmersdorf family and finally to Ernst Ludwig von der Gröben in the 17th century. The Otterstedt share went to Achaz von Alvensleben in January 1691 , who campaigned for the building of a church. His descendants consecrated the church that is still standing today in 1716.

Landlords 1749 to 1945

In 1749 at the latest, the von Alvensleben family sold the estate to the von der Gröben family. The Gröbens were among the oldest Teltow aristocratic families and founded the colonist village of Gröben , which is located at the northern tip of the Thümener Winkel and which is also today , around 1170, around 15 years after Albrecht the Bear had founded the Mark Brandenburg after their immigration from the Altmark belongs as a district to Ludwigsfelde. In 1750/1753, in the course of inland colonization under Friedrich II, the Damsdorf colony was re-established and the Ludwigsfelde colony was founded, which was later merged into Ludwigsfelde. Ludwigsfelde was named after Ernst Ludwig von der Gröben (1703–1773), the then squire of Löwenbruch and president of the Kurmark Chamber of Commerce. After his death, the younger of the two sons, Erasmus, took over the place. He is considered the builder of the manor house , which was built between 1796 and 1800. However, Erasmus did not live to see its completion - he died in 1799, whereupon the estate passed to his older brother Karl Wilhelm von der Gröben, a major retired. D. After his suicide on November 29, 1805, the male line of this family went out and through Elisabeth von der Gröben, married to Wilhelm Leopold von dem Knesebeck (1735–1803) from Karwe am Ruppiner See , the place came to the Knesebeck family of old Marks and left In 1823 in his will to Wilhelm von dem Knesebeck. He leased the property and lived in the neighboring Jühnsdorf , which also belonged to the family.

The property remained with this family until it was expropriated in the Soviet occupation zone in 1945. In 2012, Herneid acquired the Löwenbruch manor back from the Knesebeck and renovated it.

The memorial stone on the village square in front of the church for the fallen of the First World War lists three family members with their places of death: Siegfrid von dem Knesebeck, († June 13, 1915 in a hospital in Breslau ), Bernd von dem Knesebeck, († September 8, 1915 in the North Sea ) and Wolfgang von dem Knesebeck, († April 3, 1916 in Medweiler, Ob.Els.).

Theater of war 1813

On August 22, 1813, the day before the Battle of Großbeeren , fighting between the Prussian Landwehr and Napoleon's troops took place in the district of Löwenbruch . After several hours of fighting, in which the Napoleonic Berlin army captured Trebbin , the Prussians withdrew to Löwendorf, and later to the camp at Thyrower Damm. The Wietstocker Schanzen near Löwendorf , where Prussian soldiers from the von Thümen division were stationed for observation, were left to the attackers without a fight in the course of the conflict.

Lion Break Today

Population development and politics

Until its dissolution in 1952, Löwenbruch belonged to the Teltow district as an independent municipality . Then the village came to the district of Zossen and in December 1993 to the newly formed district of Teltow-Fläming . Löwenbruch has been a part of the city of Ludwigsfelde since December 31, 1997. The population almost halved between 1900 and 2007. In 1900, the Löwenbruch place and the Löwenbruch manor district were kept separate in censuses. In 1900 the place had 234 and the manor district 246, a total of 480 inhabitants. In the years of National Socialism , the population of the place fell to 366 in 1933 and further to 344 in 1939. As of September 30, 2007, the city of Ludwigsfelde reported 250 inhabitants for Löwenbruch.

In the  2003 local elections , 115 out of 214 Löwenbruchern eligible to vote (= 54%) took part, their votes distributed as follows (rounded): CDU  27%, SPD  10%, PDS  13%, FDP  4.9%, Alliance 90 / The Greens and DVU  each 2%, farmers' association Teltow-Fläming  42%. The interests of the village are represented by a local advisory board and the local mayor Helmut Jokisch (as of 2008).

Village life, community, economy

Avenue to the vineyard
Agricultural cooperative

The village lions break on the old national road 101 forms a typical Angersdorf with a church on Anger and former country houses which are grouped around the oval course. Later settlement houses are lined up along the thoroughfare, so that the place takes on the character of a street village on both sides of the center . Another, later settlement area is in the direction of Ludwigsfelde am Weinberg. Löwenbruch has no school, the children are brought to the 4th Ludwigsfeld primary school by school bus . A voluntary fire brigade , founded in 1935, is located here and has a fire station and a wooden hose tower . The community center opposite the church is the seat of the parish Löwenbruch large Schulzendorf-Wietstock gene Hagen in the church district Zossen the diocese Görlitz , Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Oberlausitz .

As on many of the hills of the Teltow and the Notte lowlands, vines were also cultivated on the Löwenbruch vineyard . The vineyards of the region ended in the 18th century, when several consecutive very cold winter, the vines could freeze and imports of wine from southern latitudes made the cultures unprofitable. Traditionally, the village's economic focus is agriculture , which at the beginning of the 21st century is dominated by the Agrargenossenschaft eG Löwenbruch / Kerzendorf , which has extensive stables and a dairy cattle facility.

West of the cooperative stables, which lie at the vineyard, follows the extensive, about 80  hectares comprehensive industrial park Prussia Park , which was begun on November 1, 1992nd According to current plans (2007) by the city of Ludwigsfelde, the Prussian Park is to be extended to the Löwenbruch district far to the northeast to the border of the landscape protection area. The local mayor, Helmut Jokisch, spoke out against these plans several times, even if the investors hold out the prospect of compensatory measures such as the renaturation of the Löwenbruch oxidation ponds. With the Gasthof & Pension "Zum Löwen", which can look back on 125 years of tradition, and the country hotel, which has two meeting rooms for conferences and seminars, Löwenbruch has contributed to the tourist boom in the southern Berlin area. Extensive hiking trails through the lowlands offer recreational opportunities, especially for holidaymakers looking for peace and quiet.

buildings

Up until the beginning of the 21st century there was a listed residential building in the former Dorfstraße 34, which was dated to a construction period around 1701/1702 using dendrochronological analyzes (pine wood) in the core structure. Despite its protection status, the pure half-timbered building , which stood on a foundation made of field stones , could not be preserved because of its irreparable condition. The Brandenburg State Office for the Preservation of Monuments and the State Archaeological Museum have saved the data of the Märkisches Mittelflurhaus , which has been converted several times, with photo documents, sketches and descriptions. The church has been the oldest building in town since the middle-corridor house was demolished.

Village church

The village church of Sankt Anna zu Löwenbruch had the landlord Achatz von Alvensleben built in 1716 to replace a previous building. It stands on the former farmland and is surrounded by a cemetery. The listed church is a plastered brick building with a gable roof . The tower was taken over from the previous church and consists of half-timbered houses in the entrance portal , which is now plastered. A wooden tower on which originally had a very steep and high pointed tower is attached to two monopitch roofs . The pointed tower was replaced by a flattened tent roof in 1805 .

Church from 1716

The interior is largely from the construction period. These include the stalls, the three-sided gallery and the manorial box for the landlords. This patronage box is equipped with sliding windows and can be reached directly from the outside via a staircase and a separate patronage entrance. The comparatively rich decorated for the region pulpit altar from 1719 shows the left and right conversation Close the family coat of arms of the Groeben and Thymens. The focus is on the representation of the Lord's Supper in evangelical tradition. The pulpit represents the four evangelists and Martin Luther . The wooden baptism from 1670 shows the year and the initials of Balzer Ernst von der Gröben and Dorothea Sybille von Thümen. The lid can be pulled up with the help of a rope through an opening in the church ceiling, which is designed as a purgatory . The namesake of the church is shown in a group of wooden figures as Anna herself third . Right in front of the altar is the grave of Ludwigsfelde's namesake, Ernst Ludwig von der Gröben.

manor

Erasmus von der Gröben had the Löwenbruch manor, which is also listed, built between 1796 and 1800. As early as 1805 it was transferred to von dem Knesebeck, who owned it until 1945. The house stood empty at the beginning of the 21st century and was owned by the city of Ludwigsfelde at that time. In 2011, the successors of von dem Knesebeck bought the house back, and the building has been restored to its original state since then. The manor house is set back from the former Dorfstrasse / Bundesstrasse 101 behind a meadow with a mill wheel base in the middle. The portal area of ​​the house is three-story, to which a two-story area adjoins on both sides. Another two-story wing follows on the right. Its front faces the street. On both sides of the middle window of the third floor in the portal area, an ornamental family coat of arms is attached to the light gray plastered outer wall.

Theodor Fontane had conversations in the house during his research in the Mark and then dedicated the Lion Break chapter to the village in the walks through the Mark Brandenburg . The writer recorded his impressions as follows (excerpt):

Mansion

“The village of Löwenbruch lies a mile behind Großbeeren, stretching its high-lying fertile fields along a piece of quarry land . [...]
We are sitting in the mansion at Löwenbruch .
The door of the garden room is open and fragrance and freshness penetrate. The sun is just parting and only a red stripe still lies over the black green of the noble fir. Everything is sabbath-silent and a flock of pigeons pulls noiselessly through the air. Strawberry bowls decorate the table and laugh at us, the conversation flows cheerfully and comfortably. But the things that surround us, leads his language. Everything that has been and grew here for centuries is not dead, it is alive […]. On the table in front of us is a serpentine jug with the von Otterstedts coat of arms on its silver lid; [...]. The last red stripe over the fir trees is gone and the soft singing of the kettle in the next room announces the tea hour. Nobody speaks anymore, but it is as if the voices of those who are no longer whispered. "

- Theodor Fontane : Walks through the Mark Brandenburg, Spreeland

Personalities born in Löwenbruch

literature

Web links

Commons : Löwenbruch  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ § 3 Paragraph 1g of the ordinance on the "Notte-Niederung" landscape protection area of January 8, 1999, https://www.landesrecht.brandenburg.de/web/sbb;jsessionid=664E01364B390124D440F77E296D0331.node1 (link not available)
  2. ↑ Carsten Rasmus, Bettina Rasmus: Berliner Umland Süd ..., p. 82.
  3. ↑ a b Gerhard Schlimpert: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch ... , p. 125f
  4. ↑ a b c d history ( Memento from February 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Homepage Ludwigsfelde
  5. ↑ List of monuments of the State of Brandenburg, soil monuments in the Teltow-Fläming district, status December 31, 2008 ( Memento of May 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) p. 4.
  6. ↑ Beelitzer Chronik, p. 22 (PDF; 498 kB)
  7. ↑ Zossen.de ( Memento of 12 October 2007 at the Internet Archive ) a
  8. ^ Theodor Fontane : Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . Volume 4 ( Spreeland ) "Links der Spree" - Löwenbruch, first two sections.
  9. ↑ a b Hiltrud and Carsten Preuß: The manor houses and manors in the Teltow-Fläming district , Lukas Verlag für Kunst- und Geistesgeschichte, 1st edition, November 29, 2011, ISBN 978-3-86732-100-6 , pp. 125ff .
  10. ↑ George Adalbert von Mülverstedt (Ed.): Collection of marriage foundations and personal commemorative letters of the knightly families of the provinces of Saxony, Brandenburg, Pomerania and Prussia . 360 p., Magdeburg, E. Baensch 1863 Online at Google Books , p. 178.
  11. ^ Theo Engeser and Konstanze Stehr, Dorfkirche Glasow ( Memento from November 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ^ Edition Luisenstadt, Balthasar Boytin
  13. ^ Traces of the von dem Knesebeck family, trace 6 ( Memento from August 30, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ↑ One of the family's ancestors, Thomas von dem Knesebeck (1559–1625) from Tylsen , was Privy Councilor under Elector Johann Sigismund and later Governor of the Altmark . His image was taken in the Berlin Siegesallee in group of figures 23 next to the electoral statue as one of the two side busts.
  15. ↑ Märkische Allgemeine from February 26, 2016
  16. ↑ Fallen memorials
  17. ↑ Reinhard Nelke: Großbeeren . preussenweb.de, section: The battles on August 22, 1813 near Wendisch-Wilmersdorf, Wietstock and Jühnsdorf .
  18. ↑ Changes in the municipalities, see 1997 StBA
  19. ^ Teltow municipality directory
  20. ^ Administrative history of Teltow
  21. ↑ Brandenburg, Results of municipal elections 2003 ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  22. ↑ District Löwenbruch Homepage Ludwigsfelde
  23. ↑ Carsten Rasmus, Bettina Rasmus: Berliner Umland Süd ..., p. 54.
  24. ↑ http://www.ludwigsfelde.info/neuheiten/index.php?frontend_action=ShowNews&frontend_return=list&aboartikel_id=31222&frontend=startseite_redax&artikel_typ=0 (link not available)
  25. ↑ 1701/02: Oldest residential building in Löwenbruch Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum
  26. ↑ The village church of St. Anna at Löwenbruch . (PDF) Kirchenkreis Zossen, leaflet without date
  27. ↑ Löwenbruch Manor.
  28. ^ Theodor Fontane : Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . Volume 4 ( Spreeland ) "Links der Spree" - Löwenbruch.
  29. ↑ Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) , Vol. 21, 2003, pages 468–469; German Biographical Encyclopedia (DBE) , 2nd edition, Vol. 8, KG Saur, Munich, 2007, page 346

Coordinates: 52 ° 18 '  N , 13 ° 19'  E

This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on March 8, 2008 .