Genshagen

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Genshagen
City of Ludwigsfelde
Coordinates: 52 ° 18 ′ 53 ″  N , 13 ° 18 ′ 58 ″  E
Height : 36 m
Incorporation : December 31, 1997
Postal code : 14974
Area code : 03378

Genshagen is a former manor village and since December 31, 1997 part of the city of Ludwigsfelde in the Brandenburg district of Teltow-Fläming . The Angerdorf is located around 9 kilometers south of Berlin and 17 kilometers east of Potsdam at an altitude of 36 meters.

history

13th to 17th centuries

Church, probably from the 14th century

In 1289 a Wedigo dominus Janshagen was mentioned in a document. At that time the village belonged to the von Torgau family in the Zossen rule . They mortgaged as after leaning in 1378 a gentleman Segart over his farm to Genshagen and a Mr. Rich over the village. The spelling Jamshagen is from the year 1346 , from the year 1378 zcu Janshagin . In 1413 Janshain appeared in the map series. An Otto Scheve is known from 1450 who had four free hooves . Genshagen was a total of 31 hooves at that time; there was a jug and eight kettles . The remarkable village church with a wooden roof tower was probably built in its basic structure in the 14th century as a simple rectangular church. Conversions took place in 1707 and 1862, various renovations and extensions in the 20th century. After the Torgau nobility had died out, the Brandenburg Elector Johann Cicero acquired the rule in 1490. Before 1499 the village was divided between the von Otterstedt and von Zicker families (also known as Zucker or Guntzke). The three-quarters larger part with higher and lower jurisdiction, a sheep farm and logging went to the von Otterstedt. They were able to expand their property further by buying out two farmers. The remaining quarter with the upper and lower courts and a residential courtyard with four hooves, duties and services of a two- hoofed man , two yards and a jug remained in the possession of the von Zicker family until 1677. Before 1655, the noble von Hake family acquired the Otterstedt share of two knightly seats with 16 hooves, gardens, higher and lower jurisdiction as well as the shepherd's justice and shepherd's apartment in front of the village. In the meantime, the property continued to include a vineyard with a wine master's house and press, a windmill, four desolate farms, 12 Kötterhöfe (three of which were desolate) and half of the deserted Feldmark Damsdorf (1865). In 1583 there were eight Hufner, 12 Kötter as well as one bought Hufner in the place. Before the Thirty Years' War in 1625 there were six hoofers, 11 kötter, a shepherd, a blacksmith, four pairs of householders, the shepherd servants and the tenant shepherd in the village. They managed 21 hooves, one of which was a yard with two hooves, which was freely approved by von Otterstedt, so no taxes had to be paid. Only a few inhabitants survived the war in Genshagen: in 1652 the population had shrunk to eight Kötter with six sons and two farmhands. Zicker's share went to Friedrich August von Thümen in 1677 . He received a courtyard and knight seats, a quarter of the higher and lower jurisdiction, taxes and services and also a vineyard (1705). In 1685 there were two knight seats of von Hake with 16 hooves, a tree and cabbage garden, a sheep farm, a vineyard and a wine master's house and press. A windmill was privately owned from 1609 to around 1685. The manor also included four desolate farms, 12 Kötterhöfe (of which three were desolate) as well as a desolate knight's seat belonging to the von Thümen and garden, three and a half knight's hooves, the shepherd's justice and a desolate Kossatenhof.

18th century

In 1700 a manor house was built after Lewin Friedrich von Hake's marriage to Maria Dorothea, née Schaefferin. In 1711 there were 10 gables (= houses) in the village, a blacksmith, a shepherd, a shepherd, as well as the large and small servants. They had to pay eight groschen levies for 19 hooves. In 1725 Friedrich August von Thümen sold his share to Marquis de Varenne, whose widow, née Rochow , inherited the estate in 1749 to her daughter Wilhelmine Louise, née Countess von Posadowski (y). From there it came to a Mrs. Ziedler until 1754/1755, from 1754 to 1755 to Wilhelm von Hake , who combined it with the share already in her possession in 1780 (1781?). This became the sole landowner , but was apparently already in bankruptcy. However, a cabinet order issued by Friedrich II allowed them to keep the property, the value of which was estimated at 56,300 thalers in 1791. In 1771 there were 10 gables in Genshagen, a blacksmith, a shepherd, a shepherd and six small servants. They paid eight groschen for 19 hooves. In 1773 there was a noble windmill.

19th century

Distillery from 1888

Wilhelm von Hake kept the estate over the wars of liberation . His son, Ludwig von Hake, sold it in 1838 for 130,000 Reichstaler to the royal Prussian Privy Councilor Karl Ferdinand Schulz (1787–1877). He entrusted Anton Gebauer with the administration for many decades. With 1534 hectares , it was one of the largest estates in what was then the Teltow district. In 1840 there were a total of 36 houses in the village and the manor. In September 1854, Karl Ferdinand Schulz left the manor house , which is now a debt-free estate, to his daughter Friederike Pauline von Eberstein as a wedding present on the occasion of her wedding to Max Baron von Ebenstein, a second lieutenant in the Kaiser Franz Grenadier Regiment . On their behalf, the 21st century listed, 7.5 hectare park with a pond landscape and modeled hills was created. From the year 1858 the following are recorded: nine landowners and farm owners as well as a tenant with 24 servants and maids as well as 63 day laborers. There was a part-time farmer, 13 workers, three servants and 11 properties. The manor was the largest with 7,127 acres of land, followed by nine other estates that were 30 to 300 acres in size (556 acres in total). Another property was 10 acres. A master wheelwright, a blacksmith and a journeyman lived in the village. There was a jug as well as eight railway officials and four local arms. In 1860 the village was 590 acres. Of this, 233 acres were used for arable land, 191 acres for pasture, 142 acres for meadow and 24 acres for homesteads. There were two public buildings as well as 19 commercial and nine residential buildings. The manor, however, was 7166 acres in size. Forest was cultivated on 3349 acres, a further 1910 acres of fields were cultivated, 1115 acres of pasture, 753 acres of meadow and 39 acres were allotted to homesteads. These were 18 residential and 14 farm buildings. From 1878 to 1880 the castle was rebuilt on the foundations of the manor house in an eclectic style. In addition, a cowshed was built on the farmyard. After the von Ebersteins had moved into the new building, the property manager Gebauer used the manor house as a living and management house. A distillery was established in 1888.

20th and 21st centuries

In 1900 the manor was 1921 hectares with 16 houses and the village 189 hectares with 11 houses. Around 1900 the castle was rebuilt in the neo-baroque style and increased by one floor and the outdoor facilities changed. It is known from reports from the German Dendrological Society that the park must have made an extraordinarily colorful impression in the 1920s. In 1929 the manor districts were also abolished in Genshagen and most of the property was added to the municipality of the same name. About 323 hectares from the part of Damsdorf belonging to the manor district together with around 439 hectares from the Löwenbruch manor district formed a new municipality of Damsdorf . During the National Socialist era , the von Eberstein family moved into the old manor house from autumn 1933 until the mid-1930s for financial reasons. In 1931 there were 36 houses in the village. In 1932 there were the Forsthaus and Vorwerk residential areas in the community. The last owner of Castle and Gut Genshagen, Leberecht von Eberstein (1869–1955), in 1935 a fifth of the estate, around 383 hectares, was expropriated . The Genshagen aircraft engine plant was built there for a subsidiary of Daimler-Benz AG, Daimler-Benz Motoren GmbH , and started production in February 1937. The family acquired Gut Mariawerth from the compensation amount (in the 21st century in the municipality of Wilhelmsburg in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ), but was expropriated there again in 1945. Since von Eberstein still refused to join the NSDAP afterwards , the party officials threatened him with further expropriations, stating that the state would very much like a beautiful guest house only 20 kilometers away from Potsdamer Platz, the center of the Third Reich. Thereupon von Eberstein joined the party the next year. On August 6, 1944, the aircraft engine plant was largely destroyed in an Allied air raid, killing 104 people. From autumn 1944 to May 1945, 1,100 female concentration camp prisoners were forced to work in the subcamp Daimler-Benz Genshagen , a subcamp of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp .

On April 21, 1945, the von Eberstein family was expelled from the house by an SS unit that occupied the castle "because of fighting"; they fled to relatives in Schleswig-Holstein . The Soviet military administration later confiscated Genshagen Palace and Estate. After the expropriation by the GDR, the palace initially served as accommodation for refugees and displaced persons, from 1948 as an administrative school for the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the GDR , and from 1973 to 1991 it was the Scientific and Technical Center (WTZ) for agriculture in the Potsdam district . The 355 hectares were distributed to new farmers and resettlers with the help of Edwin Hoernle . 14 farms were created, which together managed just six hectares. Another six farms came together on 52 hectares and another 26 farms on a total of 295 hectares. New farms emerged from the rubble of the aircraft engine factory, and the agricultural land was cultivated by the newly founded state-owned Gut Genshagen. The farm yard became the technology base of the former estate. In 1952 a type III LPG was established, which in 1955 had a total of 16 members and managed 106 hectares of agricultural land. A year later it was merged with LPG Ludwigsfelde. In 1960 there was a Type I LPG, which in 1961 had a total of 21 members and farmed 120 hectares. The old manor house was rebuilt in 1968 by the VEG and integrated into the farm buildings. In 1973 a forest ranger was founded.

After the fall of the Wall , the castle became the property of the country. The distillery closed in 1993, renovation work began on the castle in 1995 and on the park in 2003.

Population development

Population development in Genshagen from 1734 to 1971
year 1734 1772 1801 1817 1840 1858 1895 1925 1939 1946 1964 1971
Residents 151 181 279 320 with Damsdorf 262 with Damsdorf 65 in the village and 211 in the estate 342 459 556 463 530 550

Sights and culture

Genshagen Castle
  • The Genshagen castle belongs since 2005 the Genshagen Foundation , which is in the hands of the federal government and the state of Brandenburg. The palace has been used as a conference and education center since then, especially by the State of Brandenburg and the Genshagen Foundation - Berlin-Brandenburg Institute for Franco-German Cooperation in Europe , which has been based here since 1993. The foundation would like to offer a place for intercultural encounters and stimulate dialogue between civil society and politicians. For example, it organizes discussion evenings, study trips and conferences on political or cultural topics. According to its statutes, the purpose of the foundation is to promote international understanding and dialogue in politics, business, science and culture in order to deepen Franco-German cooperation in Europe, especially with its eastern neighbors.
  • In the cemetery of Genshagen, next to the family grave of the von Eberstein family, there is also the tomb of the former district administrator of the Teltow district Ernst von Stubenrauch (1853–1909), on whose initiative the Teltow Canal , which runs south of Berlin, was built. Stubenrauch married Frieda von Eberstein, a cousin of Leberecht von Eberstein. Apart from the graves in the small village cemetery, nothing in Genshagen or the castle reminds of the family.
  • The Genshagen village church is a sacred building that was probably built in the 14th century. In 1707 the monument was renewed. Inside there is a simple pulpit altar from 1782. On the facade there are several epitaphs , mainly from the 18th century.
  • Parts of the landscape protection area Diedersdorfer Heide and Großbeerener Graben belong to the Genshagen district.

economy

The aircraft engine plant built on the former estate became part of the VEB Industriewerke Ludwigsfelde after the Second World War , where motor scooters and later the IFA W 50 truck were built. From 1965 it is known under the name VEB Automobilwerke Ludwigsfelde . After the political change in 1989, the Daimler-Benz automobile group took over the production facilities. Today, mainly small vans are manufactured there, the company is one of the largest employers in Brandenburg .

traffic

Anhalter Bahn and Berlin outer ring cross near Genshagen . The Genshagener Heide station was closed on December 9, 2012 and replaced by the Ludwigsfelde-Struveshof stop .

literature

  • Georg Piltz, Peter Garbe: Palaces and gardens in the Mark Brandenburg . Seemann, Leipzig 1987, ISBN 3-363-00063-4 , pp. 188-189 and 197.
  • Hiltrud and Carsten Preuß: The manor houses and manors in the Teltow-Fläming district , Lukas Verlag für Kunst- und Geistesgeschichte, 1st edition, November 29, 2011, ISBN 978-3-86732-100-6 , p. 244
  • Lieselott Enders : Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg: Teltow (= Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg . Volume 4). Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1976.

Web links

Commons : Genshagen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Changes in the municipalities, see 1997. StBA
  2. ^ Sheila Jasanoff: Designs on nature: science and democracy in Europe and the United States . P. 1