Kerzendorf (Ludwigsfelde)

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Candle village
City of Ludwigsfelde
Coordinates: 52 ° 16 ′ 17 ″  N , 13 ° 16 ′ 52 ″  E
Height : 46 m
Area : 9 km²
Residents : 193  (Dec. 31, 2013)
Population density : 21 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1997
Postal code : 14974
Area code : 03378

Kerzendorf is a district of the city of Ludwigsfelde ( Teltow-Fläming district in Brandenburg ). Until it was incorporated into the city of Ludwigsfelde in 1997, the place was an independent municipality.

Geographical location

The dead-end village in the Mark, which was spared from the building boom in the post-reunification period , with its approx. 190 inhabitants (as of 2011) and an area of ​​9 km² is located on the old federal highway 101 (today K7241) about 3 km southeast of the city center of Ludwigsfelde. The place still shows a variety of evidence of its eventful history.

Kerzendorf on the Urmes table sheet from 1840
Church, 2004

history

Kerzendorf is documented for the first time in 1378. The first mention of 1346, which can still be found frequently and especially in older literature, is based on the incorrectly dated Meißner diocese register, which is now dated to the end of the 16th century. The origin of the name is not certain. Schlimpert essentially indicates three ways in which today's name could have come about. It is least likely that he is derived from a German personal name Kersten (from Christian), as there is only one early document with the spelling Kerstendorff. A changeover from -st- in Kersten to -ts- is possible and also proven in other cases. Most of the early documents are in Kertzendorff, Kerczendorf or the Kerzendorff form, which is very close to today's spelling. Schlimpert further verifies a possible origin of mnd. kerse (kertze) = garden or watercress, or kertze = candle, poured wax light "; possibly even from kerse = cherry. The determinant Ker (t) z- can also be derived from a Slavic personal name. Slavic-German mixed names from Places are often found in the vicinity of Kerzendorf. In Czech there is the personal name Krča to č. Skrčeny = stooped, contracted. The personal name kertze brun is documented in a Spandau document in 1346. In the Czech Republic there are the place names Krč, Krčín and Krčkovice in Polish Karczyn, in Serbo-Croatian Krčevo and Krčín. in the surrounding area comes in Schenkendorfstraße (between king Wusterhausen and Mittenwalde 1799, the field name) the Kartzen, Kärtzen before, in Kallinchen and Motzen (east of Zossen are) the field names quartz crystals and Quertze occupied .

The document from 1378 deals with taxes from a jug in Kerzendorf, the first evidence for the jug, which has been documented almost continuously over the centuries. In 1450 the village had 44 hooves of which the pastor owned two exempt from taxes. There were also three cottagers and a shepherd living in the village. In 1624 there were 14 farmers, two farmers, a blacksmith and a shepherd who lived in Kerzendorf. The former Lehnschulzengut had fallen under the rule and the Hufe had been exempted from taxes. The Thirty Years' War does not seem to have hit Kerzendorf so badly; In 1652 only six farms and two cottages were occupied again. But already in 1655 all 14 farms and the three Kossäthöfe were again working. 1711 the manor of "from Thümen" is first mentioned in the 1745 Vorwerk is called. Around 1840 there were 34 houses in Kerzendorf. By 1900 the number had risen to 41 houses. In 1931 54 houses were finally counted. After the Second World War , 345 hectares were expropriated and divided between 85 farms. Land was also allocated to 39 old farmers. In 1958 the first LPG type I was formed with 14 members and 113 hectares of usable area. In 1960 a type III LPG was formed, which was merged with the Type I LPG that same year. In 1961 the LPG Type III cultivated 391 hectares with 64 members.

Population development from 1583 to 2006 (until 1971 from the historical local dictionary, from 1981 from the historical municipality directory)

year Residents
1583 approx. 70 to 90
(14 farmers, 3 farmers)
1734 127
1772 139
1801 148
1817 112
1840 183
1858 233
1895 318
1925 384
1939 313
1946 403
1964 230
1971 214
1981 229
1991 203
2001 167
2006 203

Political history

The first verifiable owners of the village were the Reiche brothers, who had the village as a fief from the Brandenburg margrave. In 1413 Johann von Torgow, Herr zu Zossen, was given by Burgrave Friedrich VI. of Nuremberg (later Friedrich I of Brandenburg) enfeoffed with the village of Kerzendorf. They still held Kerzendorf in 1472. Kerzendorf came in this way as a so-called "Brandenburg fiefdom" to the rule of Zossen , which was then counted as part of Lower Lusatia . Already before 1479 the rulership of the village (court, patronage and taxes) was divided. However, certain rights such as the castle services and the land succession remained with the Zossen office, which emerged from the Zossen rule in 1495. One half of the village appears in 1523 in the possession of Otto von v. Schlieben , who this year gave his half to Kerzendorf to Hans von v. Schlabrendorf zu Beuthen Castle and at that time Captain von Salzwedel, sold. His cousins ​​Otten and Fritzen von Schlabrendorf at Castle Beuthen were also enfeoffed. In 1752 the von Schlabrendorf could also acquire the other half of Kerzendorf. As early as 1479 this share was owned by the Guntz family, also known as "Zicker, otherwise Guntzke". Later, the von Zicker family or Zucker wrote itself; it was based in Genshagen . In 1677 the von Thümen family acquired this share and sold it to the v. Schlabrendorf. The property of those of Schlabrendorf in Kerzendorf included the upper and lower court, the patronage over the church, services of the farmers, tithes , interest and z. Sometimes also the smokers and the break from the dam (over the Nuthegrabenniederung to Wietstock ) to the Eppenweg (unknown location). In 1756 the village and manor were owned by le Duchat von Dorville. In 1798 the community had to pay homage to Wilhelm Heinrich von Dorville. In 1802 the Baron v. Medem Kerzendorf and the manor. In 1817 Mrs. von Quistorf is the owner and from 1820 to 1850 the Count von Königsmarck . After that, middle-class families acquired the property: Ascher in 1856, Meyen in 1860/4 and Schwabach in 1872.

The place is located in the landscape of the Teltow and thus in the old Teltow district which emerged in the course of the 16th century. During the district reform and the dissolution of the old (large) districts and states in the GDR in 1952 , Kerzendorf came to the newly formed district of Zossen in the Potsdam district . After the fall of the Berlin Wall , the Zossen district was initially renamed the Zossen district in 1990. In 1993 it was merged with the Jüterbog and Luckenwalde districts to form the new Teltow-Fläming district. In the course of the formation of offices in Brandenburg for the more effective administration of the many small communities, Kerzendorf merged with eight other communities to form the Ludwigsfelde-Land office . 1997 left the office of Ludwigsfelde-Land and became part of the city of Ludwigsfelde.

Church history

Kerzendorf was originally a church village , as the two parish hooves in the lap register from 1450 show. After the Meissen diocese matrikel it belonged to Sedes Zossen and the Diocese of Meissen . The place had a stone church , which probably came from the 13th or 14th century. It was closed in 1894 and replaced by a new building. In 1612 Kerzendorf was already a daughter church of Wietstock. The Kruger in Kerzendorf tilled the two parish hooves in return for fees to the pastor resident in Wietstock. Today Kerzendorf belongs to the Evangelical Church District Zossen-Fläming.

Monuments and (former) sights

Parish hall with the fire station behind the village oak, 2004

Architectural monuments

The architectural center of the place, which is still characterized by agriculture (today mainly horse breeding, e.g. Irish Tinker ) and a village structure, is the church and the parish hall with the fire station built in 2002 for the Kerzendorf volunteer fire brigade founded in 1934 .

Middle floor house in Kerzendorf

In the list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg, three objects are classified as monuments:

  • the village church
  • a middle-floor house (Dorfstrasse 8)
  • Memorial complex for the fallen in 1813, with a memorial column and grave of honor on the Schanzenberg (northeast of the village center, south of the L79).

Village church

The first church in Kerzendorf was a field stone building with a boarded tower about 20 m high. At the end of the 19th century, Paul Schwabach had the current church built in neo-Romanesque style based on a design by Karl Hoffacker . It was solemnly consecrated on November 10, 1897. It is a plastered brick building with a basalt base . The framing of the portals and the windows combined in groups as well as the columns and capitals of the arcade supports, on the other hand, are made of Rhenish tuff ( Ettringer tuff or Weiberner tuff ). The inside of the church is spanned by a wooden barrel vault. The base area of ​​the barrel is decorated in color. The original triumphal arch between the choir and nave was walled up after 1945, and the choir was transformed into a sacristy. The furnishings of the old church have disappeared except for a sandstone epitaph for the Prussian Minister of State and Justice, President of the Supreme Court and President of the French Supreme Court in Berlin Johann Ludovicus le Duchat de Dorville († 1770).

Kerzendorfer Gut (castle)

The manorial building, popularly known as a castle , was a Brandenburg manor house . It was built in the 18th century, the exact construction time is not known. Most likely it was built by the le Duchat de Dorville family from 1756 onwards, as the previous owners had their respective residences in other communities in the vicinity. The estate also included other buildings such as the so-called cavalier's house , the estate manager's house, the stables with a 25 m high water tower , the gardener's house and later forester's house, greenhouses and other outbuildings, farmhouses and stables.

Already before 1879 the banker Julius Leopold Schwabach acquired the Kerzendorf estate , which at that time comprised 382 hectares (259.25 hectares of fields, 80.57 hectares of meadows, 42.25 hectares of forest) with the manor house and had it expanded as a luxurious summer residence. At that time there was also a distillery on the estate. Later his son, the historian and banker Paul von Schwabach (1867–1938) ennobled in 1907, took over the Kerzendorf manor. He had it from the administrator manage of Pirch. The size of the manor was now given as 391 ha, 262 ha of arable land, 82 ha of meadows, 45 ha of forest and 2 ha of land . Schwabach's heirs were his daughter Lally and her husband, the diplomat and art collector Alfred Horstmann (1879–1947). The mansion was almost completely destroyed by fire bombs in September 1943. The important collection of historical porcelain that Horstmann had amassed was looted after the war and the ruins were finally torn down. Horstmann died in a Soviet internment camp in Oranienburg in 1947 , his wife in Brazil in 1954. Other parts of the old estate are still preserved, e.g. B. the estate manager's house, parts of the stables, the gardener's house and stables and the castle gate. The gate was rebuilt in summer 2009 as part of restoration work.

Castle Park

Sculpture in the garden, 2004

Some statues still scattered around the village and the almost dried up and overgrown castle pond give an idea of ​​the faded splendor of the romantic castle park. The refuge was designed by "von Schwabach" based on the French garden architect Jacqes Francois Blondel. Later, the palace and park became a harmonious total work of art, which was barely noticeable into the naturally grown forest. There were many stone benches and sculptures in the park. On the small island in the castle pond, which was supplied with water via a ditch used by gondolas, a large Buddha watched over the rhododendron and all the flowers. There was also a pheasantry on the edge of the park .

Natural monuments

An eye-catcher on the village green next to the village fountain is the large village oak, which has been declared a natural monument. The list of monuments in the state of Brandenburg includes two objects.

  • a deciduous tree avenue 0.4 km north of the church, on the former way to Ludwigsfelde, because of its landscape formative beauty and a
  • Village oak, on the village square south of the church, because of its age, size, form and the beauty of the town

Soil monuments

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg lists the following ground monuments:

  • the center of the village from the Middle Ages and modern times
  • a Neolithic settlement (corridor 2, west of the village center)

Film location

As early as 1942/43, the Kerzendorf Castle Park was used as a backdrop for the film Romance in Moll . In 2006 Kerzendorf's potential was rediscovered and the former park area was the location for the series Alone Among Farmers . The dreamy, romantic avenues and alleys of the small village also presented themselves as a successful setting for the filming of the SOKO Wismar series in 2007.

Battle at the Wietstocker Schanzen

On August 22, 1813, Kerzendorf was also the scene of a battle in the context of the Wars of Liberation . A memorial on the Schanzenberg in the forest near the village still reminds of this today.

Honorary grave on the Schanzenberg

On the eve of the Battle of Großbeeren, the Napoleonic Armée de Berlin advanced north. At that time the Nuthe and Nuthegraben were still wide swamp areas that were only passable in a few places. The Thyrower Damm and the dam between Thyrow and Märkisch Wilmersdorf was defended by Major General August von Thümen . The other crossing was the Wietstocker Damm over the Nuthegraben. Wietstock was initially defended by the battalion under Major Wedell against the Napoleonic troops advancing from Märkisch Wilmersdorf and Nunsdorf . This had to retreat over the dam to the west to the other bank, taking the wooden bridge over the Nuthegraben with it. They took up positions on the Schanzenberg; the so-called Wietstocker Schanzen are largely located on the Kerzendorf district. There was heavy fighting around the dam, with the Prussian troops causing heavy losses to the attackers on the almost uncovered dam. Wietstock was set on fire by Prussian cannons. After several hours, the attackers managed to cross the Nuthegraben between Wietstock and Kerzendorf on temporary crossings and to occupy Kerzendorf. This threatened the flanks of the Prussian troops, which were slowly withdrawing. The attackers were able to cross the Nuthe (near Thyrow) and the Nuthegraben (near Wietstock) with great losses. The Napoleonic troops were also able to take the dam south of Jühnsdorf over the marshland of the large meadow west of the Rangsdorf lake on that day and take up positions in Jühnsdorf. The Prussian troops withdrew to Blankenfelde and Großbeeren . They lost over 350 men that day. The losses of the Napoleonic troops are not known. On the following day, August 23, 1813, the Prussian troops achieved the decisive victory in the Battle of Großbeeren, which stopped the advance of the Armée de Berlin and forced the Napoleonic troops to retreat.

Personalities

supporting documents

literature

  • Gerhard Birk : Kerzendorf. Historical mosaic of a Brandenburg manor village . Appeared in the series Blown Traces . Märkischer Verlag, Wilhelmshorst 1998, ISBN 3-931329-11-9 .
  • Gerhard Birk: Jewish fates in Brandenburg. The tragic end of the German patriot of Jewish origin Dr. Paul von Schwabach. In: Heimatjahrbuch Teltow-Fläming. 1999, pp. 5-11.
  • Lally Horstmann: No reason for tears. Notes from the downfall: Berlin 1943–1946. Translated from the English and edited by Ursula Voss. Siedler Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-88680-509-3 . (English edition 1953)
  • Christa Jankowiak, Johannes Jankowiak: 5th Brandenburger Allerlei . Verlag Magenow, 2003.
  • Jewish Community of Berlin (ed.): The Jewish Cemetery Schönhauser Allee, Berlin edited by Fiona Laudamus and Jörg Kuhn with forewords from the board of the Jewish community, Klaus von Krosigk and Wolfgang Gottschalk . Berlin 2011, p. 30, No. 11.

Source editions

  • Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part, XI. Volume, continuation of the Mittelmark documents. Town and monastery Spandau, town Potsdam, town Teltow, town Mittenwalde, Zossen and that of Torgow, mixed documents, namely belonging to the small towns of Teltow and Barnim. 528 S., Berlin, Reimer 1856 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated CDB, A 11 with corresponding document number and page number)
  • Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 3 Vol. 2, 516 S., Berlin, G. Reimer, 1860 Online at Google Books

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Main statute of the city of Ludwigsfelde from April 12, 2013 (PDF)
  2. ↑ a b Lieselott Enders , Margot Beck: Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg. Part 4: Teltow. Potsdam 1976, DNB 770698638 , pp. 118-120.
  3. ↑ 1346 as the year of the first mention is based on the wrong dating of the Meißner diocese registers. According to recent research, this document is dated to the year 1495; see. Winfried Schich: First mentions and local anniversaries. Reflections on the history of the Brandenburg settlement - lecture at the “Day of Brandenburg Local and State History” on November 6, 2005 in Potsdam.
  4. ^ Gerhard Schlimpert: Brandenburg name book part 3 The place names of the Teltow. 368 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972, p. 103/4.
  5. ↑ Historical municipality directory of the state of Brandenburg for 1875 to 2005. 19.14 District Teltow-Fläming (PDF)
  6. ↑ Statistical Yearbook 2001. Teltow-Fläming district (PDF; 396 kB)
  7. ↑ CDB, A 11, Urk. Nr.V (= 5), p. 255 Online at Google Books .
  8. ↑ CDB, A 11, document number X (= 10), p. 262 Online at Google Books .
  9. ↑ CDB, A 11, document number XI (= 11), p. 262 Online at Google Books .
  10. ↑ CDB, C 2, Certificate No., p. 456 Online at Google Books
  11. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Kerzendorf: Homage to Wilheim Heinrich Ludwig v. Dorville, 1798
  12. ↑ Formation of the Ludwigsfelde-Land office. Announcement of the Minister of the Interior of May 30, 1992. Official Gazette for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 3, Number 44, of July 3, 1992, p. 835.
  13. ↑ Incorporation of the Kerzendorf community into the city of Ludwigsfelde. Announcement of the Ministry of the Interior of December 18, 1997. Official Gazette for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 9, Number 2, January 22, 1998, p. 21.
  14. ↑ Evangelical Church District Zossen-Fläming. ( Memento from April 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ↑ a b c List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Teltow-Fläming (status: December 31, 2011) (PDF; 382 kB) ( Memento from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ↑ a b Ellerholz, Paul: Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. 1.1. The Kingdom of Prussia. Brandenburg Province. 1879
  17. ↑ a b Erich Seyfert: Goods address book for the province of Brandenburg. 2nd completely revised and greatly increased edition, I-XLV (1-45) + 433 p., Reichenbach'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig 1914 (p. 144/45)
  18. ^ Preussenweb.de by Reinhard Nelke.

Web links

Commons : Kerzendorf  - collection of images, videos and audio files