Beuthen Castle

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The castle Bytom was in 12/13. Century built castle on the Nuthe near Kleinbeuthen , a current part of the municipality of Trebbin , Brandenburg . All that remains of the building is a completely overgrown small hill, a castle stables .

Castle hill of the former castle or castle by Beuthen. Seen across the mill flow.

Beuthen Castle is also the name of a small aristocratic rule in the 14th and 15th centuries that stretched east along the Nuthe from Thyrower Damm (south of Thyrow and north of Trebbin) to Hakendamm near Potsdam (just before the Nuthe flows into the Havel ) extended. It was located in the historic Teltow landscape and originally probably comprised seven villages. The rulership initially expanded to the north and northeast on the Teltow , dissolved at the end of the 16th century for economic reasons and was divided.

Beuthen Castle with the (saw) mill, Kleinbeuthen, sheep farm

Beuthen Castle and Castle

Geographical location

The castle, also known as a castle from the 15th century, was located at the western end of Kleinbeuthen , east of the Kleiner Mühlenfließ on the edge of the Nuthen lowland. Possibly this mill flow was an oxbow lake of the Nuthe, which meandered through the valley in numerous meanders in the Middle Ages. Today the Nuthe in its lower reaches (already from Woltersdorf ) up to the confluence with the Havel is developed like a canal and diked.

The Thyrower Damm, crossing the Nuthetal south of Thyrow

The area of ​​Castle Beuthen

The hus zcu Buthen and the associated water mill were first mentioned in documents in 1367. In 1375 it was referred to as castrum butene . The castle or the later palace was the center of a small lordship in the southern part of the Teltow, which stretched east along the Nuthe from Thyrower Damm to Hakendamm (today Friedrich-Engels-Straße) in Potsdam, at the mouth of the Nuthe, and the villages of Großbeuthen, Kleinbeuthen, Jütchendorf , Gröben , Fahlhorst , Neuendorf near Potsdam (now Nowawes ) and Siethen , all of which were in the immediate vicinity east of the Nuthe. Only one village on the eastern edge of the Nuthe was excluded, Drewitz , which had come into the possession of the Lehnin monastery as early as 1228 and thus interrupted the continuous line of the Beuthen villages on the eastern bank of the Nuthe. Another village on the Teltow, Ahrensdorf, was later acquired. Presumably, the rulership grew out of three smaller castle districts, because three castles are documented in the area of ​​Castle Beuthen, of which the Neue Burg (near Drewitz ) and Gröben Castle were already in the 14th / 15th. Century fell into disrepair and are no longer mentioned in the following years. By contrast, Beuthen Castle is said to have been habitable in 1687. The following villages belonged to the small rule:

  • Ahrensdorf had already come into the possession of Heinrich von Steglitz before 1242, who lent the village to the Lehnin monastery that year. Before 1375, Ahrensdorf came into the possession of Castle Beuthen, under whose rule it remained until 1680. Then came the Saarmund office in 1680 .
  • ( Drewitz ). Before 1228 the village belonged to A. v. Arneborch, a Magdeburg ministerial, who sold it to the Lehnin monastery that year. But he had it as a fief from the Brandenburg margrave. In contrast, the large heather in 1284 (later also Gütergotzer Heide) still belonged to von der Gröben , but was already used by the farmers from Gütergotz (today Güterfelde ).
  • Fahlhorst . The place belonged to Castle Beuthen before 1375. In 1667 he came to the Saarmund office.
  • Glazov . The V. Schlabrendorf acquired half of the village in 1484 and maintained ownership until after 1572
  • Coarse . Gröben belonged to the original possession of the von der Gröben family in the Mittelmark. By 1375 it came to Castle Beuthen. This included the castle on a Nuthe island near Gröben, first mentioned in 1352. The castle fell into disrepair with the change of ownership and was no longer mentioned in 1375. Since 1685 Gröben was divided. One part initially remained with the von Schlabrendorf family , the other part went to the Saarmund office.
  • Großbeuthen . Like Kleinbeuthen, the village belonged directly to the lordship of Castle Beuthen. Henricus de Groben sold Großbeuthen to Beteke Dyreken in 1375. In 1416 it came to the von Schlabrendorf family.
  • ( Güterfelde ). In 1509 the v. Schlabrendorf Income from eight people in Güterfelde, which was apparently sold to the v, Spiel zu Dahlem before 1543.
  • Jütchendorf belonged to Castle Beuthen and the estates of Gröben, Siethen and Beuthen from 1375 to 1872.
  • Kerzendorf originally belonged to the so-called Brandenburg fiefdoms of the Lords of Zossen, who had them as fiefs from the Brandenburg margraves. Even before 1523, the family v. Close to acquire half of the village. This share came into the possession of the v. Schlabrendorf to Beuthen Castle. After the rule was broken, it came to the v. Schlaberndorf in Siethen. In 1752 they were also able to acquire the other half. But in 1756 they sold the whole village to Johannes Ludovicus le Duchat de Dorville.
  • Kleinbeuthen . The village belonged next to Großbeuthen to the direct property of the Bytom rule. The mill at Mühlenfließ in the immediate vicinity of the castle also belonged to the castle; the Mühlenfließ is a small branch of the Nuthe, which branched off from the main stream just above the castle and mill.
  • Neuendorf near Potsdam (incorporated into the Nowawes community in 1906 and dissolved in the Babelsberg district of Potsdam later ). The village was already part of the lordship of Castle Beuthen before 1375. But it was lost early and in 1426 belonged to the Vogtei Potsdam (later the Potsdam Office). The New Castle is mentioned in 1422 ; later no more castle is mentioned. The village was originally a round village .
  • Nudow . Around 1375 the place belonged to the Mukum (Muken) and before 1450 it came under the ownership of Castle Beuthen. In 1649 he was bought by Schwerin ; In 1662 he came to the Potsdam office. Some rights such as the farmer's wagon services and the bede were to be given to the bailiwick or the Saarmund office. Other taxes not specified further went to the Saarmund office.
  • ( Philippsthal ). The spinner village was only built in 1754/5 in the area of ​​the Saarmund office. The heather areas that were made into the village (Niederheyde, Krügersheide, Wentorf and Schulzenheide) must originally also have belonged to the lordship of Beuthen Castle. In any case, part of the Wendendorf corridor later belonged to Nudow.
  • Siethen belonged to Castle Beuthen before 1375 and was sold to von Streithorst in 1594/95.
  • ( Thyrow ). Since 1359 the castle and from 1375 at the latest also the village of Thyrow had been owned by the knight Nicolaus Falke von der Kiesnitz and his sons Hans and Erich Falke. The castle is not mentioned later, its location is not known. It is unclear whether Thyrower Damm was still owned by Beuthen Castle or by the village of Thyrow. In 1525 the village with the upper and lower courts and the Thyrower Damm was sold by the von Hake to the "Voigte" (Voigt family) in Mittenwalde . Today's B 101 roughly follows the old transition over the Nuthe in the area of ​​the Nuthetal. The Thyrower Damm is still recorded in the Urmes table sheet from 1840 (sheet Trebbin). Today it belongs to the Großbeuthen district.

owner

Due to the comparatively late documentary mention, the reconstruction of the early ownership history is difficult. In 1357, the von Gröben family was already sitting at Castle Beuthen, who sold the village of Großbeuthen to the Dierecke zu Rudow for repurchase that year. Since the 15th century the village was once again an accessory to Beuthen Castle. The von Gröben had their ancestral castle in the neighboring village of Gröben, which fell into disrepair after the aristocratic residence was moved to Beuthen. In 1381 the castle came to Henning von Ziesar. Kune von Zigesar, the son of Henning, was chased out of the castle by force by Heinrich von Isenburg and Johann von Treskow in 1410 . Kune von Zigesar offered 700 Czech groschen to restore the castle. Johann von Quitzow offered himself as an intermediary and initially put the money forward. Since Kune von Zigesar could not pay, Hans von Quitzow took possession of the castle. He put Gesken von Brederlow as the castle captain . In 1411 Friedrich , the Burgrave of Nuremberg, initially as administrator, from 1415 as Margrave of Brandenburg, tried to restore order in the Margraviate of Brandenburg . He allied himself with the cities, but also with the von Torgau, lords of Zossen. On February 6, 1414, Hans von Torgau, supported by the citizens of Jüterbog , Treuenbrietzen and Beelitz as well as teams from the Lehnin and Zinna monasteries , began the siege of Beuthen Castle, which was defended by Götz von Predöhl, captain of the Quitzow brothers. After the fall of the castles Friesack and Plaue , Predöhl gave the castle to that of Torgau. In 1416 Friedrich I. awarded Beuthen Castle to Peter von Bredow , the guardian of those von Schlabrendorf, children of his daughter for 1,500 Bohemian groschen, but reserved the redemption. In 1461, Curt Slaberndorff was sitting in Buten , who this year appears as a witness in a document from Margrave Friedrich II of Brandenburg. In 1462 Curt and Hans von Schlabrendorf were enfeoffed with goods in Waßmannsdorf at Castle Beuthen . In 1463, Elector Friedrich II confirmed the von Schlabrendorf Castle Beuthen as hereditary property. In 1565 the property was divided. According to the “directory of the horse services of the Prelates, Counts and Dero from the knighthood of the electorate of the Marck Brandenburgk. Like Ao. In 1565 it was steered by dahon. ”From 1565 the“ Fritz v. Schlabberndorf's heirs "provide 1½ horses," Otto and Hanß Brothers the Schlabberndorff auff Bueten and Blanckenfelde "also have 1½ feudal horses. In 1572 “Hans v. Schlabberndorff zue Bueten und Gröben ”and“ Churdt v. Schlabrendorff zu Beutten ”is present at the state parliament in Berlin. In 1588 part of the property had been sold to von Götze . In 1594/95 another part of the von Schlabrendorf property was sold to the von Streithorst. Other parts remained in the possession of the von Schlabrendorf family. In 1597 Friedrich von Görtzke acquired the share that Friedrich von Götze had secured from the bankruptcy estate. The Streithorst share came into the possession of those of von der Gröben zu Siethen from 1614 to 1644, and in 1644 that of von Schlabrendorf zu Gröben. They sold their part in 1753 to von Görtzke, who thus owned all of Kleinbeuthen and Großbeuthen. It was not until 1945 that the von Görtzkes were expropriated.

Castle hill seen from the east. The moat can still be seen here.

The buildings of Beuthen Castle

Little can be said about the appearance of the castle or the later palace. In the place of the former castle, only a now overgrown hill can be seen, in which in some places stone blocks and remnants of bricks can still be seen. On the east side, a moat is clearly recognizable as a shallow depression. In 1414 the castle was taken over by the comrade of Margrave Friedrich I, Hans v. Torgau, besieged and taken with the help of the "Faulen Grete", an early gun. It can therefore be assumed that the castle was still fortified at that time and was possibly surrounded by a moat. The complex is later described as a castle, which means that the building was probably converted into a castle in the 16th century. In 1687 the building is said to have been inhabited or was habitable. Then a new manor house was built in Großbeuthen and the seat of the greatly reduced rule relocated to Großbeuthen. A knight's seat in Großbeuthen is already documented for 1694. In 1813 you can still see the remains of the wall of Beuthen Castle, which were torn down during the fighting during the advance of the Armée de Berlin in the Wars of Liberation . The castle chapel had not been occupied by a clergyman since the end of the 16th century. It had a certain historical significance, because one of the first Protestant services in the area took place in it. It probably fell into disrepair at the beginning of the 18th century; In 1713/14 a new half-timbered church was built in Großbeuthen. She still has a bell from the 14th / 15th centuries. Century, which comes from a previous church, either a previous church in Großbeuthen or the castle chapel in Kleinbeuthen.

literature

  • Lieselott Enders and Margot Beck: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part IV. Teltow. 395 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor Weimar, 1976.
  • Ernst Fidicin: The territories of the Mark Brandenburg or history of the individual counties, cities, manors and villages in the same as a continuation of the Landbuch Kaiser Karl IV. Volume I. contains: I. the district Teltow, II. The district Nieder-Barnim. Berlin, Guttentag, 1857 (Part I: XVIII + 160 p., Part II: XVIII + 144 p.)
  • Joachim Herrmann: The prehistoric and early historical castle walls of Greater Berlin and the Potsdam district. German Academy of Sciences in Berlin Writings of the Section for Prehistory, 9: 1–229, Berlin 1960.
  • Woldemar Lippert : Document book of the city of Lübben. III. Volume: The documents of the city and the office of Lübben, the gentlemen Zauche, Pretschen and Leuthen. Publisher of the Wilhelm and Bertha von Baensch Foundation, Dresden 1933 (hereinafter abbreviated to Lippert, Document Book III, with corresponding page number).
  • Gerhard Schlimpert : Brandenburg name book part 3 The place names of the Teltow. 368 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972.
  • Berthold Schulze: Property and settlement history statistics of the Brandenburg authorities and cities 1540-1800. Supplement to the Brandenburg office map. Individual writings of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg and the imperial capital Berlin, Volume 7, 190 pp., Im Kommissionsverlag von Gsellius, Berlin, 1935.
  • Wilhelm Spatz: The Teltow. Part T. 3., History of the localities in the Teltow district. 384 pp., Berlin, Rohde, 1912.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Brandenburg Land Books Volume 2, 470 pp., Gsellius commission publisher, Berlin 1940 (p. 93, footnote)
  2. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of the spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, Volume X, continuation of the Mittelmark documents. Castle and town of Plaue. Castle, town and monastery Ziesar, Leitzkau monastery. Golzow Castle and the von Rochow family. Lehnin Monastery. Mixed documents. 538 S., Berlin, Reimer 1856 Online at Google Books (p. 480)
  3. ↑ Lippert, Document Book III, p. 131, Certificate No. 135.
  4. ↑ Ernst Fidicin: The territories of the Mark Brandenburg or history of the individual districts, cities, manors, foundations and villages in the same, as a continuation of the land book of Emperor Karl IV. Volume I. History of the Teltow district and the cities, manors, villages located in it etc. Berlin, Verlag von J. Guttentag 1857 Online at Google Books (p. 141)
  5. ^ Carl von Eickstedt: Contributions to a newer land book of the Brandenburg brands: prelates, knights, cities, fiefdoms, or Roßdienst and fiefdom. XX, 590 S., Creutz, Magdeburg 1840 Online at Google Books (p. 33)
  6. ^ Carl von Eickstedt: Contributions to a newer land book of the Brandenburg brands: prelates, knights, cities, fiefdoms, or Roßdienst and fiefdom. XX, 590 S., Creutz, Magdeburg 1840 Online at Google Books (p. 89)
  7. ^ Homepage of the city of Trebbin - Groß- und Kleinbeuthen

Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ′ 32.3 "  N , 13 ° 11 ′ 27.7"  E