Wietstock (Ludwigsfelde)

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Wietstock
City of Ludwigsfelde
Coordinates: 52 ° 16 ′ 13 ″  N , 13 ° 18 ′ 24 ″  E
Height : 38 m
Residents : 265  (Dec. 31, 2006)
Incorporation : December 31, 1997
Postal code : 14974
Area code : 03378
Baroque village church from 1746
Baroque village church from 1746

Wietstock is a district of Ludwigsfelde , a town in the Brandenburg district of Teltow-Fläming . The village, which was independent until December 30, 1997, was incorporated into the city of Ludwigsfelde in 1997.

Wietstock on the Schmettauschen map from 1767–87

Geographical location

The place is about five kilometers southeast of the city center of Ludwigsfelde and about 33 kilometers south of Berlin . The place has 265 inhabitants (2007) on an area of ​​10.01 km². Clockwise from west to south, the village is surrounded by the following places: Kerzendorf , Löwenbruch and Groß Schulzendorf (also districts of the city of Ludwigsfelde) and Märkisch Wilmersdorf (district of the city of Trebbin ). Wietstock lies on a slight elevation on a branch of the Nuthe lowlands on the Nuthegraben below the Teltow slope. The valley with the ditch cuts through the Teltow plateau here.

history

The place was first mentioned in 1378 with the name at the huse zu den Wistogk . In 1437 Witstock was written and in 1491 Wittstock . According to Gerhard Schlimpert, the name comes from Polabian and means elevated terrain , which refers to the location of the village on a slight elevation in the Nuthe lowlands. The field name was transferred to the place and reinterpreted in German early on ( wit for white and stick for stick, vine, tree stump ).

Political Affiliation

At the time it was first mentioned in a document , the place belonged to the rule of Zossen , which the Lords of Zossen, the family v. Torgau belonged. The supremacy changed between the Mark Brandenburg and the Niederlausitz . In 1367/70 the rule of Zossen was attached to Niederlausitz and came under the Bohemian fiefdom. In 1490 the Brandenburg Elector Johann Cicero bought the rule and converted it into a margravial office. The Bohemian suzerainty remained until 1742. By 1600, the Office Zossen was the Teltow connected. The Teltow district remained in existence until 1952 when it was broken up in the course of the district reform in the GDR. Wietstock came to the newly formed Zossen district . After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1992, offices for the administration of the often very small communities were established. Wietstock came to the Ludwigsfelde-Land office . On December 31, 1997, Wietstock left the office of Ludwigsfelde-Land and was incorporated into the city of Ludwigsfelde . Since then it has been part of the city of Ludwigsfelde.

Population development from 1583 to 2006 (until 1971 from Hist. Ortlexikon)

year Residents
1583 approx. 110–140 (13 farmers, 15 cottagers)
1734 154
1772 197
1801 232
1817 202
1840 284
1858 272
1895 287
1925 302
1939 309
1946 443
1964 272
1971 249
2006 265

Local history

Wietstock is a village in the shape of a mountain, which connects to the Wietstocker Damm at right angles. The church is slightly raised in the center of the village, and to the north-east of it is the castle wall, probably an early German tower hill that has now been completely leveled. In 1378 the "House of Wietstock with the long bridge, the dam and the Landwehr" is mentioned. The castle or the permanent house had to control this important crossing over the Nuthe moat and was a customs post. The residents of Kerzendorf were obliged to maintain the bridge. The village itself was loaned to the von Reiche family. It fell back to rule at the end of the 16th century. In 1436 the Schulzengut and the Krug zu Wietstock were named, in 1477 a mill. The permanent house with a yard, a meadow in front of the dam and the dam itself were given as a fief. Already before 1534 until after 1599 the fief was given to G. Richter and heirs. 1646 and 1671 a G. Fischer is named. In the 18th century there was explicit mention of a "customs booth". What is meant here is not a customs duty for the import of goods, but a toll for crossing the bridge. From 1515 to 1536 the lease and interest payments of a three-hoofed farmer had come to the Bellin family in Mittenwalde. From 1536 until after 1583 the beneficiaries of these taxes were the von Bardeleben family in Großziethen. After 1583 they returned to the Zossen office.

According to the inheritance register of the Zossen office from 1583, the Wietstock field mark was divided into 46 hooves "since time immemorial" . The hooves were slightly different in size and measured a little over 4.5 hectares. The Lehnschulze cultivated four hooves, as did six other farmers, including the Kruger. There were also five three-hoofed farmers and one single-hoofed farm off duty, which belonged to the customs office. 15 Kossäts were resident in the village, including a blacksmith, the Kirchenkossät and a windmill, who z. T. owned meadows. There was also an "essential" parish and sexton yard as well as a church, to which two Hufen belonged. It was the mother church with the daughter churches in Kerzendorf and Groß Schulzendorf. The village seems to have survived the Thirty Years' War better than many villages in the vicinity. In 1652 there were nine farmers again, and in 1655 there were already 12 farmers in Wietstock. One of the 14 cottages served the Kruger and one the church. There is also an official tax office who operated the windmill and the "Dammzöllner". In 1711 there were 12 farmers and 8 cottagers in the village; in addition came the miller, the shepherd, the servant and the blacksmith. In 1745 3 farmers, 8 cottagers, the pitcher, a windmill and the “kgl. Land and secondary tariffs to Zossen ”mentioned. In 1764 the customs office is known as the "customs booth". Associated with this was a free house and yard, i. H. a tax exempt hoof. In 1801 there were 34 campfire sites (= households) in the village, 9 full farmers, 10 full kossers, 9 Büdner, 7 residents, a forge, a jug, a water mill, a windmill. In 1840 there were 36 houses in the village. For the first time in 1859 a master butcher, a master tailor, a carpenter, a cartwright and a "Viktualien dealer" (= grocer) are named. In 1900 there were already 48 houses, in 1939 53 houses. After the Second World War there does not seem to be any expropriations. In 1954 a type III LPG was established , which in 1955 had 28 members and cultivated 366 hectares of usable area. In 1961 the LPG had 88 members on 774 hectares of usable area. Later the LPG specialized in plant production.

Today's economic life in the village continues to be determined primarily by agriculture . There are also some smaller commercial settlements such as a construction company. There is also a model airfield and a motocross practice area on the undulating Teltow plateau . With riding stables and hiking trails in the lowlands and on the plateau, Wietstock has contributed to the tourist boom in the southern Berlin area.

In 2003 Wietstock celebrated its 625th birthday, which means that the village was first mentioned in 1378 as the year of birth.

Wietstock on the Urmes table sheet from 1840, with windmill, castle wall in the center of the village and burial place of the fallen from 1813

Wietstocker Schanzen

On August 22, 1813, battles took place near Wietstock in the course of the Battle of Großbeeren , in the course of which Wietstock was set on fire. The almost overgrown Wietstocker Schanzen and memorial stones in a forest west of the Nuthegraben on the road to Ludwigsfelde are reminiscent of these battles of the Prussian Landwehr against Napoleon's troops .

Soldier of the Prussian Landwehr, 1815 - the shako is of British origin and was marked with the white Landwehr cross

On August 22, 1813, the Napoleonic Berlin Army was supposed to force the three crossings over the Nuthegraben near Wietstock, Thyrow and Jühnsdorf against the Allied Northern Army . The Wietstocker Schanzen , on which Prussian soldiers were stationed for observation, were left to the attackers without a fight in the course of the conflict. Reinhard Nelke describes the struggles as follows:

“Step by step the Prussians withdrew, inflicting heavy losses on the attacker. Then they passed the Nuthegraben, taking the wooden bridge with them. Now a persistent battle broke out over the Nuthe crossing and the 800-pace-long dam. The French tirailleurs advanced as far as the Nuthegraben. Prussian artillery shot Wietstock on fire, as enemy cannons were firing from the village center and used the houses as cover. When the houses had burned down, the French guns had to go back. "

- Reinhard Nelke, preussenweb.de

With the help of boards and hay, the Dururte Division formed a provisional crossing over the Nuthegraben and additionally threatened the left wing of the Prussian positions. After three unsuccessful attempts at attack, the cavalry regiments of General von Oppen finally had to retreat to Großbeeren . However, the relatively weak Prussian troops had been able to hold off the highly superior Napoleonic units in the battles near Wietstock for six hours. 800 soldiers died on the French side and 356 soldiers and 221 horses on the Prussian side.

Landscape at the Nuthegraben

At Nuthegraben in December

The Nuthegraben runs through the entire district of Wietstock from northeast to southwest. It drains the southernmost parts of Berlin and the neighboring Brandenburg region via the Waßmannsdorf sewage treatment plant , whose water it takes in through the Mahlower Seegraben, among other things , as well as the swampy areas around Großbeeren zur Nuthe . The Nuthegraben near Wietstock leads through an extensive meadow landscape with a few kinks and smaller forests. Drive way and a fringe of poplars from which the songs of Yellowhammers ( Emberiza citrinella ), goldfinches ( Carduelis carduelis ) and blackcap ( Sylvia atricapilla ) can be heard accompanying the ditch over long distances. The golden oriole ( Oriolus oriolus ), bird of the year 1990 and strictly protected in Germany according to § 10 Abs. 2 Nr. 5 and Nr. 11 BNatSchG , lets its sonorous, fluting song be heard at the Nuthegraben.

Monuments

monument

On the tree-lined village green is the village church Wietstock from the year 1746. It is the oldest and the only as a monument listed building Wietstocks.

Soil monuments

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Teltow-Fläming of December 31, 2011 lists nine ground monuments:

  • Village center Wietstock, modern times, a tower hill from the German Middle Ages, a settlement from the Slavic Middle Ages, village center German Middle Ages, a single find from the Stone Age
  • north-east of the village center there is a rest and work area from the Stone Age, a settlement from the Slavic Middle Ages, a burial ground from the Slavic Middle Ages, a settlement and a burial ground from the Iron Age
  • also north of the village, a settlement of prehistory and early history
  • south of the village a settlement of the Slavic Middle Ages, a settlement of the German Middle Ages, a settlement of the Iron Age
  • north of the village, a settlement from the German Middle Ages, a settlement from the Roman Empire, a resting and working area from the Stone Age, a settlement from the Slavic Middle Ages
  • south of the village, a settlement of the German Middle Ages, a settlement of the Slavic Middle Ages
  • south of the village, a settlement from the Roman Empire, an Iron Age settlement
  • south of the village, another settlement from the Roman Empire, another settlement from the Iron Age
  • south of the village, an Iron Age burial ground

Sons and daughters of the village

literature

  • Lieselott Enders and Margot Beck: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part IV. Teltow. 395 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor Weimar, 1976.
  • Gerhard Schlimpert : Brandenburg name book part 3 The place names of the Teltow. 368 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972.
  • Wilhelm Spatz: The Teltow. Part T. 3., History of the localities in the Teltow district. 384 pp., Berlin, Rohde, 1912.

Web links

Commons : Wietstock  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Main Statute of the City of Ludwigsfelde of April 12, 2013 Main Statute (PDF)
  2. ↑ Gerhard Schlimpert, Brandenburgisches Namenbuch, Part 3, Die Ortnames des Teltow , Hermann Böhlaus Nachf., Weimar 1972, pp. 201 f.
  3. ^ Incorporation of the Wietstock community into the city of Ludwigsfelde. Announcement of the Ministry of the Interior of December 18, 1997. Official Gazette for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 9, Number 2, January 22, 1998, p. 21.
  4. ↑ Enders & Beck (1976: pp. 344–6)
  5. ↑ Reinhard Nelke, preussenweb, Großbeeren . Section: The battles on August 22, 1813 near Wendisch-Wilmersdorf, Wietstock and Jühnsdorf . [1]
  6. ↑ Carsten Rasmus, Bettina Rasmus, Berliner Umland Süd , KlaRas-Verlag, Berlin 2002, p. 82 ISBN 3-933135-10-9
  7. ↑ a b List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg, district of Teltow-Fläming from December 31, 2011 PDF ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bldam-brandenburg.de

annotation

  1. ↑ The year 1346 is occasionally mentioned as the year it was first mentioned. It is based on the incorrect dating of the Meißner diocese registers; see. Winfried Schich: First mentions and local anniversaries. Reflections on the history of the Brandenburg settlement - lecture at the “Day of Brandenburg Local and State History” on November 6, 2005 in Potsdam.