Small best

Small best community Bestensee Coordinates: 52 ° 14 ′ 6 ″  N , 13 ° 37 ′ 47 ″  E
Height :	36 m above sea level NHN
Incorporation :	April 1, 1938
Postal code :	15741
Area code :	033763

Klein Beste is an inhabited part of the municipality Bestensee in the Dahme-Spreewald district in Brandenburg . The formerly independent municipality was merged with the neighboring Groß Beste to form the new municipality of Bestensee on April 1, 1938 .

location

Klein Beste is located about 37 kilometers south of the city center of Berlin and south of the city of Königs Wusterhausen . Surrounding villages are Groß Beste in the north, Pätz in the east, Groß Köris in the south, the districts of Motzen and Gallun of the city of Mittenwalde in the southwest and west and Krummensee in the northwest.

The Klein Bestener See and two smaller lakes, which are surrounded by a campsite , are located within the Klein Bestens district , and the district borders on the Pätzer Frontsee and the Pätzer Hintersee . To the south, in the area around Klein Beste, are the frontsied and Hintersiedlung residential areas , which were built in the last century .

The state road 743 runs in Klein Beste. To the north runs the federal road 246 , which meets the federal road 179 just after Klein Beste and connects the village to the federal highway 13 . A short section of Autobahn 13 in the direction of Berlin runs through Klein Bestener district. The Berlin – Görlitz railway line runs through the center of the town, and its Bestensee stop is in Klein Beste.

history

Early to the 17th century

Germanic sculpture on the village green

The village of Klein Beste goes back to the Slavic settlement of Bestwin , which was established here by Slavic settlers around the 5th century. In 1375 the village of Bestwy (i) n parwa was first mentioned in the land book of Charles IV. The place name means something like good elder , which can be traced back to the elder bushes on the banks of the Klein Bestener See. The small best, like the big best, was laid out as a round village. This shape of the village center serves as an indication of the former existence of a Slavic rampart . During excavations between 2005 and 2008, the remains of houses and settlements were found. In Klein Beste, the farmhouses were around the center of the village and stretch as far as the Klein Bestener See. At that time the area was 12 hooves in size, four of which belonged to Schulzen . Probably in the 13th or 14th century, Klein Beste was sold to the knight family of their Schenken von Landsberg and Seyda , who formed the Schenkenländchen in the 14th century by buying 15 other villages . At that time, a smaller manor in Klein Beste was formed from a courtyard of the manor Groß Beste, but it must have fallen again before 1584 . The spelling Cleinen Bestwyn has been handed down from 1436 , before Klein Beste first appeared in 1546 .

Before the Thirty Years' War there lived five hoofers , seven kötter and one shepherd. They were obliged to raise taxes. The hoofers had to pay one taler, the Schulze - listed with only two hooves left - gave one taler and 18 groschen, the kötter and the shepherd 12 groschen each. During the war there were raids, murders and arson by the Swedish army in Klein Beste . Due to the war, starvation and epidemics such as the plague or smallpox , the number of inhabitants in Klein Beste fell sharply, so that after 1647 only a quarter to a half as many people lived in the village as before 1617. In the following years the population only increased slowly on again. In 1652 there was a heir, seven farmers and a son.

After the Thirty Years War, the owners of the little bar changed very often. Within less than forty years, the Schenkenländchen, and thus also Klein Beste, was leased by the noble families von Jena , von Danckelmann , von Loeben , von Puttlitz and other families. In 1657 Johann Friedrich von Loeben bought the village of Schenkendorf as well as the rulership rights of some surrounding villages, including Klein Beste, for 18,000 Reichstaler . In 1683 the office of Wendisch Wusterhausen was acquired by the later Elector Friedrich III. sovereign property.

18th century

In 1705 there was a Lehnschulzen, four farms (one of which was desert), four Ganzkötter, two Halbkötter, a desert Kötterhof and a shepherd. On February 11, 1717, the Prussian King Friedrich I , who was already in the possession of the cities of Teupitz and Wendisch / Königs Wusterhausen , bought the rule Schenkendorf with the associated villages Groß und Klein Beste, Krummensee, Pätz and Körbiskrug from Curt Hildebrand von Loeben for 56,000 thalers. In the 18th century there were increases in taxes and compulsory labor by the country nobles compared to the farmers. The farmers in small best were obliged week at least three hours tensioning services to pay for the nobility. Many farmers in the village became impoverished as a result. From 1745 only five farmers and five kötter survive. In the Seven Years' War in 1757 Austro-Hungarian hussars invaded Klein Beste. The residents had to provide for the food of the hussars and their horses and also had to pay boarding fees. In 1771 the situation had relaxed only a little. There were 10 gables (= houses), a shepherd, a couple of householders. They had to pay four groschen for each six hooves. A year later there was only one farmer and nine kötter.

19th century

In the following decades there was a modest economic upswing, which was also reflected in new settlements. In 1801 there were 19 campfire sites in Klein Beste, 10 Ganzkötter, seven Büdner, three residents and one jug ; In 1840 there were already 18 houses. The village structure, however, remained predominantly rural: in 1858 there were only nine possessions. One was 577 acres, with eight others ranging in size from 30 to 300 acres, which together farmed 2,037 acres. Seven other properties were 5 to 30 acres in size, making up 60 acres. Another property was only an acre in size. However, the statistics also recorded two journeymen, two shipowners with two assistants and two electric vehicles, as well as the aforementioned pitcher. In 1860 the village had grown to 23 residential and 38 farm buildings. The farmers managed a total of 2,678 acres, mostly forest with 1,280 acres. There were also 724 acres of arable land, 350 acres of pasture, 295 acres of meadow and 26 acres of garden land. In 1892 a new municipal cemetery was laid out in the south of Klein Bestens, and in the following year the old cemetery at the village church of Groß Beste was closed for burials. On February 26, 1893, the first funeral took place in the new cemetery with the funeral of the former mayor Carl Ferdinand Kerstan. In 1896 Klein Beste was connected to the traffic route between Mittenwalde and the Beeskow-Storkower Land . In the following years the village was also connected to the electricity grid . In addition, the construction of private residential buildings was increasingly started, as a result of which the population of Klein Beste rose sharply.

20th and 21st centuries

Fallen memorial in Klein Beste

In 1900 there were 53 houses in the village. From around the beginning of the 20th century, clay was mined in Klein Beste and the surrounding area . This led to further settlements, so that there were already 84 houses in 1931. During the Nazi era, a Nazi kindergarten, the German Young People , the Hitler Youth , the Association of German Girls and the Reich Labor Service (RAD) were founded in Klein Beste . The NSDAP party comrade Hackbarth was appointed mayor . Under his leadership, units of the RAD were used to build a drainage ditch, road construction and cultural work. By decree of the Upper President of the Province of Brandenburg on January 7, 1938, Klein Beste was incorporated into the community of Groß Beste on April 1, 1938, the newly formed community should initially be called Groß Beste, but later the name Bestensee was determined. After the November pogroms in 1938 the main street was renamed Adolf-Hitler-Strasse . In 1941, clay mining was stopped for economic reasons and the pits that were created were flooded. The Red Army reached the place on April 26, 1945 .

The town hall building in Klein Beste was temporarily used as a military hospital after the end of the Second World War , but it was available again for school lessons from June 1945. At the beginning of the 1950s, the farmers in small and large were brought together in an agricultural production cooperative. On March 7, 1946, the Free German Youth was founded in the village .

In the 1950s, the restoration of the buildings damaged by the war began. In addition, several prefabricated buildings were built in the north-eastern part of Klein Bestens. These were used as offices of the Free German Youth and were later occupied by the GDR border troops . In the Rudi-Arnstadt settlement, which was newly laid out from the 1960s , mainly the families of the officers employed by the border troops lived. From September 1, 1969, the pupils from the small best attended the newly founded POS Rudi-Arnstadt-Oberschule. The cultural life was enriched by the male choir and a school amateur play group. There was also an extensive club system. The allotment gardeners and small animal breeders organized the rose tree festivals in town. The DFD was like the People's Solidarity also active. In 1989 the station building was modernized.

Administrative affiliation

Little best has always been part of the Kingdom of Prussia . When the new district was formed in 1816, the community came to the Teltow district . On April 1, 1936, by official resolution, Klein Beste was united with Groß Beste to form the municipality of Bestensee. On July 25, 1952, Klein Beste was assigned to the newly formed Königs Wusterhausen district in the Potsdam district . After the fall of the Wall , Klein Beste was initially in the Königs Wusterhausen district in Brandenburg . After the district reform in December 1993, Klein Beste came to the newly formed district of Dahme-Spreewald .

Population development

Population development in Klein Beste from 1734 to 1925
year	1734	1772	1801	1817	1840	1858	1895	1925
Residents	79	81	121	93	143	165	326	549

literature

• Lieselott Enders : Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg: Teltow (= Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg . Volume 4). Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1976.

Web links

Commons : Small Best  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

• Excerpts from the local history of Bestensee

proof

1. ↑ Reinhard E. Fischer : The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin. Age - origin - meaning . be.bra Wissenschaft, Berlin 2005, p. 26 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Wolfgang Purann: Bestensee. The chronicle of a Brandenburg village . Bestensee 2006 ( mediapur.de ).
3. ↑ Little Best in the Historical Directory. Retrieved March 26, 2018 .