Great best
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Great best
community Bestensee
Coordinates: 52 ° 14 ′ 48 ″ N , 13 ° 37 ′ 43 ″ E
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| Height : | 37 m above sea level NHN |
| Incorporation : | April 1, 1938 |
| Postal code : | 15741 |
| Area code : | 033763 |
Groß Beste is an inhabited part of the municipality of Bestensee in the Dahme-Spreewald district in Brandenburg . The formerly independent municipality was merged with the neighboring Klein Beste to form the new municipality of Bestensee on April 1, 1938 .
location
Groß Beste is located about 35 kilometers south of the city center of Berlin and south of the city of Königs Wusterhausen . Surrounding villages are the Königs Wusterhausen districts of Zeesen in the north and Körbiskrug in the northeast, the district of Gräbendorf belonging to the municipality of Heidesee in the east, Pätz in the southeast, Klein Beste in the south and the districts of Gallun in the west and Krummensee in the northwest, which belong to the city of Mittenwalde . To the east of Groß Beste there is also the Glunzbusch prefabricated housing estate belonging to the main town .
Todnitzsee and Seechen are within the Groß Bestens district . Part of the district also borders the Pätzer Vorderesee .
The federal highway 246 runs in Groß Beste, which meets the federal highway 179 shortly after the town and connects the village to the federal highway 13 . A short section of the Autobahn 13 in the direction of Berlin runs through Groß Bestener district. The Berlin – Görlitz railway line runs right through the town .
History and etymology
14th to 17th centuries
In 1307 a parcel of land near the Slavic settlement of Bestwin , on which the round village of Groß Beste was located a little later, was mentioned as wente to the Besstwinsche Berghen . The first documentary mention of Groß Bestens took place in 1375 in the land register of Charles IV as Bestewin magna . Another spelling was Bestewyn magna . The place name developed via Grossen Bestwyn zu Groß Besthen to its current form and means roughly good elder , which can be traced back to the elder bushes on the banks of the Klein Bestener See . The big best, like the little best, is laid out as a round village.
In 1375 the construction of the village church began. The village farms were built around the church building. At that time the place was 32 hooves in size, of which the pastor and the eight fawns each owned two hooves. Six other hooves belonged to those of Schlieben . In addition, at this time there was already a desert mill called Rudolffmoll or Rudolffmoel , as well as several lakes. Before 1436 Groß Beste was sold to the knightly family of those Schenken von Landsberg and Seyda , who formed the Schenkenländchen in the 14th century by buying 15 other villages . At that time, Groß Beste was the seat of a manor . In 1417 the manor was subordinated to the bar, the residents of Groß Bestens had to pay taxes to the nobles for the use of the lakes in the local area. After the Reformation , there was a dispute between the parishes in Groß Beste and Schenkendorf in 1543 . The village church Schenkendorf became a parish church and the village church Groß Beste became a branch church .
During the Thirty Years' War there were raids, murders and arson by the Swedish army. In 1624 there were 13 farmers , a shepherd and a blacksmith living in Groß Beste . Everyone was obliged to give the gentlemen a thaler. There was also a mayor who had to pay one thaler and 18 groschen. The two farmers had to pay one thaler and nine groschen; the kötter twelve groschen. Due to the war, starvation and epidemics such as the plague and smallpox , the population in Groß Beste fell sharply. After the end of the war, only seven farmers with one son, two Kötter and the Lehnschulze with his son lived in the village in 1652. In the following years the population increased only slowly. After the end of the war, the manor was briefly owned by the theologian Müller from 1652 to 1657.
After the Thirty Years War, the owners of the little bar changed very often. Within less than forty years, the Schenkenländchen, and with it Groß Beste, was leased by the noble families von Jena , von Danckelmann , von Loeben , von Puttlitz and other families. In 1657 Johann Friedrich von Loeben bought the village of Schenkendorf and the rulership rights of some surrounding villages, including those for the village of Groß Beste, for 18,000 Reichstaler . In 1683 the office of Wendisch Wusterhausen was acquired by the later Elector Friedrich III. sovereign property.
18th century
In 1705 there was a Lehnschulzen, 12 farms (three of which were desolate), three Kötterhöfe (one of which was desolate) as well as a windmill and an Erbbaukrug. On February 11, 1717, the Prussian King Friedrich I , who was already in the possession of the cities of Teupitz and Wendisch / Königs Wusterhausen , bought the rule Schenkendorf with the associated villages Groß und Klein Beste, Krummensee, Pätz and Körbiskrug from Curt Hildebrand von Loeben for 56,000 thalers. In the 17th century there were increases in taxes and compulsory labor by the country nobles compared to the peasants. The farmers in the United best were obliged week at least three hours tensioning services to pay for the nobility. Many farmers in the village became impoverished as a result. In 1745 the statistics counted 13 farmers, a windmill, a jug and three other family houses outside the village, one of which was inhabited by the millers. In the Seven Years' War in 1757 Austro-Hungarian hussars invaded Groß Beste. The residents had to provide for the food of the hussars and their horses and also had to pay boarding fees. On October 1, 1760, the Russian army reached Groß Beste, occupied the place and requisitioned meat, bread, peas, lentils, oats, beer and brandy from the residents of Groß Bestens for their food. On October 14, 1760, Groß Beste was attacked by Cossacks . In 1771 there were 13 gables (= residential houses), a shepherd and a private windmill.
19th century
1801 lived in the place 14 whole farmers, five Büdner and seven residents . There was a jug and a windmill. In 1840 the number had grown to 22 houses with Gallunsbrück. In 1858, a statistical survey in the village revealed 14 farm owners with 13 servants and maids, two servants, two servants and 24 estates. Of these, 15 properties were between 30 and 300 acres in size. Together they farmed 2,787 acres. Eight other properties were between 5 and 30 acres in size (94 acres in total) and another two acres. There was also a poor person in town. In 1860 there were 54 farm buildings in the village, including a flour mill as well as 24 residential and two public buildings. In 1866 the Berlin – Görlitz railway line was inaugurated, which runs through Groß Beste and has a stop nearby. In 1891, Groß Beste was connected to the Teltowic district's road network. In 1893 the cemetery at the village church was closed, from then on funerals took place in the cemetery of Klein Beste. The children in Groß Beste attended the Red School or the school at the Dorfkastanie.
20th century
In 1900 the statistics in Groß Beste counted 494 inhabitants in 64 households. Before the First World War , there were mineral treasures found in the great best , from the beginning of the 20th century the mining of clay and the burning of roof tiles began in the region . After the First World War, Groß Beste grew strongly with newcomers. In 1925 Groß Beste had 1,266 inhabitants in 184 residential buildings, almost three times as many inhabitants as fifteen years earlier. In 1929 part of the manor district of Königs Wusterhausen Forest was incorporated with 203 hectares. In 1931 there were 186 houses in the village. In 1932 the residential areas forester's house Gallunsbrück, Chausseehaus Gallunsbrück and the state settlement Gallunsbrück were added.
During the time of National Socialism , a Nazi kindergarten, the German Young People , the Hitler Youth , the Association of German Girls and the Reich Labor Service (RAD) were founded in Groß Beste . The NSDAP party comrade Hackbarth was appointed mayor of what would later become the entire community . Under his leadership, units of the RAD were used to build a drainage ditch, road construction and cultural work. By decree of the Upper President of the Province of Brandenburg on January 7, 1938, Groß Beste was merged with the Klein Beste community on April 1, 1938, the newly formed community was initially to be called Groß Beste, but the name Bestensee was later determined. After the November pogroms in 1938 the main street was renamed Adolf-Hitler-Strasse . In 1941 clay mining was stopped for economic reasons and the resulting pits in the north of Groß Bestens were flooded. The Red Army reached the place on April 26, 1945 .
The two school buildings in Groß Beste were temporarily used as military hospitals after the end of the Second World War , but were available again for school lessons from June 1945. At the beginning of the 1950s, the farmers, big and small, were brought together in an agricultural production cooperative. On March 7, 1946, the Free German Youth was founded in the village .
In the 1950s, the restoration of the buildings damaged by the war began. In addition, several prefabricated buildings were built in the eastern part of Groß Bestens, today's part of the municipality of Glunzbusch . These were used as offices of the Free German Youth and were later occupied by the GDR border troops . In the Rudi-Arnstadt settlement, which was newly laid out from the 1960s , mainly the families of the officers employed by the border troops lived. The municipal administration moved in 1960 to the old school building on the Dorfkastanie. On September 1st, 1969 the newly founded POS Rudi-Arnstadt-Oberschule in Groß Beste was inaugurated. The cultural life was enriched by the male choir and a school amateur play group. There was also an extensive club system. The allotment gardeners and small animal breeders organized the rose tree festivals in town. The DFD was like the People's Solidarity also active.
Administrative affiliation
Great best has always been in the Kingdom of Prussia . When the new district was formed in 1816, the community came to the Teltow district . On April 1, 1938, the Groß Beste was merged with the Klein Beste to form the municipality of Bestensee. On July 25, 1952, Groß Beste was assigned to the newly formed Königs Wusterhausen district in the Potsdam district . After the reunification , Groß Beste was initially in the Königs Wusterhausen district in Brandenburg . After the district reform in December 1993, Klein Beste came to the newly formed district of Dahme-Spreewald .
Population development
| Population development in Groß Beste from 1734 to 1925 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| year | 1734 | 1772 | 1801 | 1817 | 1840 | 1858 | 1895 | 1925 | ||||||||||
| Residents | 128 | 118 | 132 | 134 | 145 with Gallunsbrück | 182 without Gallunsbrück | 439 | 1361 | ||||||||||
literature
- Lieselott Enders : Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg: Teltow (= Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg . Volume 4). Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1976.
Web links
proof
- ↑ Reinhard E. Fischer : The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin. Age - origin - meaning . be.bra Wissenschaft, Berlin 2005, p. 26 .
- ↑ a b c Wolfgang Purann: Bestensee. The chronicle of a Brandenburg village . Bestensee 2006 ( mediapur.de ).
- ↑ Big Best in the Historical Directory. Retrieved March 27, 2018 .