Mineral wealth
Natural resources according to § 3 of the Federal Mining Act are, with the exception of water, all solid, gaseous or liquid mineral raw materials that occur in natural deposits or accumulations (deposits) in or on the earth, on the sea bed, in the sea bed or in sea water and which are economical Worth it.
In deposit science , mineral resources are referred to as raw material deposits . If they occur in concentrated form so that they can be extracted underground or in open-cast mining , they are referred to as deposits .
Law in Germany
The right to search for, extract and process mineral resources as well as the associated rights and obligations are regulated in the Federal Mining Act. The Federal Mining Act differentiates between non-mined and locally owned mineral resources.
Real natural resources belong to the property on which they are located. They are owned by the landowner. These include a. Roofing slate , feldspar , basalt lava , clay , quartz and quartzite . Since the fundamental natural resources are finally named in the Federal Mining Act, all other mineral resources, such as gravel and sand , are not under mining law, but under construction and environmental law (in the broadest sense). The excavation laws of the federal states then apply . All mineral resources extracted underground are under mining law.
Ores , solid metals and fossil fuels as well as geothermal energy are non-mountainous natural resources that do not include property ownership.
The search for free mineral resources requires a permit according to the Federal Mining Act. The extraction of non-mined mineral resources requires a permit or mine ownership .
literature
- Ernst-Ulrich Reuther: Introduction to mining. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1982, ISBN 3-7739-0390-1 .
Web links
- Map "Natural resources of the Federal Republic of Germany" ( Memento from October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). On the website of the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials