Saalow
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Saalow
Am Mellensee municipality
Coordinates: 52 ° 11 ′ 41 ″ N , 13 ° 22 ′ 39 ″ E
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| Height : | 39 m | |
| Area : | 8.89 km² | |
| Residents : | 669 (Dec. 31, 2015) | |
| Population density : | 75 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | October 26, 2003 | |
| Postal code : | 15838 | |
| Area code : | 03377 | |
Location of Saalow in Brandenburg |
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Saalow is a district of the municipality Am Mellensee in the district of Teltow-Fläming ( Brandenburg ). On October 26, 2003, the previously independent municipality within the then Am Mellensee office was incorporated into the Am Mellensee municipality by law. Saalow is known beyond the region for its barn windmill, which is unique in the world .
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1583 | approx. 70–80 (14 farmers, 4 farmers) |
| 1734 | 133 |
| 1772 | 136 |
| 1801 | 145 |
| 1817 | 128 |
| 1840 | 220 |
| 1858 | 374 |
| 1895 | 412 |
| 1925 | 404 |
| 1939 | 517 |
| 1946 | 962 |
| 1964 | 1705 |
| 1971 | 1483 |
| 2006 | 695 |
| 2015 | 669 |
Geographical location
Saalow is around 22 kilometers as the crow flies south of the Berlin city limits. It borders in the north on Horstfelde (district of the city of Zossen ) and Zossen itself, in the east on Mellensee , in the south on Rehagen and Kummersdorf-Alexanderdorf and in the west on Gadsdorf , both districts of the municipality Am Mellensee . The district covers 889 hectares.
The west of the district is largely wooded and in the Saalower Höllenberg it reaches a height of 69.5 m. In the south, the Schneidegraben touches the district. At the northern edge of the district, the Saalower Graben drains to the silting Hechtsee .
The actual core of Saalow has retained the original village shape, a " Rundling " or "Rundplatzdorf" relatively well. In the meantime, however, the village also has roads to the west and east. In addition, the place has expanded far to the west (towards the former barracks area) and also to the east.
history
Saalow was first mentioned in a document relatively late in 1541. However, due to the regional history and especially the village structure (Rundling), the place is much older. He should already in the 12./13. Century.
The basic form of the place name can no longer be safely deduced due to the very late documentary mention. An appellative basic form could be Slavic Žal- "grave place, cemetery". A derivation from a pet form Žal- a personal name Žaliměr (from žaliti to be sad, to complain) would also be conceivable.
At the time of the first mention, Saalow belonged to the Zossen office, which had emerged from the former rule of Zossen . According to the inheritance register of the Zossen office from 1583, the village had 15 hooves "since time immemorial" , which were cultivated by 14 farmers. The Lehnschulze farmed two hooves, the other farmers one hoof each. The hooves measured 17 acres of 62 square rods , which corresponds to about 7.3 hectares according to today's measurements. Four kossas , who owned up to six acres of fields, resided in the village. A jug is mentioned for the first time in 1745 . In 1755 the tailor was also a schoolmaster in Saalow. In 1801 the village had 25 fireplaces. In 1840 the village already had 38 houses. In 1860 there were already 51 residential buildings, three public buildings and 73 farm buildings, including a flour mill. In 1931 66 residential buildings were counted. In 1945, 79 hectares that belonged to the Wehrmacht treasury were expropriated and divided up. The first Type III agricultural production cooperative was founded as early as 1953 , which was later dissolved and re-established in 1958. In 1961 it had 99 members and cultivated 481 hectares of usable land. There was also a Type I LPG with eight members in 1961 and 30 hectares of usable space. This was deleted in 1968.
The Zossen office, to which Saalow belonged at the time of the first documentary mention, went up around 1600 in the Teltow district . The Vogtei Trebbin , the former rule Wusterhausen-Teupitz and the Zossen office were designated as the administrative district within the enlarged Teltow district (in contrast to the old Teltow district, which was also called Hoher Teltow or the main district). In 1952, as part of the district and district reform, Saalow became part of the new Zossen district , which had been formed from parts of the old Teltow district and the Luckenwalde district. In 1990 the Zossen district was renamed the Zossen district and in 1993, in the course of the district reform after the political change in East Germany, it was merged with the Jüterbog and Luckenwalde districts to form the new Teltow-Fläming district.
Population development (source up to 1971: historical local dictionary)
Lapwing from Saalow
Alongside Hans Clauert von Trebbin, Kiebitz von Saalow was another Brandenburg rogue whose "jokes" with the somewhat simple-minded "Schillische Bure" were, however, much more crude. According to legend, the old village of Saalow should originally have stood east of the Saalow trench. The "Schillische Bure" originally lived there, and after the old village burned down, they rebuilt the new Saalow on the site of today's Rundling. Today's Saalow has long since expanded over the Saalow Graben to the place where the old Saalow is said to have stood. To the north of this new settlement between the L 79 and the Saalow-Graben lie the Schillesche Stück, a now almost forgotten field name and means settlement. Hohmann found Slavic and early German ceramic remains at this point. Hohmann now speculates whether in the saga of the Kiebitz von Saalow and the Schillesche Bure the memory of the old Slavic-early German village could have been preserved.
One of his more harmless "pranks" was the story of the ox on the church wall. During a drought, the grass in the fields withered and the cattle went hungry. Only grass still grew on the high churchyard wall. Kiebitz made the proposal to the Schillischen to bring the cattle to the church wall and let them graze there. He suggested that the ox of Schulzen should go first. The ox was pulled up against the wall by a strong rope and a winch. Once at the top, the ox stuck out his tongue and Lapwing rejoiced: look, he's already licking his tongue at the grass. But when the ox reached the top of the wall, he stretched out all four of his feet and was dead. The Schillis now noticed that they had been fooled by Lapwing. They wanted to punish him for it, but Kiebitz was able to convince them that he wanted to repair the damage. He put the dead ox on a narrow cart so that it looked as if the ox was standing in it. With the ox in the wagon, Kiebitz drove to Zossen and offered the ox for sale to a butcher. He wanted to convince himself first that the ox had also put on a lot of meat and fat and hit the animal with a stick. The ox fell over and Lapwing now accused the butcher of having killed the animal. The butcher was shocked by the "sudden" death of the animal. He didn't want any trouble and paid him well for the ox. Kiebitz came back to Saalow with the money and showed him the bag with the money, he would have gotten that much for the dead ox. Thereupon the Schillische Boers killed their ox and wanted to sell them with the same scam. But nobody wanted to buy their dead oxen. Then they realized that they had been teased by Lapwing again. The story is similar to the story of the Schwarzenbörner who sent their oxen to graze on the city wall.
The other stories with Kiebitz's grandmother and the flock of sheep that Kiebitz “appropriated” have a certain similarity to the story of little and big Klaus by Hans Christian Andersen .
Church organization
Saalow does not have its own church and has always been churched in Zossen.
Attractions
The architectural monuments in Saalow are recorded in the list of architectural monuments in Am Mellensee . Only the windmills are singled out here, some of which are known nationwide.
- Windmills from Saalow: There are two windmills in the Saalow district, the Saalow barn windmill and a Paltrock windmill . The barn windmill is unique in the world and has made Saalow famous beyond the region. However, it was not originally built for and in Saalow, but comes from Podemus , now a suburb of Dresden. After the mill became dilapidated in 1974, the building was demolished and the individual parts of the mill were stored. From 1992 to 1993 the reconstruction took place in Saalow. The mill can be visited in summer and attracts many visitors. The Saalower Paltrockmühle did not originally come from Saalow either and was not originally a Paltrockmühle. It was built as a post mill in Berlin in the middle of the 18th century, and was brought to Saalow in 1903 and rebuilt there. It was only converted into a Paltrockmühle in 1937 and was in operation until 1971.
- The district is rich in archaeological monuments. Specifically, you can find a settlement from the Stone Age, four settlements from prehistory and early history, two settlements from the Bronze Age, a burial ground from the Iron Age, a settlement from the Roman Imperial Age, a settlement from the Slavic Middle Ages and a settlement from the German Middle Ages.
- At the hospital cemetery at Horstweg rest 331 soldiers of the German Wehrmacht and 702 refugees who died in the Second World War or as a consequence.
Hiking trails
Several international, national and regional hiking trails lead through Saalow: the European long-distance hiking trail E10 , the 66-lakes regional park route , the Fontaneweg F4 , the Saalower Mühlenwanderweg and the Saalower Höllenbergweg, which leads to the approximately 70 m high Höllenberg .
Economy and Infrastructure
"Saalow Herb Pig"
A farm sells the “Saalow herb pig”, whose meat is a specialty. It is characterized by its special taste, low fat content and high protein content. The pigs live conventionally in factory farming and receive feed that is produced on their own farm. The feed contains a large number of different herbs, such as chamomile, poppy flowers, cornflowers, but also grasses such as wind stalks, wild oats and brines. The meat is marketed regionally in order to keep the transport routes short and to bring the products fresh to the consumer.
Nursing home Saalow
In 1936, a barracks area was laid out west of Saalow, into which an air force blocking balloon unit first moved. In 1940 it was converted into a medical personnel training department. Until the end of the war the facility was also used as a hospital. 1,033 German soldiers and refugees who died here after the end of the war rest in the nearby cemetery. At last there were 38 barracks here. Shortly after the end of the war, some barracks were destroyed. The remaining 22 barracks were used as accommodation for resettlers from 1946. An infirmary was added from 1947. In 1948 it became the "Feierabendheim Saalow". In 1953, the Saalow nursing home was created, which from 1954 on was known as the “Nursing Home Friendship”. From 1956 to 1958 some massive buildings were erected. Up to 1200 old people and people in need of care were accommodated in the nursing home. In 1990 there were around 600 people who lived there under extremely poor conditions. In 1990 the then Prime Minister of the GDR Lothar de Maizière visited the nursing home to find out about the grievances. In 2003 the barracks were demolished. Today the "Seniors Care Facility Saalower Berg" of the German Red Cross, the day care facility Saalower Berg and the Seniors Club Saalow are located here.
Personalities
The father of Johann Gottfried Schadow , sculptor and graphic artist, creator of the Quadriga on the Brandenburg Gate, was born in Saalow . He first became a tailor in Zossen and later moved to Berlin, where Johann Gottfried was born as the oldest son.
literature
- Walter Eichwede: From the military hospital to the nursing home. Local calendar of the district of Zossen, 1965: pp. 73–78, Zossen 1965.
- Lieselott Enders and Margot Beck: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part IV. Teltow. 395 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor Weimar, 1976
- Gerhard Schlimpert: Brandenburg name book part 3 The place names of the Teltow. 368 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972.
- Wilhelm Spatz: The Teltow. Part T. 3., History of the localities in the Teltow district. 384 pp., Berlin, Rohde, 1912.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Main statutes of the municipality Am Mellensee of October 21, 2009 PDF ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Fourth law for the state-wide municipal area reform concerning the districts Havelland, Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming
- ↑ a b c d Enders & Beck (1976: pp. 241–242)
- ↑ Schlimpert (1972: p. 158)
- ↑ a b Ernst Kirsch: The Mark Eulenspiegel Hans Clauert von Trebbin. 45 p., Berlin, Rohde, 1924
- ↑ Christa Jankowiak and Johannes Jankowiak: Brandenburg - Not just sand and heather. 236 p., Berlin, Stapp Verlag 2009 ISBN 978 3 87776 573 9
- ↑ Karl Hohmann: The Schillischen and similar Wüstungsnamen in Teltow. Märkische Heimat special issue 2: 72–85, 1962.
- ↑ Hans Günther Bickert: The ox on the city wall. “Schwarzenbörner pranks” and other stories from the knüll. Tectum Verlag Marburg, 2011 ISBN 978-3-8288-2670-0
- ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg, district of Teltow-Fläming PDF ( Memento of the original from May 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Saalow Herb Pigs ( Memento of the original from November 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
annotation
- ↑ When looking at the story, however, one should bear in mind that Saalow has no church at all and probably never had a church, because the village was always churched after Zossen.
