Schönerlinde
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Schönerlinde
municipality Wandlitz
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| Height : | 58 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 11.54 km² | |
| Residents : | 1070 (Sep 30, 2013) | |
| Population density : | 93 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | October 26, 2003 | |
| Postal code : | 16348 | |
| Area code : | 030 | |
Location of Schönerlinde in Brandenburg |
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Schönerlinde is a district of the Wandlitz community with about 1000 inhabitants, which was first mentioned in the 13th century. The municipality belongs to the district of Barnim in the state of Brandenburg . Until 2003, Schönerlinde was an independent municipality within the Wandlitz office . In the Wandlitz district of Schönerlinde, 1070 inhabitants live on 11.54 km² , which corresponds to a population density of 92.8 inhabitants per km².
geography
Geographical location
Schönerlinde is located on the western part of the Barnim plateau, the so-called Niederbarnim . The highest point at 64.9 meters above sea level is a hill on the eastern border with the city of Berlin, the former sewage fields of the Buch forest there . The lowest point at 48.1 meters above sea level is on a ditch near the Schönerlinder ponds and the Berlin ring . The height of the town center at the church is about 58 meters above sea level.
Neighboring places
The location of the street village Schönerlinde on the former Bernauer Heerstraße is about 350 meters north of the Berlin city limits directly on the federal road 109 (B 109) and east of the railway line, on the regional train line RB 27, also called Heidekrautbahn , operates. Schönerlinde has developed in an east-west direction on both sides of the main road, so that the road connection from Berlin to Prenzlau (since 1990 B 109), which was created later and runs in north-south direction , on the east side of the town towards west onto Dorfstraße was swiveled in and led north through the former buildings behind the church. Adjacent communities are in the south and east the city of Berlin with the district Pankow and in the west the community Mühlenbecker Land with the district Mühlenbeck . The northern border to the neighboring Wandlitz district of Schönwalde runs through the closed development on the southern edge of Schönwalde.
Natural space
The place Schönerlinde is surrounded by fields and meadows. There are no forest areas. The Wandlitz district also has no natural lakes. The only water areas are a few ditches and the Schönerlinder fish ponds . These ponds, originally created for economic use on the western boundary of the municipality, are a nature reserve ( "NSG Schönerlinder Teiche" ). Large parts of the previously agriculturally used areas west of the village are used by the sewage treatment plant-Nord operated by Berlin and an industrial area that was created after 1990 . Immediately behind it in a westerly direction, the natural area is cut up by the federal motorways 10 and 114 , which meet in the Schönerlinder area at the Pankow motorway triangle . To the east, Schönerlinde borders on the forest area of the Bucher Forest , a reforestation area of former sewage fields of the city of Berlin, which were no longer required as irrigation areas after the sewage treatment plant in Schönerlinde was built.
history
Time of the Electorate of Brandenburg
The first written mention of Schönerlinde comes from the year 1242, when the place Schönerlind with other villages by the margrave Otto III. and Johann I was given to the former Lehnin monastery in exchange for possessions on the "hanging mountain" near Fürstenwalde . According to information in a later document, the margraves reserved the Bede as well as the carriage and army service. Literally it says in the document of 1242:
“We wish that it is documented now and in the future that we have sold our beloved von Lehnin brothers: The village with the names Arenssee and Tribusdorf (Arendsee and Tribelsdorf) with the lake called Loziliz (Lottsche) and all of its Properties for 162 marks. We sold the villages of Bredewisch and Wandelitz and half of the village of Stolzenhagen with its properties to the aforementioned brothers von Lehnin for 150 marks. We exchanged them for the possessions that said von Lehnin brothers received through the gift of our father Albrecht, Margrave of Brandenburg, on the mountain called the hanging mountain: Nipenhof, Wolterstorp, Closterveld, Schönerlind, whose borders are stretching between Buckholtz and the equally named village as far as Santhforth, with everything that goes with it. For 5 heaps of salt that they (the von Lehnin brothers) had at customs in Brandenburg, we exchanged 20 hooves with all rights in Bredewisch with the said brothers at Lehnin. So that this remains approved and unalterable for the future, and with it the enumerated goods, which the above mentioned brothers von Lehnin now have in full right and full freedom, from all rights of our bailiffs and bailiffs, as well as from the right called the army, and should be exempt from everything and every service, we believe that we should affirm it by adhering to our seal, in which we add the faithful testimony of spiritual and secular persons, whose names are Ruthger, Bishop of Brandenburg, Dietrich, Vogt von Spandau and many other."
The Cistercian monks built a farmyard on the old Bernauer Heerstraße between Blankenfelde and Eberswalde to manage the 33 Hufen land they had acquired , the Alte Hof or Altenhof , which was first mentioned in 1357, north-west of Schönerlinde on the border with today's Schönwalde. After the Reformation, the village of Schönerlinde was subordinated to the Mühlenbeck office in 1542 . The old court fell to the elector along with the other monastery properties. The rural character of the village was retained, but ownership changed frequently.
After the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) Schönerlinde was badly affected. The old farm seemed to have been given up. On the former arable land there were pine trees up to the vicinity of the village. The Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm endeavored to promote peasantry in the Mark Brandenburg after the war, among other things by resettling Dutch farmers. From 1652, Schönerlinde was subject to the Oranienburg office with jurisdiction and all rights , which the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich Wilhelm had assigned to his Dutch wife Luise Henriette von Oranien . The city of Bötzow had already been renamed Oranienburg , as did the Amt Bötzow as Amt Oranienburg. On part of the former monastery hooves one was Vorwerk built for sheep farming.
Time of the Kingdom of Prussia
Under Elector Friedrich III, who from 1701 as Friedrich I carried the title of King in Prussia , the cultivation of potatoes was introduced after poor grain harvests. This was enforced under threat of severe penalties for not planting. Schönerlinde mainly supplied Charlottenburg and the Berlin area with its agricultural products. How important agriculture was for the income of the Schönerlinder in the 18th century is proven by records of a hailstorm on July 15, 1755, which destroyed two thirds of the harvest, and a subsequent drought. The residents must ask the king for compensation. Of the total damage of 2,299 thalers, however, only 327 thalers were reimbursed by royal order.
After a major fire had destroyed several Schönerlinde farms in 1738, during the French occupation under Napoleon on the night of August 23rd to 24th, 1810, the largest fire disaster in the history of the village occurred. When a gang of thieves set fire to the rectory, all farms west of the church, including the school built in 1792, were destroyed. Four people died and 47 families lost their homes. Despite this stroke of fate, from which the village did not recover for a long time, in 1812 Schönerlinde had to deliver food for the French army that was going on the Russian campaign and was plundered for nine days by returning marauders .
Around 1830, the road from Berlin to Prenzlau was laid out by Schönerlinde. The Vorwerk Lindenhof, which at that time still belonged to the Schönerlinde area, was built on it in 1831 . The economy slowly recovered from the fire disaster and the occupation, with the proximity to Berlin being an advantage. Every farmer had his milk tenant who brought fresh milk, butter, eggs, bread, potatoes and other things directly into the city to the consumers every day. The population rose to around 500 by the middle of the 19th century. After the wars of Prussia in 1864 , 1866 and 1870/71 , remembering the memorial plaques for the fallen in the church, the warrior and rifle club was founded in Schönerlinde as in other places.
Time of the German Empire
In the period from 1892 to 1910, the landowners of the village sold most of their land to the Berlin magistrate for trickle purposes . The price, which was initially 450 marks per acre , later rose to 1,500 marks. Parts of the forest area bordering on Schönerlinde to the east, the Schönwalder Forest and the Bucher Forest , also fell victim to the city's need for wastewater treatment. These areas have been partially reforested since the end of the 20th century, but still, after 1920 also administratively , in the possession of the city of Berlin. The reason for the sales is also assumed to be the lack of farm workers that occurred at the end of the 19th century, as many Schönerlinder found more adequate work in the factories that were being built in the capital.
Berlin had not only acquired property within the later city expansion, but also large parts of the municipality. The Schönerlinde estate was built on them from 1909 to 1910 by the Berlin magistrate . It was built on Mühlenbecker Chaussee to the west, which was built in 1907 , after the newly constructed Bucher Chaussee had improved the traffic connection between the town and the east from 1905 to 1906 .
During the First World War , 33 Schönerlinde residents lost their lives at the front (including four missing persons). The congregation placed a memorial near the church for them. In the following period of inflation , many former farmers in the area lost their, in some cases considerable, monetary assets that they had acquired by selling their lands to Berlin. In the interwar period there were political disputes between Communists and National Socialists , who founded a local branch of the NSDAP in Schönerlinde in October 1929 . In the 1930s there was enough money to renovate and expand the community center at the end of Blankenfelder Weg (1935) and to build a new fire station (1936).
During the Second World War , a flak position was built east of Schönerlinde on Hobrechtsfelder Weg , the ruins of which can still be found in the field near a wood. On January 17, 1943, British night bombers dropped incendiary bombs over the village, burning down three barns and a stable. During an American daytime attack on April 23, 1944, a piece of land on the road to Schönwalde was hit and burned down. Many residents of the place fled in January and February 1945 before the invasion of the Red Army . They returned from late 1945 to 1946. How many Schönerlinder died in World War II is not known.
Time of the German Democratic Republic
During the Soviet occupation after the end of the war, 226.5 hectares of land in Schönerlinde were expropriated and distributed. The currency reform of 1948 (exchange rate 10: 1) brought renewed asset losses. Many of the local former farmers preferred to go to West Germany . The farmers spared by the land reform and the new farmers benefited from it merged in the 1950s to form agricultural production cooperatives (LPG). The initially three LPG with a total of 102 members on 632 hectares of farmed area were merged into one in 1965. It was connected to LPG Stolzenhagen in 1985 , which in turn received a new headquarters in Klosterfelde .
The place has had a railway connection since 1966 . This year, the Schönerlinde stop was inaugurated on the newly created connection from Schönwalde to Berlin-Blankenburg (later Berlin-Karow ). The route was used to divert traffic now across East Berlin territory from the previous route between Basdorf and Berlin-Wilhelmsruh on the Berlin Northern Railway through West Berlin . Passenger traffic via Schönerlinde, initially operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and later by Deutsche Bahn , has been provided by Niederbarnimer Eisenbahn AG (NEB) since the late 1990s . The fact that the newer route to Berlin-Karow is being driven to Berlin-Wilhelmsruh instead of the old one, which is in need of structural renovation, is something that Schönerlinde can claim as a profit from the division of Germany .
At the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s, a location for a new sewage treatment plant was sought in Berlin, which would replace the outdated trickling of sewage in fields. The negotiations with Schönerlinde that began in 1980 led to the construction of the Berlin-Nord sewage treatment plant in the municipality, the first stage of which was put into operation in 1985. At the same time, apartment blocks were built next to Mühlenbecker Straße to accommodate the waterworkers. The sewage fields in the Berlin urban area between Schönerlinde, Berlin-Buch and Hobrechtsfelde were then reforested.
Time of the Federal Republic of Germany
When the districts of the GDR were dissolved and the state of Brandenburg was founded on October 3, 1990, Schönerlinde was an independent municipality in the Bernau district . Economic restructuring began for the place. The LPG was dissolved. Some farmers went into business again. About 1/3 of the total demarcation of the place, however, belonged to the Berlin urban goods . A 56 hectare industrial area has been designated on part of the area between the railway line and the Berlin motorway ring. In the summer of 1992, the Nelskamp roof tile factory, which is still producing there, was the first company to settle there .
The administrative tasks have been carried out since July 1, 1992 by the Wandlitz office within the Barnim district . With the conversion of the office to the municipality of Wandlitz by state law on October 26, 2003, the town of Schönerlinde lost its independence. The former community has since been part of the large community of Wandlitz. On June 16, 2005, a constitutional complaint by all municipalities belonging to the office against the municipal reorganization before the constitutional court of the state of Brandenburg was rejected.
The new mixed area Am Bärwinkel was developed in the 2000s to revitalize the infrastructure and secure population numbers and is now being marketed. The residential buildings around Mühlenbecker Straße owned by Berlin are to be sold, for which an appraisal was drawn up in 2009.
| year | 1850 | 1990 | 1992 | 1994 | 1996 | 1998 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
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| Residents | about 500 | 975 | 1,052 | 1,027 | 1,038 | 969 | 898 | 863 | 833 | 860 | 972 | 938 | 964 | 1,016 | 1,028 | 1,061 | 1,085 | 1,113 | 1,084 |
politics
Mayor
Frank List (member of the SPD ) has been the mayor since 2006 . He was re-elected in 2008, 2014 and 2019. He acts as a mediator between the affairs of the district and the Wandlitz municipal administration and is also a member there.
Local advisory board
The local advisory board , consisting of five people, has an advisory role for the local council of Wandlitz with regard to the decisions of the board that affect the Schönerlinde district. Some of the representatives of the local council are also community representatives. The elections in 2014 had the following results:
| Party / candidate | Share of votes (in percent) |
Seats |
|---|---|---|
| SPD | 53.3 | 3 |
| The left | 18.6 | 1 |
| Free community of Wandlitz | 18.4 | 1 |
Every first Monday of the month between 4 p.m. and 6 p.m., the mayor holds citizens' consultations in the Schönerlinder Chaussee 40 building.
Culture and sights
Associations and cultural institutions
- Fire Brigade Association Schönerlinde eV
- Schönerlinde Hunting Association
- Fishing club
- Settlers Association
Regular events
Traditional celebrations of the volunteer fire brigade, a linden blossom festival , a Walpurgis Night and performances by music groups are among the regular cultural events in the town. In 2008 there was the first Schönerlinder flea market , which attracted numerous visitors.
Village green
Like almost all settlements that have emerged as street villages, Schönerlinde has a village green . This is - not very noticeable - in the middle of the village, on the southern edge of which the federal road 109 passes. On June 26, 2011, the redesign of the historic area around the church, financed by the community with 156,000 euros, was completed. As an eye-catcher in the village green , a fountain made of three granite steles was created , which was sponsored by a local construction company . A circular area has been paved with natural stones around it. Benches made of brushed metal invite you to linger and a wall made of gabions has been erected against the traffic . To complete it, bushes and flower beds were added. The corresponding road section was repaired at the same time.
Architectural and ground monuments
church
- Evangelical Church Schönerlinde
It is a late Gothic church building that was built on a solid field stone substructure on the Anger. The catholic church from the 14th century was enlarged in the 15th century by the sacristy , which is designed with a well-preserved tracery gable . After the Reformation , the community became Protestant.
It has belonged to the Protestant church district of Berlin Northeast since the 1990s. After the fall of the Wall, the church was able to be extensively renovated inside and outside with the support and in consultation with the Foundation for Monument Protection . The wide west tower is finished with a copper-covered canopy. The nave is a hall with arched church windows, which were only used in the 18th century. The choir on the east side of the building is rectangular. In the 19th century, the entire roof structure had to be renewed. Inside there is a restored organ with a white and gold decorated prospect .
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
Schönerlinde has a stop on the regional train line 27, the so-called Heidekrautbahn , which is owned by Niederbarnimer Eisenbahn AG . There is a direct connection south to Berlin-Karow. The route leads north to Groß Schönebeck on the edge of the Schorfheide and Wensickendorf or Schmachtenhagen .
The local area is accessed by the 891 bus.
The section of the B109 leading through the village is called Berliner Allee and Schönerlinder Chaussee . At the church, the state road 305 goes from the federal road in the direction of Mühlenbeck, first referred to as Schönerlinder Dorfstraße , then as Mühlenbecker Straße .
Public facilities
- Schönerlinde volunteer fire brigade (founded 1903)
education
From 1792 to 1973 there was a school in Schönerlinde. A new school building was erected several times: in 1792, then after the major fire in 1810 and again from 1850 to 1852 due to a lack of space in the old school building. After the Schönerlinder School closed in 1973, elementary school students went to school in neighboring Schönwalde. In the large community founded in 2001, school-age children in the district attend the schools in Basdorf and Klosterfelde and the grammar school in Wandlitz.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Georg Friedrich Schmidt (1712–1775), painter, engraver and etcher
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Community Schönerlinde (ed.): Schönerlinder Chronik 1242-1992 . 750 years of Schönerlinde. Graphics & typesetting studio AFG, Bernau 1992, p. 1/2 .
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany , see 2003
- ↑ a b c Annual report of the Wandlitz community, 2008
- ↑ Official Journal for the municipality of Wandlitz, Volume 10, Issue 11 from July 19, 2014, p. 15.
- ↑ Official result of the 2014 municipal elections in the Wandlitz community , accessed on August 10, 2014.
- ↑ Wandlitz compact , edition 22, 2020/2021, p. 17.
- ^ Associations in the community of Wandlitz / OT Schönerlinde ( Memento from August 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ); accessed on August 10, 2014.
- ↑ "At the well in front of the gate". Newly designed village green inaugurated in Schönerlinde. In: Official Gazette for the municipality of Wandlitz, No. 8/2011, p. 28.
- ↑ Address, picture, affiliation
- ↑ Churches in Schönerlinde and Schönwalde at www.denkmalschutz.de , accessed on February 25, 2018.
- ↑ Music in churches: picture and announcement of a concert in the Schönerlinder church , accessed on February 25, 2018.
Basdorf | Klosterfelde | Lanke | Prenden | Schönerlinde | Schönwalde | Stolzenhagen | Wandlitz | Zerpenschleuse