Niederbarnim district

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The district area 1905

The district of Niederbarnim , until 1939 Niederbarnim district , until the 19th century also called Niederbarnimscher district , was a district in Brandenburg until 1952 . The designation Niederbarnim was first mentioned in 1412 and designated from 1451 (division of Barnim into "Hohen Barnim" (Oberbarnim) and "Niederbarnim") to 1952 a regional administrative unit.

The district comprised almost the entire area around Berlin north of the Spree. Until Greater Berlin was founded on October 1, 1920, numerous parts of Berlin today belonged to this district. Its counterpart on the southern side of the Spree was the district of Teltow . Both districts profited to an extreme degree from the suburbanization of the capital, which is squeezed into narrow city limits. The communities bordering Berlin grew from villages to suburbs with a five-digit population in just a few years. In contrast to many of the communities in the Teltow district, the Niederbarnimer suburbs were predominantly inhabited by workers and had low tax revenues.

With the exception of the municipalities that were dissolved in Greater Berlin in 1920, the former district area still belongs to Brandenburg today, primarily to the districts of Oberhavel and Barnim . The town of Altlandsberg , the municipalities of Fredersdorf-Vogelsdorf , Hoppegarten , Neuenhagen , Petershagen / Eggersdorf and Rüdersdorf as well as the municipality of Rehfelde are part of the new district of Märkisch-Oderland . The southern area up to the Spree with the city of Erkner as well as the municipalities of Schöneiche , Woltersdorf and Grünheide are part of the Oder-Spree district .

Administrative history

Prussia

In the post-medieval period, the Margraviate of Brandenburg was divided into circles . One of these historical circles was the Niederbarnimsche district or county Niederbarnim . Until the French era , the city of Berlin was also included in the Niederbarnim district.

In the course of the Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions, the district (excluding the city of Berlin) became part of the administrative district of Potsdam in the province of Brandenburg . In the administrative district of Potsdam a district reform took place with effect from April 1, 1817, through which the Niederbarnim district was enlarged by several places:

The district 's district office remained in the Nieder-Barnimer district building in Berlin NW 40 on Friedrich-Karl-Ufer  5.

Some places in the district bordering on Berlin belonged to the administrative district of Berlin until January 1, 1822 , which was dissolved on that day. The entire district was now part of the Potsdam administrative district .

On January 1, 1861, the places Moabit (6500 inhabitants) as well as Wedding and Gesundbrunnen (together around 10,000 inhabitants) were incorporated into Berlin.

April 1, 1908, the city was Lichtenberg that the on November 15, 1907 city charter had received the independent city collected and separated so out of the loop Niederbarnim. At that time, Lichtenberg already had around 68,000 inhabitants and grew to 145,000 over the next twelve years.

On April 1, 1912, the rural community Boxhagen-Rummelsburg was incorporated into the town of Lichtenberg from the Niederbarnim district. This changed its name to Berlin- Lichtenberg in the same year .

Greater Berlin Act

On October 1st, 1920, 29 rural communities and 14 manor and forest districts of the district were incorporated into the newly formed urban districts of Berlin with the "Greater Berlin" law (communities over 1000 inhabitants with 1919 population):

The districts of Reinickendorf, Pankow, Weißensee and Lichtenberg emerged entirely from parts of the former Niederbarnimer area. The area of ​​the districts of Köpenick and Treptow previously belonged predominantly to the district of Teltow, which von Friedrichshain - apart from Stralau - had previously belonged to Berlin.

Republic and National Socialism

On September 30, 1929 , a regional reform took place in the Niederbarnim district in line with developments in the rest of Prussia , in which almost all previously independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

The district office was to be relocated to Bernau in 1938 ; however, it remained in Berlin until the end of the war .

On January 1, 1939 resulted circle Niederbarnim the term in accordance with the rich now unified control district .

The Niederbarnim district included on January 1, 1945

GDR

The law on the amendment to improve the district and municipal boundaries of April 28, 1950 brought extensive changes to the area on July 1, 1950:

With the "Law on the further democratization of the structure and functioning of the state organs in the state of Brandenburg" of July 25, 1952, the Niederbarnim district was dissolved and divided into the newly created districts of Oranienburg , Bernau and Strausberg .

Population development

year Residents source
1750 0 018,854 1
1800 0 032,550 1
1816 033,846
1846 066,719
1871 088,654
1890 188.297
1900 293.025
1910 445.265
1925 138,783
1933 180.941
1939 232.106
1946 222.992
1Without Berlin; with Berlin 108,377 (1750) and 204,673 (1800) inhabitants

Local constitution

The Niederbarnim district was divided into cities, rural communities and - until their almost complete dissolution in 1929 - manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia , Brandenburg, Pomerania , Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .

District administrators

cities and communes

Status 1945

In 1945 the following towns and communities belonged to the Niederbarnim district:

In 1945 there were also the four forest estate districts Barnimer Heide, Oranienburger Heide, Rüdersdorfer Heide and Schorfheide.

Communities dissolved before 1945

In addition to the incorporation into Berlin under the Greater Berlin Act, other communities in the Niederbarnim district lost their independence by 1945:

Name changes

  • Dalldorf was renamed Wittenau on October 6, 1905 .
  • Kalkberge was renamed Rüdersdorf near Berlin on July 21, 1934 .
  • Petershagen (Ostbahn) was the earlier name of Petershagen near Berlin
  • Werlsee was renamed Grünheide (Mark) on July 16, 1934 .
  • The Berlin suburbs Friedrichsfelde, Heinersdorf, Hermsdorf, Hohenschönhausen, Lichtenberg, Niederschönhausen, Oberschöneweide, Pankow, Rosenthal, Reinickendorf and Treptow were given the suffix "Berlin-" in 1912. The French Buchholz community was renamed Berlin-Buchholz.

literature

  • Contributions to the history of mining in the province of Brandenburg , Hermann Cramer, Halle 1872–1889, Volume 5, Reprint, (facsimile), ISBN 978-3-88372-004-3 , Potsdam 2011.
  • Calendar for the Niederbarnim district , Wilhelm Möller, Oranienburg 1914–1942 (articles on history, on the country and its people, as well as current reports; digital copies ).

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Niederbarnim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Niederbarnim  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ingo Materna, Wolfgang Ribbe (ed.): Brandenburg history . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-05-002508-5 , Boundaries and Administrative Structure, p. 32 ff . ( Digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  2. ^ A b c Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg . tape 2 . Friedrich Maurer, Berlin 1805, chap. Niederbarnim district, S. 142 ff . ( Digitized version ).
  3. ^ Anton Friedrich Büsching: Earth description . tape 8 . Bohn, Hamburg 1791 ( digitized version ).
  4. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam . District division of the administrative district of Potsdam. tape 1816 , no. 12 . Potsdam, S. 103 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  5. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam . Entry into force of the new district division of the administrative district of Potsdam. tape 1817 , no. 7 . Potsdam, S. 51 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  6. ^ Federal Statistical Office: Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states. Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7
  7. ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative district of Potsdam, p. 197 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  8. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. S. 313 ( digitized version ).
  9. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Province of Brandenburg and their population in 1871
  10. ↑ a b c d e f Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Niederbarnim district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  11. ↑ 1946 census