Great Tornowsee
| Great Tornowsee | ||
|---|---|---|
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| View of the north bank with Tornow | ||
| Geographical location | Germany , Brandenburg , Märkische Schweiz | |
| Tributaries | none | |
| Drain | Dig to Stobber → Friedländer Strom → Alte Oder → Hohensaaten-Friedrichsthaler Wasserstraße → Oder → Baltic Sea | |
| Places on the shore | Tornow | |
| Location close to the shore | Buckow ; nearby village: Pritzhagen | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 52 ° 34 '39 " N , 14 ° 6' 9" E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 20.7 m above sea level NHN | |
| surface | 10 ha | |
| Maximum depth | 11.0 m | |
The Große Tornowsee is a 10.3 hectare lake in the Märkische Schweiz nature park on the boundary of the village of Pritzhagen, a district of the municipality of Oberbarnim in the Märkisch-Oderland district of Brandenburg .
The natural, eutrophic body of water is located northeast of Buckow , the capital of Märkische Schweiz , in the transition area between the southeastern Barnimhang and the Stobberniederung . Just 250 meters to the west, but 17 meters higher on a tertiary floe , follows the Kleine Tornowsee . In the Natura 2000 network , the lakes are part of the FFH area "Tornowseen-Pritzhagener Berge". The former Gut Tornow estate is located on the north bank of the lake, which is otherwise surrounded by forest . Here, among other things, the “Schule am Tornowsee”, an institution of the State of Brandenburg with a special educational focus on emotional and social development or autism , is housed today .
geography
Geographical location, traffic and route connections
The Große Tornowsee is located in the southeast corner of the Pritzhagens district , the village itself is about one kilometer to the north. The Stobber flows about 250 meters below the south bank and circles the lake in a half curve to the north, also on its east bank. Above the northeastern tip of the lake follows the Pritzhagener Mühle on the Stobber, where a fish pass was created in 1994 as a gently sloping ramp with field stone structures as part of a large-scale renaturation project. The fish that want to migrate upstream into the lakes of the Buckower Kessel have been able to overcome the 1.40 meter high barrage again. Mentioned for the first time in 1375 and rebuilt in 1650 after its destruction in the Thirty Years' War, the mill was licensed by the king in 1827 and is considered the oldest restaurant in Märkische Schweiz. The Stobber also forms the boundary, the area south and east of the river belongs to Buckow . The old Pritzhagener mill is already on Buckower, while the restaurant is still on Pritzhagener territory.
In the road network , the lake and the mill can only be reached via a spur road that leads from the lake via the village center of Pritzhagen north to state road 34 . The state road connects Pritzhagen across the Märkische Schweiz nature park to the west via Bollersdorf to the federal highway 168 and to the northeast via Reichenberg , Ringenwalde and Karlsdorf to the federal highway 167 near Altfriedland . The Märkische Schweiz A930 excursion line travels to the village of Pritzhagen by public transport on both weekends and public holidays from the Strausberg and Seelow train stations . Hiking trails lead in all directions, including the European long-distance hiking trail E11 on a direct route through the Stobbertal to Buckow or in the opposite direction to Neuhardenberg . In addition, the lake is passed by the Oberbarnimer Feldstein route .
geomorphology
The lake lies on the edge of the Buckower Kessel, part of the Buckower Rinne (also: Löcknitz - Stobber -Rinne ). The glacial melt gutter has in the last two phases of the Weichselian glacial between that of dead ice -filled or break and the Berliner Urstromtal (today Spreetal) emerged and separates the Barnimplatte of the Lebuser plate . The roughly 30-kilometer-long and two to six-kilometer-wide channel drains from the Rotes Luch moorland and headwaters via Stobberbach / Löcknitz to the southwest to the Spree and across the Stobber to the northeast to the Oder .
The southeastern Barnimhang is formed as a compression moraine in the area of the Tornowseen , which during the Saale-age ice advances due to a sometimes strong compression (disturbance) of the older sediments in the Barnim subsoil between the Freienwalder Heights (also known as the Wriezener Höhe) , which are still particularly high today . and the Buckower cauldron was created. In addition to older ice age deposits, large areas of material from the Tertiary were pressed into the compression moraines. The neighboring Kleine Tornowsee (36.7 m above sea level ) is only 250 meters away from the Great Lake, 17 meters higher on such a tertiary floe . The area, which is comparatively high in relief by Brandenburg standards, is criss-crossed by deep valleys. The throats, a specialty of Märkische Schweiz, are ravines cut by meltwater into the southern Barnim slopes, such as the Wolfsschlucht , which have increased in size due to erosion in the gradually warmer climate and are now dry. Above the Großer Tornowsee, the Silberkehle ( see below for the name ) extends to below the Dachsberg (106 m above sea level), which is followed to the northwest by the Krugberg , at 129 meters the highest point in Märkische Schweiz. The waters of the Buckow Kessel, including the central 137-hectare Schermützelsee , were created as typical dead ponds by the melting of dead ice and the sagging of the sediment material above . Between the south bank of the lake, which stretches from west to east, and the Stobberniederung, the terrain rises again up to the 49-meter-high Ziegenhals. The narrow east bank, on the other hand, is almost at the same level as the river, which describes a north loop around the lake. A drainage ditch leads from the east bank through marshy terrain, which flows into the Stobber just below the Pritzhagener Mühle.
Conservation of nature, flora and fauna
Natura 2000, FFH area, European bird sanctuary
The Great Tornowsee is part of the coherent European ecological network of special protection areas Natura 2000 . Among the ten FFH areas of the Märkische Schweiz nature park for the preservation of natural habitats and wild animals and plants, it is assigned to the FFH area "Tornowseen-Pritzhagener Berge". The profile of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) contains the following description for the 682 hectare area under number 3450-306:
"Richly structured compression terminal moraine complex with pronounced notch valleys formed in historical forest clearing periods , the dystrophic Small and the eutrophic Great Tornowsee, natural deciduous mixed forests and the natural Sophienfließ ."
On the basis of the Council Directive of April 2, 1979 on the conservation of wild birds, the body of water also belongs to the European bird sanctuary "Märkische Schweiz", which has its most distinctive sector in the transition area between the Stobbertal and the Oderbruch in the European bird sanctuary Altfriedländer Teich- und Seengebiet . Without including it, the specially designated Stobbertal nature reserve borders on the south, east and partly on the north shore of the lake.
Plants and plant communities
Among the habitat types, the FFH profile lists the following plant and forest communities : Gorge and mixed slope forests (Code 9180; Tilio-Acerion ), alder-ash and softwood alluvial forests (91E0), bedstraw- oak-hornbeam forests (9170, Galio-Carpinetum ) , Star chickweed oak and hornbeam forests (9160; Stellario-Carpinetum ) and running waters with flooding aquatic vegetation (3260). The Silberkehle has a particularly high proportion of red beech . The richly textured deciduous forest further characterize stalk and sessile oaks , beeches and black locust and the wetter sites elm -, maple and linden species . According to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV) in Germany , liverworts , yellow anemones , brook herb , meadow primrose and large-flowered balsam can be found on the ground . The rich stocks of dead wood play a special role in ecology . In the bark , in wood , in Baummulm in tree hollows and in special structures such as juice rivers , ant nests or burns communities arise from animals and plants , many of which on dead wood dependent and on the Red List of the extinction are represented endangered species.
Animals
Roe deer, wild boar and foxes roam the forests as well as raccoon dogs and the neozoa raccoons and minks increasingly since the 2000s . Among the mammals to be protected , the FFH profile lists the otter and the pug bat . Both animals are, according to the Red List in Brandenburg to the endangered species . The Julianenhof Bat Museum to the northeast of the lake provides information about the protection of the rich bat populations in the nature park . In amphibians - Biocenosis the occurrence takes the Northern crested newt a special significance. The newt from the order of the tailed amphibian is strictly protected under the Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG) and the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive also lists it in Appendix II as a species to be strictly protected , for which specially protected areas must be designated. In Brandenburg it is considered endangered .
The FFH fact sheet also lists the European Loach on the Red List Germany as two highly endangered , in Brandenburg in category 3 endangered is classified. In the Great Tornowsee there are also eels that are declining according to the Brandenburg Red List . Occasionally catfish ( early warning level ) and pike also live in the water. The main species of fish are carp , bream , gustern , perch , roach , rudd , tench and bleak . The lake is angling waters and is looked after by the Märkisch Oderland eV district anglers' association (Strausberg area).
history
First mentions and etymology
As far as is known, the waters were mentioned for the first time in 1300 in a document, which is contained in the regest of the Margraves of Brandenburg from the Ascan family, edited by Hermann Krabbo and Georg Winter and reissued in 1955 . In this document from November 19, 1300, in which Margrave Albrecht III. ( Co-regent ) the Cistercian - Kloster Friedland its total ownership confirmed , it says: [...] item stagna apud prouesthagen iacencia, scilicet magnum et Tornow Tornow paruum; [...]. The lakes were therefore owned by the monastery in the High Middle Ages and at the beginning of the modern era - up to the secularization of 1540/46 - and remained largely in the possession of the subsequent rule of Friedland in the following centuries. The prouesthagen mentioned in the document is the old name of Pritzhagen .
In 1804 there was an entry as kl. Tornowsee, great Tornow . The Brandenburg name book refers the name to the old Polish basic form Tornov- = lake, place where the thorn bush grows to torn = thorn, thorn bush .
Tornow
→ Main article: Tornow
The Tornow residential area in Pritzhagen on the north shore of the lake today consists of around ten buildings. In 1863 Theodor Fontane mentioned a Tornow house here as a graceful villa or Swiss house ( see below ). In 1908 Wilhelm von Oppen had a mansion built right next to the old villa, which was demolished in the 1960s due to its dilapidation . In the GDR era , the property was used as a children's home. In the 1980s there were several documented cases of physical child abuse in this special children's home called “Wilhelm Pieck” . Today, the "Schule am Tornowsee" school is located on the area, which has now been divided into two parts, an institution of the State of Brandenburg with a special educational focus on emotional and social development or autism . The mansion, on the other hand, was converted and expanded by a psycho-social agency from Berlin into the Tornow am See guest house, in which the agency carries out work training and rehabilitation measures for people with mental illnesses, among other things .
The Great Tornowsee near Fontane
Theodor Fontane dedicated the chapter The Large and Small Tornow Lakes to the lakes and their surroundings in the walks through the Mark Brandenburg (Volume 2, Oderland, 1863) . After his way through Bollersdorf, Pritzhagen and past the small lake, he reaches the Silberkehle, which got its poetic name from the fact that on both slopes, where the earth stripped of moss and humus becomes visible, a wall of mica sand emerges. This mica sand flashes and glitters like silver and lies so firmly on it that it is possible to cut names and figures into it as if in sandstone. After the Silberkehle, which has the character of a mountain gorge , the lake lies before him:
“A villa, a Swiss house, rises on the banks of the large Tornowsee. The builder, in homage to the place where he built the graceful building, gave it the name "Haus Tornow". That sounds good. There is silence all around. It is a place for rest and tranquility, and who would not long for it! Pictures adorn the rooms of the villa and wine and flowers climb up the wall and portico. But the most beautiful view that »Haus Tornow« affords is still that of the lake. A boat is ready and carries us over it, light and smooth. Because no treacherous powers rule here. From the depths of the "little Tornow" a hand, perhaps a voice, could pull us down, but the water of the great Tornow, which is falling in a thousand drops from our oar, sparkles in all the colors of light. A flock of pigeons flashes through the air and a deer emerges from the forest and looks after us. It knows it can. "
After a paragraph, Fontane closes the chapter with the much-quoted sentence:
"Peace" is the watchword at the great Tornowsee. "
See also
literature
- Theodor Fontane : The large and small Tornow lake. In: Walks through the Mark Brandenburg in 8 volumes. Volume 2 Oderland . Gotthard Erler , Rudolf Mingau (eds.), Aufbau-Verlag , Berlin 1997 ISBN 3-7466-5702-4 , pp. 111-114 ( chapter The large and small Tornow lakes in the text log ).
- Dierk Heerwagen: Out and about in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park. The most beautiful hiking and cycling tours. Hendrik Bäßler Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-930388-21-9 .
- Topographic leisure map 1: 25,000 Märkische Schweiz. Ed .: Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg, Potsdam edition 2009, ISBN 978-3-7490-4070-4 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b BrandenburgViewer of the state survey and geographic base information Brandenburg (LGB)
- ↑ Fish science for the angler. F 09 KAV Märkisch Oderland, Strausberg water area. ( Memento from August 21, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b Anglermap: Großer Tornowsee .
- ↑ Natural Park Märkische Switzerland: Fish Ladder Pritzhagener mill .
- ↑ Between fins and wings: 4) Pritzhagener Mühle. Flyer of the visitor center Drei Eichen , Buckow, undated (received 2011).
- ↑ Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB): By and bus train to the Oder-Spree lake district. ( Memento of the original from October 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 6.7 MB)
- ↑ Claus Dalchow, Joachim Kiesel: The Oder reaches into the Elbe region - tension and predetermined breaking points between two river regions (PDF; 2.9 MB). In: Brandenburg Geoscientific Contributions , Ed .: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, Kleinmachnow Issue 1/2 2005, p. 81, ISSN 0947-1995 .
- ↑ a b c d LAG Märkische Schweiz e. V .: Natural area Märkische Schweiz.
- ↑ Werner Stackebrandt, Volker Manhenke (Ed.): Atlas for the geology of Brandenburg . State Office for Geosciences and Raw Materials Brandenburg (today: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, LBGR), 2nd edition, 142 pages, 43 maps, Kleinmachnow 2002, ISBN 3-9808157-0-6 .
- ↑ Nature Park Administration Märkische Schweiz: Origin of the landscape .
- ↑ a b c 3450-306 Tornowseen - Pritzhagener Berge. (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved November 21, 2017.
- ^ Ministry for the Environment, Health and Consumer Protection, Land Brandenburg (Ed.): Nature Park Märkische Schweiz . Section: Cultural landscape meets wilderness . August 2010 (Flyer).
- ^ Dierk Heerwagen: Out and about in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park. ... p. 11
- ↑ Jürgen Klawitter, Rainer Altenkamp u. a .: Red list and total species list of mammals (Mammalia) from Berlin. (PDF; 203 kB) Processing status: December 2003. In: The State Commissioner for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management / Senate Department for Urban Development (ed.): Red lists of endangered plants and animals in Berlin . P. 6. Note: The Berlin list also contains the information for Brandenburg.
- ↑ Andreas Krone (Ed.): Der Kammolch (Triturus cristatus). Dissemination, Biology and Protection. RANA special issue 4, Rangsdorf 2001, ISBN 3-9807627-4-2 .
- ↑ Klaus-Detlef Kühnel, Andreas Krone, Axel Biehler: Red list and total species list of amphibians and reptiles of Berlin. ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 146 kB) As of December 2003. In: The State Commissioner for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management / Senate Department for Urban Development (ed.): Red lists of endangered plants and animals in Berlin. Note: The Berlin list also contains the information for Brandenburg.
- ↑ [1] ( ZIP ; 510 kB). Red List of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation 2009ff. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
- ↑ Entire species list and red list of fish and lampreys (Pisces et Cyclostomata) from Berlin: p. 87 – p. 91 in Fish in Berlin - Balance of Species Diversity ", published by the Fisheries Office Berlin
- ↑ The certificate is also contained in the Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis and can be viewed on the Internet, see: Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, first main part, Volume XII, Berlin 1857, p. 413
- ↑ Brandenburg name book. Part 10: The names of the waters of Brandenburg. Founded by Gerhard Schlimpert , edited by Reinhard E. Fischer . Edited by K. Gutschmidt, H. Schmidt, T. Witkowski. Berlin contributions to name research on behalf of the Humanities Center for the History and Culture of East Central Europe. Böhlau, Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-7400-1001-0 , pp. 289f; the certificate number at Krabbo / Winter is 1797.
- ^ Theodor Fontane, p. 114.
