White lake (Buckow)

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White lake
Weisser See (Buckow) 01.jpg
View from the southeast bank to the northwest
Geographical location Märkische Schweiz , Brandenburg , Germany
Drain Graben → Schermützelsee → Werderfließ → Buckowsee → Stobber → Friedländer Strom → Alte Oder → Hohensaaten-Friedrichsthaler Wasserstraße → Oder
Data
Coordinates 52 ° 33 '38 "  N , 14 ° 3' 50"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 33 '38 "  N , 14 ° 3' 50"  E
Weißer See (Buckow) (Brandenburg)
White lake (Buckow)
Altitude above sea level 26.5  m above sea level NN
surface 6 ha
length 450 mdep1
width 210 mdep1
Maximum depth 3.5 m
Schermützelsee 27.jpg
Map of the Buckow terrain health resort network with the lake

The White Lake is a 5.8 hectare lake in Buckow in the Brandenburg district of Märkisch-Oderland . The body of water, which is almost completely surrounded by forest and quarries, is located, separated by a narrow strip of land, right next to the southeast bay of the Schermützelsee , the 137 hectare largest body of water in Märkische Schweiz in the center of the nature park of the same name around 50 kilometers east of Berlin . The White Lake drains through a ditch into the Schermützelsee and thus through the Stobber into the Oder . There is an unguarded, public swimming area by the lake.

Location, surroundings and paths

With a maximum width of around 210 meters, the White Lake stretches for around 450 meters from northwest to southeast. Located at a height of around 27 meters, the wooded area over the east bank rises to around 50 meters. On the north bank, the water turns into a quarry forest . The south bank and most of the narrow Werder between the west bank and the Schermützelsee also characterize breaks. In the northern part, a small hill called Love Island rises between the lakes , which forms a light plateau at the top and is also covered with trees on the slope to the west bank of the White Lake.

The water can only be reached on foot or by bike via a hiking trail. The path leads along the east bank and has a short branch that ends at the level of Love Island. The trail is part of the European long-distance hiking trail E11 , the circular trail around the Schermützelsee and the terrain spa network of the Kneipp spa town of Buckow. There are two parking spaces directly on the way for the hike to the White Lake: in the north at the end of Bertolt-Brecht-Straße at the Brecht-Weigel-Haus shortly before the bridge of the Werder river , which drains the Schermützelsee into the Buckowsee (around 10 minutes on foot) . In the south west of the Abendrothsee on the street Fischerberg next to the Landesstraße 34 , Buckow's main street, which in this section is called Berliner Straße (about 3 minutes walk).

Geology, geography and hydrology

Buckower cauldron and formation

The White Lake is located in the Buckower Kessel, a basin-like extension of the Stobbertal. The valley is part of a glacial meltwater channel that formed in the last two phases of the Vistula Ice Age between the dead ice- filled Oderbruch and the Berlin glacial valley (today's Spreetal) and separates the Barnimplatte from the Lebuser Platte . This approximately 30 kilometers long and two to six kilometers wide Buckower Rinne (also: Löcknitz-Stobber-Rinne ) drains from the low moor and headwaters area Rotes Luch via the Stobber to the northeast to the Oder and via Stobberbach / Löcknitz to the southwest to the Spree .

View from the southeast bank to the southwest

According to current accounts, the strains and tensions of the last glaciation and the thawing glaciers in the subsurface of the Buckower Kessel left numerous smaller incursions. The lower basins filled with gradually rising groundwater and formed several lakes, including the White Lake, Schermützelsee and Buckowsee. Other representations attribute the formation of the lakes in the Buckower Rinne to the thawing of blocks of dead ice . After thawing, voids were created in the blocks that had been separated and buried by the glacier ice, which filled with water after their collapse. A water-ecological study by the Technical University of Cottbus , Chair of Water Protection, from 2003 classified the Schermützelsee as a Toteiskesselsee (Toteisaustauhohlform). Friedrich Solger , professor of geology at Berlin's Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in the 1920s , after analyzing the interglacial deposits, however, came to the conclusion that the basin of the Weisser See, like that of the Schermützelsee, must have existed before the last glaciation and was open attributed to a form of invasion in Urstobbertal.

Feed and drain

There are no tributaries to the White Lake. This means that the body of water like the Schermützelsee is mainly fed by groundwater . The White Lake receives an additional water supply from the northern quarry forest, which is probably also groundwater-fed and seamlessly merges into the water. The dead straight course of the approximately 50 meter long drainage ditch to the Schermützelsee suggests that the ditch was created artificially. This is also supported by the fact that Friedrich Solger did not draw a connection between the two lakes in his diagrams for the formation of the Buckower Kessel. In addition, the water level of the lakes was still one to one and a half meters lower than today in the Slavic times, around a thousand years ago, so that the lakes were originally further apart.

Town property and fishing waters

While other lakes of the Buckower Kessel like the Griepensee , Abendrothsee and Schwarze See are under the administration of BVVG Bodenverwertungs- und -verwaltungs GmbH , a company of the Federal Republic of Germany for the administration, leasing and sale of agricultural and forestry areas in the area of ​​the new Federal states , stand, the White Lake is owned by the city of Buckow. The city ​​has given the fishing rights to the Brandenburg State Anglers' Association, which is responsible for the maintenance and care, the fish stocking and for nature and environmental protection on and around the lake. The lake has been approved for fishing and is used by the Märkisch-Oderland e. V. (Strausberg area).

Flora and fauna

Animals

Quarry forest on the north bank

The fish fauna determine perch , roach , tench and rudd as well as other white fish . Also represented are the eels that are declining according to the Brandenburg Red List and, rather rarely, catfish . At the top of the food chain of the lake rob some pike . Ducks and walnuts swim on the lake . Numerous other water birds live in the partly pronounced reed belt .

The swamp forests provide habitat for around 150 species of insects, including 75 species of butterflies. From the family of weevils falls due to its distinctive snout ( rostrum of) Erlenrüssler (alders shrikes, Cryptorrhynchus lapathi on). In the cold season, the woody cones of the female flowers of the winter resident black alder , which form three brown, flattened, solitary nut fruits per scale, are the most important source of food for many bird species. These include siskins and goldfinches . Through the woods roam deer , wild boar and foxes and increasingly since the 2000s and raccoon dogs and invasive species raccoons and mink .

plants

The forests in the dry hillside areas are predominantly pine-covered . In the permanent fen soils of the quarries, which ensure a medium to good supply of nutrients , black alder trees dominate , which can cope with the high humidity and, thanks to their adventitious roots, also fluctuating water levels. In the abundantly developed ground plants, large sedge such as sour grasses and water lizards predominate. In addition, there are occasional nightshades , swamp irises and shield ferns . While mosses are rarely found, there are various types of large mushrooms in the wetlands - the most persistent are the alder schillerporlings .

history

Buckow was originally a Slavic foundation - until about the middle of the 13th century there was a Slavic settlement directly on the east bank of the Buckowsess . After the German East Settlement , the place, first mentioned in writing in 1249, developed slightly offset to the north between Buckowsee and Griepensee.

Slavic refuge on the island of love

Love Island Plateau

A Slavic refugee castle is said to have stood on the Liebesinsel, the hill between the Weißen See and Schermützelsee . It was probably located on the western slope of the Höhe, because stakes, bones and pottery shards were found in the adjacent water of the Schermützelsee, which was lower in the Slavic era. 80 piles, some of which can be seen from a rowboat, are still in the water today. In 2009 the castle was reproduced on a 1: 100 scale. The model was exhibited in the Buckower Heimatstube . The name of the lake at that time and whether it was also called White Lake by the Slavs is not known.

First mentions and naming

The lake is mentioned for the first time under the name Album stagnum ( White Lake ) in a document from the Friedland nunnery. In the document of November 19, 1300, the abbot Johannes of the Lehnin monastery and brother Wilhelm, prior of the Dominican monastery Cölln , testified to a document in which the Ascanian margrave Albrecht III. ( Co-regent ) certified the possession of the Cistercian women. Adolph Friedrich Riedel signed the document in the Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis : Margrave Albrecht confirms the town of Friedland and all its possessions to the nunnery in Friedland. The passage to the Buckower Lakes reads:

  • Item stagnum apud Bucow, quod dicitur Gryben; Item stagnum Bucow dictum; Item stagnum apud Bucow, quod dicitur schermitzel; Item album stagnum; [...]. (Translation: Also the lake near Buckow called Griepensee; also the lake called Buckow [Buckowsee]; also the lake near Buckow called Schermützelsee; also the White Lake; [...].)

In the Middle Ages , like the Schermützelsee, the lake was owned by the Cistercian women of the monastery. The local researcher Rudolf Schmidt stated in 1928 that the album stagnum recorded in the certificate was the White Lake located in the Hermersdorf area in the Lebus district . This representation was rejected by Max Krügel in 1951 and the Brandenburg name book also assigns the monastic White Lake to Buckow. The name book lists light, shiny water as a general motif for the common name Weißer See . Possibly the name was also chosen to differentiate it from the Black Lake , which is about one kilometer to the east .

From Hasenholz to Buckow

View from the southeast bank of the Werder with the love island (hill on the left in the picture)

It is unclear whether and when the White Lake was removed from the monastery property or from the subsequent rule of Friedland before the secularization in the middle of the 16th century . It is certain that in the 19th and 20th centuries the lake belonged to today's Buckow district of Hasenholz . The rule Hasenholz, which was temporarily separated from the rule Buckow, also included the southern part of the Schermützelsee and the area west of the Buckowsee with today's spa park area around Ferdinandshöhe and the Karowsche Mühle (later VEB Mühlenwerk Buckow ) on the Stobber. The village of Hasenholz, first mentioned in the land register of Charles IV in 1375 , which is around 900 meters west of the Schermützelsee, was, like Buckow, part of the Pfuelenland . In 1571, Hasenholz passed to the von Flemming family in Buckow . The lake probably came to these families in the 16th century and got there in the 18th and 19th centuries. Century after the separation between estates and communities as a result of the peasant liberation and Stein-Hardenberg reforms to the then independent community of Hasenholz.

Since 1922 the town of Buckow had endeavored to buy these lakes and parts of the banks from the Hasenholzers. In 1922 alone, the city submitted three unsuccessful applications for the incorporation of the southern part of the Schermützelsee, which belongs to Hasenholz, to Buckow. On August 22, 1929, the Hasenholzer gave up and the area with the White Lake came to Buckow: Buckow bought the Schermützel and Weißer See areas with adjacent areas. Reclassification is approved if the tax loss is reimbursed. On June 17, 1930, the formal incorporation into Buckow took place. During the GDR period , 1959, the remainder of Hasenholz was also incorporated into Buckow.

See also

literature

  • Brandenburg name book. Part 10: The names of the waters of Brandenburg. Founded by Gerhard Schlimpert , edited by Reinhard E. Fischer . Edited by K. Gutschmidt, H. Schmidt, T. Witkowski. Berlin contributions to name research on behalf of the Humanities Center for the History and Culture of East Central Europe. Böhlau, Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-7400-1001-0 .
  • "Fuhrmann Chronicle" = E. Fuhrmann: Walks through Märkische Schweiz in words and pictures . E. Fuhrmann's Verlag, Buckow Märkische Schweiz 1928. (Reprint with supplementary parts in: Buckow. Märkische Schweiz. Reprint of the Fuhrmann chronicle from 1928. Ed .: City of Buckow with the Kneipp and Heimatverein Märkische Schweiz eV, Buckow 1997.)
  • Walk through the centuries. Insights into 750 years of Buckower history. Brochure accompanying the exhibition, the history of the city and the renovation of the old town. Ed .: Tourist Office Märkische Schweiz u. a., Buckow 2003.
  • Dierk Heerwagen: Out and about in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park. The most beautiful hiking and cycling tours. Hendrik Bäßler Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-930388-21-9 .
  • Max Krügel: Buckow in the country of Lebus. Verlag Karl Salomon, Berlin-Neukölln 1957. Note: The font was printed in 1957 with an edition of only 800 copies. Parts of the script appeared in the Buckower Nachrichten in the 2000s . Information sheet from the city of Buckow. reproduced - see information and links in the individual references.
  • Friedrich Solger: The emergence of the Buckower landscape . In: Yearbook for Brandenburg State History (PDF file; 17.44 MB) . Published on behalf of the Landesgeschichtliche Vereinigung für die Mark Brandenburg e. V. by Martin Henning and Heinz Gebhardt. Volume 5 ( Hoppe-Jahrbuch ), Berlin 1954, pp. 81-86.

Web links

Commons : Weißer See  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information on the register of waters. (PDF; 952 kB) In: Der Märkische Angler, 2/2008. P. 10. Water body no .: F 09-148.
  2. ↑ a b c Brandenburg-Viewer, digital topographic maps 1: 10,000 (click on the menu).
  3. ↑ a b c Anglermap. White Lake fact sheet.
  4. ^ Märkische Schweiz: circular route and panorama route.
  5. ↑ outdooractive: The panorama path around the Schermützelsee near Buckow.
  6. ↑ Claus Dalchow, Joachim Kiesel: The Oder reaches into the Elbe area - tension and predetermined breaking points between two river areas . (PDF; 2.9 MB) In: Brandenburg Geoscientific Contributions , Ed .: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, Kleinmachnow Issue 1/2 2005, p. 81, ISSN  0947-1995 .
  7. ↑ Natural area Märkische Schweiz . LAG Märkische Schweiz e. V.
  8. ↑ A walk through the centuries , p. 5.
  9. ^ Märkische Schweiz Nature Park: Origin of the landscape.
  10. ↑ Brigitte Nixdorf, Mike Hemm u. a .: Documentation of the condition and development of the most important lakes in Germany (PDF; 1.9 MB). S. 112. The documentation refers to: Jürgen Marcinek u. a .: On the formation and development of the water network in Brandenburg. In: Contributions to the applied aquatic ecology of Northern Germany , Volume 2: The lakes in Brandenburg . Verlag Natur + Text, Rangsdorf 1996, ISBN 3-9807-6272-6 , pp. 7-21.
  11. ^ Humboldt University Berlin: biography, Friedrich Solger .
  12. ^ Friedrich Solger: The emergence of the Buckower landscape . Pp. 83, 86.
  13. ^ Friedrich Solger: The emergence of the Buckower landscape . P. 82.
  14. ↑ a b Refuge on the island of love. In: Märkische Oderzeitung (MOZ), May 13, 2009.
  15. ↑ Landtag Brandenburg, printed matter 5/3497 (PDF; 371 kB) 5th electoral period. Answer of the state government to the major question No. 10 of the parliamentary group of the FDP, printed matter 5/2832, fishing and fish farming in Brandenburg. July 2011. See Table IV, No. 29
  16. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Buckower Nachrichten. Information sheet from the city of Buckow. Issue 10/2004, October 30, 2004. P. 1. (PDF; 493 kB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.kurstadt-buckow.de
  17. ↑ Entire species list and red list of fish and lampreys (Pisces et Cyclostomata) from Berlin: p. 87 – p. 91 in Fish in Berlin - Balance of Species Diversity ", published by the Fisheries Office Berlin
  18. ↑ a b Information boards on the Gummiweg, Buckower See: The Black Alder Break . No copyright information, no date; as of 2013.
  19. ^ Dierk Heerwagen: Out and about in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park. P. 11
  20. ↑ A walk through the centuries , p. 9., see map.
  21. ^ Buckower News. Information sheet from the city of Buckow. Issue 4/2009, May 2, 2009. p. 1.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.0 MB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.kurstadt-buckow.de  
  22. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, first main part, Volume XII, Berlin 1857, p. 413.
  23. ↑ Rudolf Schmidt : Die Herrschaft Friedland: News on the history of Old and New Riedland, God's gift, Carlsdorf, Kleinbarnim, Grube, Sietzing, Wuschewier, Lüdersdorf, Biesdorf, Gersdorf, Batzlow, Ringenwalde, Bollersdorf, Pritzhagen, Cunersdorf, Burgwall, Metzdorf, Horst , Wubrigsberg ; Oberbarnimer Heimatbücher, 7; ed. from the district committee Oberbarnim, Bad Freienwalde (Oder) 1928. p. 2. Note: The Hermersdorfer White Lake is located in the Hermersdorfer Forest in the Stobbertal southwest of the Eichendorfer Mühle and east of the Mühlenfließ, which drains the Großer Klobichsee into the Stobber.
  24. ^ Max Krügel: Buckow in prehistoric times. In: Yearbook for Brandenburg State History (PDF file; 14.02 MB) . Published on behalf of the Landesgeschichtliche Vereinigung für die Mark Brandenburg e. V. by Martin Henning and Heinz Gebhardt. Volume 2, Berlin 1951, p. 47.
  25. ↑ Brandenburg name book. Part 10. The names of the waters of Brandenburg , p. 302.
  26. ↑ a b c Chronicle of Hasenholz . Recorded by Joachim Kafka and compiled from the protocol and cash books of the municipality of Hasenholz from 1885 to 1955.
  27. ^ Leopold von Ledebur: Adelslexikon der Prussischen Monarchy . Rauh, 1856, p. 196.
  28. ^ Max Krügel: Buckow in the country of Lebus. Excerpt from: Buckower Nachrichten. Information sheet from the city of Buckow. Edition 09/2006, September 30, 2006. p. 6.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 626 kB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.kurstadt-buckow.de