Horst (Westphalian noble family)

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Later coat of arms of those von der Horst

Von der Horst is the name of a Westphalian nobility from the Essen monastery , which in later centuries split into numerous branch lines and thus spread on the Lower Rhine and in the Principality of Osnabrück .

It is to be differentiated from the Hanoverian postal aristocracy “ von der Horst ”, which also lived in the Prince Diocese of Osnabrück.

Headquarters

The name is derived from the old Saxon word "hurst" for scrub or the old high German word "Horst" for the name of a coppice . The family appears for the first time in a document with Ruthger de Hurst in 1142. With Gyselbertus de Horst, miles (knight) , documented in 1234, a certain family line begins .

The question of the ancestral seat of the noble family Horst suggests - following the oldest mentions - two places: Horst on the Emscher and Horst on the Ruhr . Although there is no clear evidence, some aspects speak in favor of Haus Horst an der Ruhr. The flood-safe area around today's Essen-Horst , high above the Ruhr, was settled early on. The story of Steele, only a few kilometers away, goes for example. B. back to the 9th century: This place was first mentioned in a document as early as 840. In 938 the second German King and later Roman Emperor Otto I the Great held a court day there, which is why a memorial chapel was built in the 11th century - one of the predecessor buildings of today's Steeler parish church .

Since 955 Horst belonged to the Essen monastery with Steele and the Freisenbruch farmers . This peasantry is mentioned in 1047 in a register of the monastery Werden . A second branch of the Hellweg ran through the village to a ford over the Ruhr (the original Hellweg led via Schonnebeck and through the farmers of Kray-Leithe. Both paths were still used side by side centuries later). House Horst may have been created in connection with this trade route, which suggests that the castle complex was founded early.

Horst an der Emscher, on the other hand, was at a ford through the river on the way from Essen via Buer to Recklinghausen - in terms of traffic, it was a secondary connection compared to Hellweg. The location directly on the river in the swampy lowlands also made agriculture impossible. Nevertheless, on an island between two arms of the Emscher, there was already a farmstead in the 11th century, which has been proven by excavations and the small amount of equipment found suggests a certain level of prosperity for the residents. From this upscale courtyard, dendrologically proven, an initially wooden castle did not grow until the 13th century.

But not only the older age and the more important traffic situation point to Horst an der Ruhr as the headquarters. There is also a religious aspect. The above-mentioned parish church in Essen Steele, which dates back to the 11th century, bears the patronage of St. Lawrence . Its veneration spread in Germany after King Otto I's victory against the Hungarians in the battle on the Lechfeld , which took place on Laurentius Day, August 10, 955. The legends surrounding this saint were certainly known to the Lords of the Horst, who lived just under four kilometers from Steele. In one of these stories is Hippolytus mentioned as a jailer of Lawrence. According to legend, this Hippolytus was converted to the Christian faith by Laurentius in prison and therefore executed as a martyr himself . It was precisely this Hippolytus who became the parish patron of the castle chapel of Horst an der Emscher (a very rare patronage in Germany; the Horster parish church of St. Hippolytus still carries it today). The conclusion is that the new lord of Haus Horst an der Emscher chose a saint to be the patron of his church, whom he knew from the environment of his “home saint” from Haus Horst an der Ruhr, which could make another argument for itself, To be ancestral seat of the family "von der Horst".

history

It was Gerhard von der Horst, who in the late 12th century - probably at the instigation of Essen pen - the original farmstead to a wooden under embankment of a mound Motte allowed to expand, possibly to the limits of the pen territory to secure and the pen hearing yards to protect. This also included the supervision of the wilderness in the Emscherbruch and the right to catch the Emscherbruch horses. This early castle complex has been extensively researched through excavations. After a fire, the hill was raised in 1210 and the wood structure was replaced by a stone house with a curtain wall; in the 15th century the complex was expanded to a moated castle.

Heinrich von Horst is mentioned in 1280 as Drost of the Counts of Berg . In 1282 his brother Hugo is occupied as marshal of the Essen princess Berta von Arnsberg . Probably there is a relationship with the hereditary corpses of the Essen monastery, the Lords of Altendorf , whose castle, which has been preserved to this day, resembled the stone complex at Horst. From 1363 onwards, the Lords of the Horst are also mentioned in documents as feudal men of the Counts of Kleve . For a long time, they were able to maintain the independence of their headquarters against the claims to power of the neighboring Cologne Archdiocese . However, since they had assumed jurisdiction over the parishes of Gladbeck and Buer , which belonged to the territory of the Electorate of Cologne, the Archbishop of Cologne, Friedrich von Saar Werden , initiated a lawsuit against the Horster Ritter in 1410/11, as a result of which the family submitted to the archbishopric in 1412 had to. Rütger von der Horst took the oath of allegiance to the Archbishop of Cologne, which resulted in the integration of the formerly independent rule in the archbishop's Vest Recklinghausen . In return, he received the rule back as an Electoral Cologne fiefdom .

Horst Castle (reconstruction of the castle during the Renaissance)

In 1547, Rütger von der Horst inherited the now dilapidated castle, which burned down in 1554. He then had a splendid Renaissance castle built in its place until the 1570s. He held the office of marshal under six Cologne electors ; Archbishop Salentin von Isenburg appointed him shortly before his abdication as governor of Cologne in Vest Recklinghausen. His heiress Margaret brought Schloss Horst in 1582 to the family of Loë to Palsterkamp, in the next generation, it fell in 1607 to Messrs von der Recke .

One line of the family had drawn to the Lower Rhine , where the Horst house near Giesenkirchen was in their possession. 1338 was Hermann von der Horst this Cologne Archbishop Walram of Jülich to feud on. In documents from the 14th century, the family also appears as the owner of Haus Horst in Essen , which the Lords von der Horst as ministerials of the Essen monastery had built at that time instead of an older farm. The branch there died out around 1400. The Lower Rhine line was later divided into a branch in the Kurkölner area and a line in the Duchy of Kleve . The Klevian Hereditary Marshal Wilhelm von der Horst, who was enfeoffed with Haus Horst near Giesenkirchen in 1492, was the last of his line; the property fell through his heir to the von Palant family and in the next generation to the von Dorth family.

Part of the family had early on in the county of Vechta settled. In 1180 they owned Hinckamp Castle on the Haase. From there it spread to the Diocese of Osnabrück . Hinckamp Castle initially remained the headquarters before it was sold around 1400. Since then, the family with Schloss Haldem had their focus in the diocese of Minden . There she still had several goods in the 19th century, including Hollwinkel Castle , which the Prussian Minister of State Julius August von der Horst had acquired in 1776. After his death, the family split into an older line to Hollwinkel and Ellerburg and a younger line. After the sale of Haldem, Hollwinkel has become the family headquarters to this day. Haus Ellerburg was sold in the 1990s.

Individual family members now live in parts of South and East Westphalia. Through the adoption of Berthold von Eichel gen. Streiber on 30 August 1974 and the earlier line will be continued to Hollwinkel under the name of Horst.

Elevation of rank

  • Prussian recognition of the baron class on May 11, 1844 in Potsdam for all descendants of Julius August von der Horst (1723–1791), royal Prussian real secret minister of state, landlord on Haldem , Steinlacke , Hollwinkel and others.
  • Prussian name association with that of the "von Neumann" from the House of Auer as "Freiherr von der Horst von Neumann-Auer", linked to the property of Fideikommiss Auer ( East Prussia ) on February 18, 1881 in Berlin for the Prussian major z.D. Rudolf Freiherr von der Horst, married to Bertha von Neumann, raised to the Prussian nobility on April 4, 1863 in Berlin, Fideikommissherrin on Auer.

coat of arms

  • Oldest seal from 1273: a pot helmet with twelve peacock feathers on the partial line of a triangular shield .
  • The later family coat of arms is split from silver and red. On the helmet with red and silver covers, seven ostrich feathers , the right half silver, the left red. - Motto: "God-fearing and driest". - After spikes in the left half of the shield there is a slanted silver grid made of six bars.

Known family members

literature

  • Klaus Gonska, Dat Hueß zor Horst, Materials on Art and Cultural History in North and West Germany, Vol. 10, Marburg 1994, ISBN 3-89445-166-1 .
  • Herjo Frin, Von der Horst im Broich, in: Vestische Zeitschrift 86/87, 1987/88, pp. 55–222.
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility . Nobility Lexicon. Volume V, p. 369, Volume 84 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1984.
  • From the Horst . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 8 . Altenburg 1859, p. 549 ( zeno.org ).
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility. Nobility Lexicon. Volume V, p. 371, Volume 84 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1984.
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses for the year 1910. P. 351ff.
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses to the year 1902. S. 335ff.
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses for the year 1896. S. 436ff.

Web links

Commons : Horst (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gerhard Koelber: Old Saxon Dictionary: Letter H. 2013, accessed on February 27, 2018 (Assamese, German, English, Latin).
  2. ^ Osnabrück Cathedral Archives, at Möser III, No. 163
  3. ↑ Detlef Hopp : Haus Horst and the Vryburg . In: Kai Niederhöfer (Red.): Burgen AufRuhr. On the way to 100 castles, palaces and mansions in the Ruhr region , Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-8375-0234-3 , pp. 179–182.
  4. ↑ Hans-Werner Peine, Cornelia Kneppe: Haus Horst im Emscherbruch, in: Antiquities Commission for Westphalia (Hg), Early Castles in Westphalia, Issue 21, Münster 2004, ISSN 0939-4745, p. 10ff.
  5. ^ About the veneration of Laurentius because of the battle: Charles R. Bowlus: The battle of Lechfeld and its aftermath, August 955; the end of the age of migrations in the Latin West . Ashgate, Aldershot (Hampshire) and Burlington (Vermont) 2006, pp. 155 f . (German translation: The battle on the Lechfeld , September 2012).
  6. ^ Gustav Griese: Castle and Castle Horst. In: Gustav Griese (Ed.), Albert Weskamp (Ed.): Castles and palaces in Gelsenkirchen. 2nd Edition. Heimatbund Gelsenkirchen, Gelsenkirchen 1960, pp. 74-84.
  7. ↑ Hans-Werner Peine, Cornelia Kneppe: Horst House in Emscherbruch. City of Gelsenkirchen (= early castles in Westphalia . Volume 21). Antiquities Commission for Westphalia, Münster 2004, ISSN  0939-4745 ( online ).
  8. ^ A. Kracht: Burgen und Schlösser im Sauerland, Siegerland, Hellweg, Industriegebiet, 1976, p. 280.
  9. ↑ Cornelia Kneppe: Schloss Horst , in: Kai Niederhöfer (Red.): Burgen AufRuhr. On the way to 100 castles, palaces and mansions in the Ruhr region . Klartext, Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-8375-0234-3 , p. 211.
  10. ^ Haus Horst in Giesenkirchen, pp. 203 ff, web link
  11. ↑ Manfred Wolf: The manors in Haldem in the 16th and 17th centuries. Communications of the Mindener Geschichtsverein, year 57 (1985), pp. 27-44.
  12. ↑ From the Horst . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 8 . Altenburg 1859, p. 549 ( zeno.org ).
  13. ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility. Nobility Lexicon. Volume V, p. 369.
  14. ^ Max von Spießen : Book of arms of the Westphalian nobility. with drawings by Ad. M. Hildebrandt , p. 74, 1st volume, Görlitz 1901–1903 digitized