House Horst (Mönchengladbach)

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House Horst in Mönchengladbach-Giesenkirchen

Haus Horst is a water-defended former knight's seat in the Mönchengladbach district of Giesenkirchen and is only 1.7 kilometers as the crow flies from Liedberg Castle . The plant is since 4 December 1984 under monument protection . It is the ancestral seat of the Westphalian noble family of the same name, von der Horst, and used to be a state parliament . Because the historic manor house is now used as a private clinic, only the outer bailey is open to the public.

history

Horst is first mentioned in a document dated January 15, 1338. On that day wore Ritter Hermann von der Horst his "castrum meum dictumdy Hurst Situn prope Ledeberg" with the consent of his wife Margaretha for received 200  marks the Cologne Archbishop Walram of Jülich to feud on. The house, surrounded by moats , bodies of water and fisheries, together with the outer bailey and suburbium, became an open house of the Cologne archbishopric in the Liedberg district . Rabodo, probably Hermann's son, also granted the greatest Cologne competitor for power in this region, Count Adolf I von Kleve , the right to open his house for 240 gold shields on May 24, 1375  . Under Rabodo's son Hermann, Horst also became the open house of Johann II von Loon, Herr zu Jülich, Heinsberg and Löwenberg-Millen on December 21, 1399 .

Siege of Horst House in 1585, engraving by Frans Hogenberg

When another Rabodo von der Horst died shortly before 1484, there were inheritance disputes over the knight's seat. Rabodo's younger brother Johann, who was a monk in Siegburg Abbey , had renounced his inheritance in favor of Arnds von Wachtendonk , so that Arnd was appointed as a tenant in 1484. But another brother of Rabodos also made claims on Haus Horst: Wilhelm von der Horst, Klevian Hereditary Marshal , through his efforts finally succeeded in getting Archbishop Hermann IV enfeoffed him with the house on August 8, 1492. He was the last male offspring of the family at Haus Horst, because after his death on March 9, the property passed through his heir daughter Elisabeth to her husband Elbert von Palant . Via Elbert's younger son Werner, the system came to Werner's nephew Friedrich von Palant at Issum in March 1572 . During the Truchsessian War , the complex was briefly in the hands of supporters of the Elector Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg-Trauchburg, who had converted to Protestantism . For this reason, Ernst von Bayern had the house, which was fortified during the violent conflict , besieged from February 1585 and was able to take it on March 6th after the 150-strong castle crew had withdrawn .

Friedrich von Palant's daughter Maria Adriane married Johann von Dorth in 1609 and brought Horst to the family of her husband, who was appointed as a tenant on June 3rd. He had the old castle house completely redesigned in 1618. His son Werner Wilhelm was raised to the baron status in 1650 . Previously, in 1639, Horst had been granted the status of subordinate rule (see Horst (Kurköln) ) with its own jurisdiction . However, the Protestant family von Dorth was forbidden to introduce the Reformed faith in Horst. The permit for Protestant services was limited to the Horst house and its residents. After Wilhelm's death on April 13, 1693, his nephew Jacob Ludwig Zeno Friedrich succeeded him as the owner of Horst. His brother Johann Adrian Adolf von Dorth was Horst's last Protestant owner. He ceded the property to his younger son, Clemens Zeno , who had converted to Catholicism on January 26, 1746. When his father died in September 1747, Clemens Zeno had his mother Magdalena Katharina Judith von Neuhoff, called Ley, and his older brother Johann Adolf Sigismund expelled from the Horst house by force of arms. The mother, on the other hand, litigated before the Reich Chamber of Commerce and won the right, which, however, did not prevent the Cologne archbishopric from repeatedly enfeoffing Clemens Zeno - most recently in 1762 - with Horst. The fact that Clemens Zeno's mother lived at Haus Horst again in 1753 shows that the dispute was apparently settled amicably. In the period that followed, the family got so deeply in debt that Horst's house and estate were finally foreclosed . The buyer was Theodor von Hallberg on June 18, 1782 , who won the bid for 32,250  thalers . His enfeoffment on March 14, 1783 was shortly followed by the appointment to the count . Clemens Zeno's sons tried in vain to have the purchase canceled.

Haus Horst on a color lithograph from 1867

In the first half of the 19th century Haus Horst came into civil ownership. It came to the Kaufmanns through the Mumm family, of whom the captain a. D. Hugo Mundt acquired. In 1853 he had the manor house rebuilt according to plans by Ernst Friedrich Zwirner in the style of historicism, giving it its present-day appearance. The small inner courtyard received a roof made of glass and a surrounding gallery made of wood. In 1866 the plant was sold to Henry Cockerill from Burtscheid . Several changes of ownership followed until the then city of Rheydt became the owner in 1950. However, since the buildings were not in use, they gradually fell into disrepair before 10-year restoration work began in 1978 . In the course of this work, the main entrance was relocated from the west side to the rear east side and the outer bailey was redesigned for residential purposes. Then in 1988 a private clinic for psychiatry , psychotherapy and psychosomatics opened in the manor house .

description

Haus Horst is on the eastern city limits of Mönchengladbach, close to Liedberg Castle and the Liedberg district of Korschenbroich . It is located in an originally preserved agricultural location consisting of arable fields, park-like forests and pasture areas. The two-part complex consists of a manor house and a bailey to the west of it with former stables and a coach house . The entire area is surrounded by a wide moat, the water of which comes from the swamp measures of the open- cast brown coal mine . The moat is the only remnant of the former fortifications that surrounded the house in the early modern period and were later thoroughly razed .

The two-winged outer bailey has an L-shaped floor plan. Its main building dates from 1853. The most striking building is the two-storey gatehouse in the western wing, which dates back to the 17th century. In the triangular gable above its arched sandstone gate there used to be a coat of arms stone with an inscription, which has been cut down today. However, the two holes for the chains of the former drawbridge that led across the moat to the gate are still preserved .

The inner courtyard of the outer bailey is now largely taken up by an ornamental garden, which - framed by a neo-Gothic grille - lies exactly in the axis formed by the gate passage and the former main entrance of the manor house. Close by, on the north-west corner of the manor house ditch, which is now silted up, there is an eight-sided brick tower with narrow windows that are clad in stone . It dates from the 17th century. Its four floors are covered by a slate-covered , curved hood . To the north there is a chapel built in 1866, which is now used by the hospital administration.

The mansion in neo-Gothic and neo-renaissance style is a two-storey plastered building with an almost square floor plan. Its oldest core is the late Gothic castle house on the south-west corner of the building, which was remodeled at the beginning of the 17th century and still juts out a little from the wall on the south side. Wall anchors in the form of the year 1618 bear witness to the redesign of the house. The western side of the building is defined by a square tower with three floors, which is in front of the facade in the middle and is closed off by a crenellated crown . The main entrance used to be there. An outside staircase leads to a terrace at the rear of the garden , from which the ogival garden portal can be reached. Above this was a bay window resting on columns , which was the choir of the small house chapel . The architectural decorations of the building such as bay turrets and stepped gables are typical ingredients of historicism. The interior is entirely from the 19th century. The only exception are two baroque doors from the middle of the 18th century.

literature

Web links

Commons : Haus Horst  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry of the house in the monuments list of the city of Mönchengladbach , accessed on September 19, 2012.
  2. ↑ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet : Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln, the principalities of Jülich and Berg, Geldern, Meurs, Kleve and Mark, and the imperial monasteries of Elten, Essen and Werden . Volume 3, Wolf, Düsseldorf 1853, No. 320 ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l A. Duncker: The rural residences, castles and residences of the knightly landowners…. o. S.
  4. ↑ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln, the principalities of Jülich and Berg, Geldern, Meurs, Kleve and Mark, and the imperial monasteries of Elten, Essen and Werden . Volume 3, Wolf, Düsseldorf 1853, No. 764 ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f P. Clemen: The art monuments of the cities and districts of Gladbach and Krefeld. 1896, p. 49.
  6. ↑ a b c d e J. Wroblewski, A. Wemmers: Theiss-Burgenführer Niederrhein. 2001, p. 73.
  7. ↑ a b c d J. Wroblewski, A. Wemmers: Theiss-Burgenführer Niederrhein. 2001, p. 72.

Coordinates: 51 ° 10 ′ 10.5 ″  N , 6 ° 31 ′ 18.6 ″  E