Office of Liedberg

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Liedberg Castle from the west

The Amt Liedberg was an administrative unit of the Electorate of Cologne , which existed from the middle of the 13th century to the end of the 18th century. Its center was the village of Liedberg (today a district of the city of Korschenbroich in the Rhine district of Neuss ). After the occupation of the left bank of the Rhine by French revolutionary troops in 1794, the Electorate of Cologne was official song Mountain dissolved and a civil administration for the occupied territories by the French authorities furnished.

Lordship of Liedberg

In the 12th century, Liedberg was a dominion with a large settlement area that was dependent on Liedberg. Rights such as high court rights in many places and Vogteirechte as well as the Waldgrafenamt (supervisory right) over extensive forests on Niers and Lower Rhine strengthened the power of the Lords of Liedberg, who had built their castle on the Liedberg . The County of Liedberg was formed, but it was torn apart by the division of inheritance in the middle of the 12th century. In a further division of the estate between the daughters of Count Hermann von Liedberg in 1166, the northern part with Meer Castle fell to Hildegund , the southern part with Liedberg Castle to Elisabeth, who was married to Count Gerhard I von Randerath. Liedberg stayed with the Randerath family for four generations until it came into the possession of the Archbishop of Cologne around 1267, for reasons not yet known.

The Electoral Cologne Office of Liedberg

Securing the sovereign power

In an effort to consolidate the archbishop's power and to preserve the judicial rights in many places, there were often disputes over property and competence with the neighboring rulers in the border areas from the 13th to the 15th century when the legal and border relationships were unclear. The division of the Liedberg rule made it impossible in the long run to hold the distant judicial districts with the high court rights of the Liedberg rule at the Liedberg office. The boundaries of the large forest and break areas were also not determined and led to disputes within the office in the dinghies.

The affiliation of the office of Liedberg to the ore monastery was endangered after 1267 because of the claims made by Count Wilhelm IV of Jülich . Archbishop Engelbert II , who was taken prisoner in a feud , relinquished the office of Liedberg to the Count after his release in 1271. After he was murdered in Aachen in 1278 , his wife, Countess Ricarda von Jülich, and their sons returned Liedberg to Archbishop Siegfried von Westerburg in the Treaty of Pingsheim . The descendants of Count Wilhelm IV von Jülich raised claims to the Liedberg castle and office several times. During the reconciliation in 1291, the office remained with the archbishopric. In another arbitration award in 1299, the rights of the Cologne Church were again confirmed. Because of the agreed but not paid sum of 5,000 marks to the Jülich counts in 1299, a decision was made in 1331: Count Gerhard von Jülich was entitled to the Rhine toll in Bonn for two years ; Liedberg castle and office served as pledge. When the sum was paid, the pledges returned to the Archbishop's possession. For the time of the pledge, the bailiff took the oath of allegiance to the archbishop and the count.

Official area

To the Liedberg office belonged nine judicial districts ( Dingstühle ), which often consisted of several honors .

Frimmersdorf and Gustorf belonged to the county of Hochstaden , which Archbishop Konrad von Hochstaden received from his brother in 1246 and donated to the Archbishopric. The originally independent Hochstaden office was incorporated into the Liedberg office before 1321.

The two thing chairs Schiefbahn (called Unterbroich until 1608) and Kehn formed a court. It met in Weinhaus zu Anrath , some of which were in the Liedberg area, the rest belonged to the Neersen lordship .

Subordinates were:

In addition, Archbishop Walram von Jülich acquired the open house rights to the allodial fortified Haus Horst against payment of a sum of money in order to strengthen the feudal bond with the archbishopric . The other castles whose owners had given up their allodial property, such as Haus Fürth, Haus Raedt , Haus Vorst , Haus Schlickum , Haus Zoppenbroich, Haus Lauvenburg , Stepprather Hof , Burg Steinhausen and Schillingshof were Burglehn von Liedberg.

Headquarters and administration

Liedberg Castle was the administrative center of the office and the seat of the bailiff, who headed the office as the representative of the sovereign.

In the 1302 peace treaty between King Albrecht and Archbishop Wigbold von Holte , in which Wigbold's income from the Rheinzöllen was severely curtailed, Liedberg Castle was one of the pledges, which Archbishop Wigbold reduced to a period of five years, by the king to three years as security had to ask. When the pledge holder Ludolf von Dyck refused to surrender the castle to Archbishop Heinrich von Virneburg in 1306 , he took it by force of arms.

The Liedberg settlement belonging to the castle was a place protected by a wall, which was elevated to a town in 1608 .

The duties and duties of the bailiff as the representative of the sovereign had been laid down in the middle of the 14th century and described in the appointment document. The bailiff undertook

  • To protect castle, office and residents
  • to take care of the occupation and defense of the archbishop's castle
  • to respect the rights of residents and to order only necessary services
  • protect the streets and arrest wrongdoers
  • collect the sovereign taxes
  • to take only what is due to him of the court sentences.

The waiter had the oversight of sovereign assets, managed the sovereign income to natural history and taxes such as treasury money and Bede , he was responsible for the upkeep of the castle staff and the maintenance of the building. He created an annual register of the sovereign income and expenses.

dish

The high court rights in the Liedberg district were concentrated in the Liedberg court, which had the lower and high jurisdiction.

In the middle of the 14th century the bailiff's presidency was given up. If bailiff Gerhard von Bilstein was still in front of the court in 1340, in 1355 bailiff and Vogt (judge) sat together before the court. After that, only the bailiff is named as the judge who spoke justice to the lay judges . A court clerk and a country messenger completed the court. The seat of the court in Liedberg was in 1457 at the first gate of the castle, from 1519 the parlor in the new wine house, after the destruction in 1673 a room in the castle, which in winter was also the living room of the Vogts family.

At the Herrengeding , also called Hochgeding, which took place under the chairmanship of the bailiff or bailiff, all residents of the judicial community were gathered, to whom their wisdom was read and reported on the offense. On the Herrengeding, the heads proposed by the honors, also called Honnen, were appointed by the bailiff or bailiff. Border inspections were rarely carried out.

The brigade interrogations , which were carried out by the bailiff and bailiff, were taken over by a brigade master appointed by the elector after 1654.

As the importance of gentlemen's things decreased significantly, interrogations for civil disputes became more important.

Pledges

The Archbishops of Cologne had expanded their property in armed conflicts and acquired new areas for sale. As a result, they were heavily indebted and needed donors to whom, in addition to Rheinzollen, offices were pledged. Liedberg castle and office with all rights and income often served as a pledge.

In 1344 the Cologne cathedral chapter advanced the necessary funds to Archbishop Walram von Jülich to pay his debts. It was contractually stipulated that the cathedral chapter used control of the income from the Rhine tolls and the income of the offices of Hülchrath and Liedberg to repay debt. The cathedral canon Gerhard von Bilstein was appointed bailiff of the Liedberg office pledged to the cathedral chapter.

In 1388, the former Klevian bailiff von Linn , Heinrich von Strünkede, owed the archbishop Friedrich von Saar Werden an annual pension of 2000 gold shields, this pension was allocated from the income of the Liedberg office and Heinrich was appointed bailiff von Liedberg.

In the 15th and 16th centuries until 1537, the Liedberg office was pledged to members of the Scheiffart von Merode zu Hemmersbach who had advanced the archbishops several times larger sums. Under Archbishop Dietrich von Moers , the debt had grown to 19,000 guilders. After the death of the last pledgee Johann Scheiffart von Merode, his widow refused to accept the redemption of the debts on the grounds that she received the pledge through the Liedberg office as marriage property and brought it into her marriage to Count Georg von Limburg-Styrum . Thereafter, Liedberg Castle and Office remained in the pledge of the Counts of Limburg-Styrum for six generations. Attempts at replacement failed because of the ever increasing demands of Limburg. When in 1649 some of the heirs accepted their share of the transfer fee, but the other refused, Elector Ferdinand had Liedberg Castle captured by force of arms and occupied with soldiers from the Kaiserswerther garrison. It was not redeemed in full until 1654 under Elector Maximilian .

Administration of the office by the Cologne electors

After the pledge was redeemed in 1654, the Liedberg office was reorganized. Ferdinand von Hövelich was appointed bailiff as the elector's representative. The officials, often electoral court officials or in other services, no longer lived in their official residence, but in their castle. The duties of the bailiff were largely taken over by the administrator.

The waiter was Peter Karden, who had the task of leasing the land, recalculating the landlord's income and sending the annual bill to the Bonn court chamber.

Since 1688 the waiter, who lived at Liedberg Castle, was also a judge , often also a master master.

Some of the rooms were set up in 1654 for the elector's hunting trips.

services

The various manual and clamping services were distributed among the dinghies. In 1654 the services were largely canceled. The guard services at the castle were taken over by the castle crew, and the residents were thus completely exempt. The castle crew, eight soldiers and a constable, were paid from shooting money. The guard services in the places to which the residents were obliged to cease to exist after they were part of the duties of the official shooters, who were also paid from shooting money. Each Dingstuhl provided shooters who watched over sovereign rights, carried out ordinances and took on police duties. Together with the heads of the honors and lay judges, they tried to catch wrongdoers and bring them to the prison at Liedberg Castle. These police tasks were largely taken over in the 18th century by the mounted rural gendarmerie , known as the hussar company, created by Elector Clemens August in 1751 and deployed throughout the archbishopric . After the dissolution of the sites Hersel and Hülchrath she was in since 1755 Lechenich stationed since 1765, built in its new head-quarters .

List of officials

The Liedberg office was administered several times together with other offices, above all with Hülchrath, but also with Uerdingen and Rheinberg.

  • 1297 Rembodo von Budberg zu Uerdingen and Liedberg
  • 1310 Johann von Wifleisch
  • 1318 Hermann von Buschfeld zu Uerdingen, Liedberg and Rheinberg
  • 1321 Wilhelm Rost
  • 1329 Arnold von Bachem
  • 1334 Daniel Overstolz
  • 1335 Tilmann von Lievendahl
  • 1344 Gerhard von Bilstein
  • 1371 Engelbert von Orsbeck
  • 1376 Johann von Schönforst zu Liedberg and Hülchrath
  • 1386 Scheiffart von Merode zu Liedberg and Hülchrath
  • 1388 Heinrich von Strünkede
  • 1390–1414 Scheiffart von Merode the Younger zu Liedberg, who held several offices; 1390 Liedberg and Hülchrath 1403 Liedberg and Brühl 1411 Liedberg, Brühl and Hülchrath, 1413 only Liedberg
  • 1415 Johann V. Scheiffart von Merode († 1451), son of Scheiffart the Younger
  • 1456 Werner Scheiffart von Merode
  • 1467 Nikolaus (Claes) Scheiffart von Merode († shortly after 1467), bastard brother of Heinrich II. And Werner Scheiffart von Merode
  • 1480 Werner Scheiffart von Merode († 1509)
  • 1509–1537 John VI. Scheiffart von Merode († 1537) zu Liedberg and Hülchrath
  • 1540 George of Limburg-Styrum; Werner Scheiffart von Merode († 1553), son of Johann VI , also made a claim . Schiffart of Merode
  • 1560 Hermann Georg of Limburg-Styrum
  • 1585 Jobst from Limburg-Styrum
  • 1603 Erich von Limburg-Styrum
  • 1630 Bernd Albrecht of Limburg-Styrum
  • 1641 Hermann Otto von Limburg-Styrum
  • 1649 Erich Adolf von Limburg-Styrum
  • 1654 Ferdinand von Hövelich
  • 1680 Ferdinand Rost von Wers
  • 1712 Max Heinrich Rost von Wers
  • 1741 Karl Otto Ludwig Theodat von und zu Gymnich
  • 1786 Clemens August Ferdinand von Gymnich

literature

  • Jakob Bremer: The Electoral Cologne Office Liedberg. M. Gladbach 1930. Facsimile print 1976, anniversary edition of the Heimatverein Liedberg e. V. Mönchengladbach 2000.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jakob Bremer: The Electoral Cologne Office Liedberg. 1930, pp. 49-57.
  2. ↑ Jakob Bremer: The Electoral Cologne Office Liedberg. 1930, pp. 59-68 and p. 78.
  3. ^ Richard Knipping (arr.): The Regests of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages. Volume III, 2. Bonn 1913, No. 2818.
  4. ^ Wilhelm Kiski (arr.): The Regesta of the Archbishops of Cologne. Volume IV. Bonn 1915, No. 1415.
  5. ↑ Jakob Bremer: The Electoral Cologne Office Liedberg , p. 111
  6. ↑ Jakob Bremer: The Electoral Cologne Office Liedberg. 1930, pp. 22-35, p. 83, p. 102.
  7. ^ Richard Knipping: The regests of the archbishops of Cologne. Volume III, 2. No. 3876.
  8. ^ Wilhelm Kisky: The regests of the archbishops of Cologne. Volume IV. Bonn 1915, No. 223.
  9. ↑ Jakob Bremer: The Electoral Cologne Office Liedberg. 1930, pp. 253-255.
  10. ^ Norbert Andernach: The sovereign administration. In: Kurköln. Land under the crook. Series of publications by the district of Viersen, Volume 35a. P. 260.
  11. ↑ Jakob Bremer: The Electoral Cologne Office Liedberg. 1930, p. 80, pp. 208-232, pp. 247-252.
  12. ^ Wilhelm Janssen (arr.): The regests of the archbishops of Cologne. Volume V. Bonn 1973, No. 1168.
  13. ↑ Norbert Andernach (arrangement): The Regesta of the Archbishops of Cologne. Volume IX. Düsseldorf 1983, no.1630, no.1631, no.1632.
  14. ↑ Jakob Bremer: The Electoral Cologne Office Liedberg. 1930, pp. 85-94.
  15. ↑ Jakob Bremer: The Electoral Cologne Office Liedberg. 1930, pp. 95-101.
  16. ↑ Jakob Bremer: The Electoral Cologne Office Liedberg. 1930, pp. 101, pp. 154-160.
  17. ↑ Alwin Reiche: From the armed househusband to the policeman. Jülich 1997, pp. 278-79.
  18. ^ Norbert Andernach: The regests of the archbishops of Cologne. Volume VIII. Düsseldorf 1981, No. 312 (1371) and No. 1478 (1376).
  19. ^ Norbert Andernach: The regests of the archbishops of Cologne. Volume IX. Düsseldorf 1983, No. 1244, No. 1527.
  20. ^ Norbert Andernach: The regests of the archbishops of Cologne. Volume IX. Düsseldorf 1983, no.2051.
  21. ^ Norbert Andernach: The regests of the archbishops of Cologne. Volume XI. Düsseldorf 1992, No. 804, No. 2373, No. 2469.
  22. ^ Norbert Andernach: Regest of the Archbishops of Cologne. Volume XII, 1. Düsseldorf 1995, No. 197, No. 671.
  23. ^ A b E. Richardson (pseudonym = Ernst Graf von Mirbach-Harff): History of the Merode Family , Bd. IH Dominicus, Prague 1877, pp. 82 and 85; Vol. II. H. Dominicus, Prague 1881, No. 304, p. 224 ( Google Books ).
  24. ^ E. Richardson (pseudonym = Ernst Graf von Mirbach-Harff): History of the Merode family , Bd. IH Dominicus, Prague 1877, p. 114f.
  25. ↑ Jakob Bremer: The Electoral Cologne Office Liedberg. 1930, pp. 689-691.