Anrath

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Anrath
City of Willich
Coat of arms of Anrath
Coordinates: 51 ° 16 ′ 45 ″  N , 6 ° 27 ′ 32 ″  E
Height : 37 m above sea level NN
Area : 7.69 km²
Residents : 11,269  (2016)
Population density : 1,465 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1970
Postal code : 47877
Area code : 02156
Willich Anrath Neersen Schiefbahnmap
About this picture
Location of Anrath in Willich

Anrath is a village on the left Lower Rhine in North Rhine-Westphalia northeast of the Niers and has been part of the new town of Willich since 1970 . The place is in the landscape unit 573.3 "Kempener Lehmplatte". The Flöthbach runs to the south and west of the village , nowadays more of a rainwater drain than a real brook, as it dries out for most of the year.

The population in Anrath has remained almost unchanged in the last few decades. The only stop in the city of Willich is in Anrath; Münchheide and Neersen are the closest autobahn connections to the A 44 with connections to the neighboring cities of Krefeld , Mönchengladbach and Düsseldorf .

history

The name von Anrath originated from "Anrode". Rode means clearing . However, the obvious thesis that Anrath is called “At the clearing” is controversial. "Anrode" can also be understood as "clearing that has begun". Or "Anrode" could be about "Ainrode", "Aynrode" or "Haynrode" from Hain derived and clearing.

The origin of Anrath goes back to a manor or Fronhof of the Cologne archbishops in today's center and is in all probability a foundation from the 9th century. Anrath was first mentioned in a document in 1010, when Archbishop Heribert Anrath of St. Peter near Kempen was parish and raised to the status of an independent parish . This event was the occasion for the 1000th anniversary in Anrath in 2010. Schiefbahn (until 1655) and Neersen (until 1798) and the district of Hagen (until 1920) also belonged to the Anrath parish .

In 1025 the Anrath Mark consisted of four neighboring or farming communities; in 1211 there were six farming communities. From the 13th century until 1798, the lords of Neersen Castle were also landlords of Anrath by way of inheritance . The latter were vassals of the Archbishop Elector of Cologne .

In 1414 was community Anrath by King (later Emperor) Sigismund the market rights granted. This resulted in a mounting duty revealed for now the market town Ascended parish . The actual gates, walls and ditches are no longer there today, but can still be seen in the street layout. Anrath had a very eventful history with looting in the 16th and 17th centuries. Characteristic is the fragmentation of the area into many small states with mutual competences and responsibilities.

From 1794 to 1815 the entire left Lower Rhine was occupied by the French. With an administrative reform in 1800 Anrath and Clörath became part of the mayor's office ( Mairie ) Neersen. They now belonged to the Arrondissement de Crévelt in the newly founded Département de la Roer , which became French territory from 1801. In 1815 the region fell to the Kingdom of Prussia , which incorporated the Neersen mayor into the Krefeld district . In 1819 Anrath was removed from the Neersen mayor and added to the surrounding mayor of Kleinkempen . In 1840 this mayor's office was renamed after the main town of Anrath.

On July 1, 1891, a hurricane caused severe damage in Anrath and neighboring towns. Most of the Anrath houses were damaged in the process and many became uninhabitable.

On the evening of March 1, 1945, US troops occupied Anrath; this ended there the Nazi era and World War II in the course of Operation Grenade .

On January 1, 1970, the municipality of Anrath was merged with Neersen , Schiefbahn and Willich to form the new municipality with the name Stadt Willich .

earlier version of the coat of arms

Extensive redevelopment of the town center began at the end of 2012. As a result, the interior of the town was significantly upgraded through paving, planting and the creation of new bike stands, bus stops and seating. The confluence of Neersener Str. Into Schottelstr. has been converted into a small roundabout .

Coat of arms and flag

The design of the coat of arms of Anrath is based on a seal which was awarded to the lay judges in Anrath in 1574 by the Archbishop of Cologne, Salentin . The coat of arms designed by the heraldist and painter Wolfgang Pagenstecher in 1927 shows John the Baptist , parish patron of the Catholic parish church of Anrath. His right hand points to a lamb with a halo, which is probably resting on a Bible. He also carries an Anabaptist flag consisting of a red cross on a white background over his left shoulder. As an indication of the historical affiliation to the Electorate of Cologne , the coat of arms is shown at the bottom left. In 1928, the municipality of Anrath finally received the right to use the coat of arms. She officially carried the coat of arms until the city of Willich was founded in 1970.

The town flag of Anrath, above gold (yellow) and below blue, was designed because of the predominant colors in the coat of arms.

education

schools

  • Primary schools: Albert Schweitzer School and Gottfried Kricker School
  • Comprehensive School: Leonardo da Vinci Comprehensive School
  • High school: Lise-Meitner-Gymnasium

Library and library

  • Library of the Lise-Meitner-Gymnasium
  • Catholic public library of the parish of St. Johannes

Culture and sights

The parish church of St. John Baptist , consecrated on October 30, 1898, is remarkable . The church, built around the turn of the century in the then popular neo-Gothic style , was designed by the Düsseldorf architect Prof. Josef Kleesattel as a three-aisled brick hall with a north aisle consisting of two bays . The planned south aisle was omitted. In its place there had previously been a Romanesque-Gothic church, which, however, was considered dilapidated towards the end of the 19th century. The efforts of the monument authority of the Rhine Province to preserve the Romanesque tower or at least its portal could not prevail against the will of the population to build a uniform new building. Only four small columns from the Romanesque building were reused. Between 1740 and 1742 the parish had a new organ built by the well-known Cologne organ builders Balthasar König and Christian Ludwig König . This was also destroyed when the old church was demolished. After the old building had been laid down by the end of March 1897, the neo-Gothic church was inaugurated on October 30, 1898.

Church of St. John

Bomb hits during the Second World War in the town center and their pressure waves destroyed parts of the historical glazing in the nave of the church from the time it was built. In 1956, figurative representations ( Heribert , Michael , Brigida and Paulus ) of the art professor Wilhelm Teuwen from Anrath were inserted into four windows .

Also to be mentioned are the center of the village, which is concentric around the church and has existed in this form for about 600 years; Particularly noteworthy are the former Jewish house next to the passage on the left, the Liedbergische Richterhaus next to the passage on the right, the former inn "Zum alten Zoll" in Schottelstrasse 1 (around 1788/89 actually customs office - "Schweigender Landzoll"), the Leutnantshaus (now from the Volksbank) and the Schultheißenhaus (now a restaurant). All houses or parts of the houses are under monument protection.

Remnants of the site's security systems, which were razed at the beginning of the 19th century, can still be guessed. B. the "Waak", a footpath parallel to Schottelstrasse. The wall and moat of the market town ran here. The narrowness of Neersener Straße towards the church also refers to the former medieval situation. Here, as well as on the (today's) streets Schottelstrasse, Viersener Strasse and Jakob-Krebs-Strasse, there were gates that regulated access to the area or were locked at night to keep rabble out . There are no remains above ground of any of the four gates.

The correctional facility on the northern outskirts of Anrath, completed in 1905, is of particular architectural importance , once a Prussian economic compensation for the village, which was economically damaged after a tornado in 1891 and the decline of the weaving mills. Due to the Prussian officials who had come to Anrath since the prison was built, around 1907 there were about 200 Protestant Christians living in Anrath, 115 of them in the royal prison; three years later, on Reformation Day 1910, the evangelical church was finally inaugurated.

Broich House, Willich

The correctional facility was extensively expanded between 2003 and 2009. Because of this expansion, many listed houses were demolished. As a result of this, but also because of the prison wall that is now five meters high, the correctional facility has lost a lot of its former character. The old buildings of the "prison" have been empty and unused since the move to the new building.

A striking eye-catcher in the fields southeast of Anrath is the former manor Haus Broich . A little southwest of the center of Anrath is another former manor, the listed Haus Stockum .

See also: List of architectural monuments in Willich

museum

The " Historisches Prison Museum Niederrhein " of the royal Potthusaren zu Anrath eV is located in the correctional facility. This museum is located in the remaining of the approx. 20 servants' houses around the old prison that were formerly under monument protection.

gallery

The Schageshof gallery is a meeting point for culture in Willich-Anrath. It shows contemporary art by national and international artists in an individual setting.

Evangelical Church Anrath

monument

The memorial for those who fell in the wars of 1864 and 1870/71 was erected opposite the Protestant church in a small green area on Prinz-Ferdinand-Platz.

In 1999 a bronze plaque was erected on Viersener Strasse to commemorate the former Jewish community and its synagogue, which was devastated in 1938.

park

The former cemetery with the Stations of the Cross from 1875, which is still well preserved today, is located in Theodor-Heuss-Park, east of the town center. The cemetery was used until the 1920s when the old churchyard, i.e. the cemetery around, was used to build the church the church had run out of space. On the west side of Theodor-Heuss-Park, a small wedding grove has been built on an area to extend towards the Großbeudelshof.

A forerunner of this park was the so-called municipal city garden, which can be seen on postcards from around 1900 and was located elsewhere.

Regular events

The carnival procession from the association "Aach Blenge" 1969 Anrath organized carnival parade on tulips Sunday traditionally begins at 13:11.

The first of two shooting festivals always takes place on the Corpus Christi weekend. It is that of the St. Johannes Schützengesellschaft 1662 Clörath - Vennheide . It begins on Corpus Christi Thursday with the prince shooting of the pupils and young people. The big royal parade takes place on Sundays and the royal gala ball in the evening. On Mondays, the king is determined for the next year by bird shot.

The traditional fountain festival takes place in early summer, financed, organized and hosted by the Anrather Werbering. It is named after the fountain at the town hall. In addition to Sunday shopping, there are attractions for visitors of all ages.

Every year in August, the bathtub race on the Niers, organized by the Catholic rural youth from Anrath, attracts people from all over the region.

The second Anrath shooting festival takes place at the end of August and beginning of September. It is that of the St. Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaft von 1463 Anrath eV It starts on Saturdays; Sundays are the royal parade and the royal gala ball. On Mondays, the king for the following year is also determined by a bird's shot.

The Christmas market has traditionally been held on the first Sunday of Advent for many years . In addition to the Sunday shopping and the usual culinary offerings in the catering trade , nativity set makers and other art and craft stands are also represented. The local clubs and schools are also happy to present themselves with their own stands. Like the Brunnenfest, this traditional event is financed, organized and hosted by the Anrather Werbering.

Infrastructure

Local transport

Anrath train station In the
back right the correctional facility

Anrath is on the railway line from Duisburg to Mönchengladbach . The station building erected here in 1850 was named the most beautiful station in Germany in 1935 . In 1976 the building was finally demolished.

In local rail transport , the Anrath stop is served by the Rhein-Niers-Bahn (RB 33) and the Emscher-Niederrhein-Bahn (RB 35).

Citizen bus

Due to the lack of local transport connections within Anrath, the Bürgerbusverein Anrath eV was founded. In 2005 the first citizen bus started , which connects the rural parts of Anrath with the town center as well as a multitude of stops in the town center itself.

Personalities

Lambert Doomer: The Dimbkesport in Anrath, ca.1664

Sons and daughters of the parish of Anrath

People who worked in the place

  • Bodo Combrinck (born April 10, 1903 in Bocholt, † 1981), lawyer, NSDAP member and director of the institution
  • Lambert Doomer (born February 11, 1624 in Amsterdam, † July 2, 1700 ibid.), Dutch painter
  • Kornelius Feyen (born April 17, 1886 in Boisheim, † June 28, 1957 in Ahrweiler), teacher and painter
  • Johannes Marschang (born February 26, 1884 in Essen, † December 18, 1978 in Anrath), Catholic prison chaplain in Anrath and Krefeld.
  • Jörg Neun (born May 7, 1966 in Bleichenbach ), former soccer player
  • Ambrosius II von Viermund (* around 1550, † around 1600), received the High Court of Justice in Anrath in 1580
  • Gerhard Vynhoven (born April 14, 1596 in Neersen, † March 14, 1674 in Düsseldorf), Catholic priest

literature

  • Gottfried Kricker : History of the community Anrath. In: Series of publications by the district of Kempen-Krefeld. Vol. 7. Kempen 1959.
  • Gottfried Kricker: From the older history of the Anrath parish. Schmitz-Vogel, Anrath 1960.
  • Ludwig Hügen: Willich-Anrath. As it used to be. Geiger-Verlag, 1997, ISBN 3-89570-274-9 .
  • Ulrich Bons: The Anrath prison in the Third Reich. The attempt at a reconstruction. In: Home book of the district of Viersen. Viersen 2002, p. 161 ff.
  • Eberhard Bons: 300 years of organ history in Anrath . In: Oberkreisdirektor Viersen (Hrsg.): Heimatbuch des Kreis Viersen . Viersen 1983.
  • JP Lentzen, Franz Verres: History of glory Neersen and Anrath. With special consideration of the old parish of Anrath with the villages and localities Neersen, Schiefbahn, Kehn and Clörath as well as the castle and the Lords of Neersen. Fischeln 1883. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf .

Web links

Commons : Anrath  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See articles on name research . Volume 24, Verlag C. Winter, 1989, p. 103.
  2. ↑ See Joseph Strange : Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis Dialogum. Hergt, Koblenz 1857. Book 9, Chapter 15.
  3. ↑ [1]
  4. ↑ http://www.buergerverein-anrath.de/geschichte/ereignis/1891_wirbelsturm.shtml
  5. ↑ http://www.buergerverein-anrath.de/1000jahre/ausstellung2.shtml
  6. ↑ rp-online.de from March 16, 2015 / Hans Kaiser: The last fights in the region
  7. ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 115 .
  8. ↑ Gallery Schageshof: KIS - culture Schageshof (website of Dr. Karl-Josef Brockmann, Willich-Anrath, accessed June 7, 2012)
  9. ^ Photo from the Anrath train station (online presentation of the Anrath Citizens' Association, accessed on March 27, 2011)
  10. ^ The chronology of the railroad events from 1901 to 1945 ( Memento from November 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (online presentation railways on the Lower Rhine , accessed on March 27, 2011)
  11. ^ Infrastructure Anrath in the city of Willich (online presentation of the Anrath Citizens' Association, accessed on March 27, 2011)
  12. ^ Home game in Anrath. FohlenHautnah, accessed on August 24, 2017 .