House Stockum (Willich)

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East facade of House Stockum

The Stockum house is a water-defended former mansion in the area of ​​the town of Willich, part of the district of Viersen, in North Rhine-Westphalia . Built in the early 17th century brick building is located just south of Willich district Anrath , approximately between the outer Anrather residential area Vennheide , rural village Clörath and the most to the district Neersen calculated Weiler Hagwinkel / Am Bökel. The property was classified on March 14, 1993 under the list number 3 of the monument list of the city of Willich as a monument worth preserving .

history

prehistory

The plot of the current house Stockum including the associated lands had since the 10th century estate of the Abbey Gladbach and was politically since the year 1349 to the territory of the Electorate of Cologne , where the then Office Oedt was assigned. In 1408 the site of the latter house Stockum was first mentioned as an Arnold of Huntzler (or Honselaer) from the Abbey Gladbach by that time located there farm to Klüppelsrade invested was. The Hof zu Klüppelsrade, also known as Klüppelshof or Dollenhof, was originally a so-called knight's fief and was therefore exempt from taxes and duties during earlier feudal epochs .

The feudal books of Gladbach Abbey list a number of other beneficiaries for the 15th and 16th centuries. Finally, in 1596, an Elisabeth von Holthausen, widow of Johann von Hasselholtz called Stockheim, was enfeoffed with the property. The family with the somewhat awkward surname "von Hasselholtz called Stockheim" was probably descendants of a patrician family from Aachen . He was succeeded as the owner of the fiefdom by two sons of this widow, initially a Reiner von Hasselholtz called Stockheim, and later a (Johann) Wilhelm von Hasselholtz called Stockheim.

17th century

Reiner von Hasselholtz called Stockheim began in 1618 on the property of the previous Klüppelshof with the new construction of the Stockum house, which was completed in 1621, whereby the name is said to have been derived from a (earlier) Hasselholtz property in the Netherlands.

In 1655 a Maria Sibilla, Fräulein von Hasselholt called Stockheim zum Dollenhof, probably a daughter of Wilhelm von Hasselholtz called Stockheim and at a later date apparently heiress of the property, married Georg Balthasar von Mernich zu Schauenstein, who was a colonel in the service of the Spanish military . Among other things, he served the Spanish king as governor in what is now the northern French city of Valenciennes , which at that time also belonged to the Spanish Netherlands , as did the area of Glory Viersen, which began just a few hundred meters south of House Stockum .

This excerpt from an old map (facing west) of the former Oedt office from 1660 illustrates the former border location of the House of Stockum:
The river Niers , recognizable on the map above , formed the border between the Electorate of Cologne (below) and the Spanish in the 17th century Netherlands (above).

From 1666 onwards a Constantin Theodor von Hasselholt called Stockheim zum Dollenhof, probably a son of the aforementioned Wilhelm von Hasselholtz called Stockheim or a brother of Maria Sibilla, who was now married to Mernich zu Schauenstein, was handed down as the owner of the property. The couple from Mernich zu Schauenstein also apparently continued to live at House Stockum. For example, Adrian Wilhelm von Viermund , including Herr von Neersen and Hereditary Bailiff zu Anrath, granted Colonel von Mernich zu Schauenstein hunting rights in Neersen territory in 1658 , and in 1669 the couple von Mernich zu Schauenstein had a son in the Anrath parish church baptized in the name of Wilhelmus Franciscus Arnoldus (Wilhelm Franz Arnold).

On November 27, 1673, Georg Balthasar von Mernich zu Schauenstein finally acquired the rights of high, middle and low jurisdiction in the neighboring glory of Viersen for 12,000  Brabant gulden from the Spanish king Karl II , which was auctioned by the Spanish ruler with the highest bidder. Here over a dispute with the developed Cologne pen St. Gereon , which proved to be the original owner of the Viersener manorial fought fiercely against the sale of the jurisdiction where a private individual. The jurisdiction rights acquired by Colonel von Mernich were obviously hereditary, because after he died there in his function as governor of Valenciennes in March 1677 as part of the Dutch-French War , they passed through the Viersen jurisdiction to his surviving widow Maria Sibilla . From then on, she was called "Frau von Viersen".

With the acquisition of jurisdiction over Viersen, Colonel von Mernich had apparently almost taken over; the legal fees due due to the ongoing legal dispute with the St. Gereon Abbey represented an additional burden, so that his widow was in financial difficulties right from the start of her jurisdiction. The threatened private insolvency then resulted in a resale of the Viersen jurisdiction rights in 1687 at the original purchase price of 12,000 Brabant guilders. The buyer was St. Gereon Abbey, which was already the landlord in Viersen, while territorial rule there remained with the Spanish king for the time being. By reselling the Viersen jurisdiction, the widow von Mernich was able to keep her property for the time being thanks to the proceeds, but politically the Stockum house and its owners sank into insignificance.

18th century

After the private bankruptcy, which was barely prevented in 1687, the widow von Mernich faced again difficult economic times at the beginning of the 18th century. Charles II of Spain was childless, with him the last Habsburg ruler died in 1700 on the Spanish throne. The dispute over his successor led to the War of the Spanish Succession from 1701 , in the course of which the House of Stockum was also affected by its location near the border with the Spanish Netherlands, because there were repeated looting by military personnel marching or lingering there. This led to further indebtedness of the widow von Mernich, so that in 1707 a forced sale of the property seemed inevitable. This was only due to the fact that the former judge von Viersen died in the same year.

The widow von Mernich's successor as owner of the Stockum family was her son-in-law, Baron Johann Wilhelm von Kessel , who had been married to her daughter Anna Katharina Sophia since 1702. The baron had apparently also taken over the debt burden of his mother-in-law, but he was also unable to reduce it. This led to the foreclosure auction of the property by the court in Oedt in 1716. However, Baron von Kessel managed to keep the Stockum family owned by auctioning the property himself on behalf of his three sons. In the period that followed, however, the overall financial situation did not improve significantly, and so Baron von Kessel was even taken into compulsory detention in 1720 because he did not meet his payment obligations. In addition, the court in Oedt called on hereditary tenants and tenants to stop paying him taxes. In the further course of the 18th century the property passed to Werner Volmar Balthasar Adolf von Kessel, the couple's second son.

In 1794 the area on the left bank of the Rhine , which also included most of the Electorate of Cologne with the Office of Oedt and House of Stockum, was occupied by French revolutionary troops . As a result, a French hospital administration was housed in the Stockum house in 1795 and 1796 . France's rule in the Rhineland was not limited to a mere military presence; French administrative structures were gradually introduced in the civilian sector for the purpose of integrating the area into the French state . In this context, the French administration carried out a municipal territorial reform in 1798. The area of ​​Clörath (with House Stockum), which previously belonged to the Oedt office, was separated from it and instead added to the mayor's office ( Mairie ) Neersen, newly founded by the French .

After 1800

House Stockum, south view

Following the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, the area fell to Prussia , which was one of the victorious powers of the Napoleonic wars . The new Prussian administration left it to the fact that Clörath and Haus Stockum belonged to the mayor's office of Neersen.

In the further course of the 19th century there are no more noble owners of the Stockum house . Even under the new bourgeois owners, the decline of the property, which had already begun under the von Mernich family at the end of the 17th century, gradually continued. Large parts of the land that belonged to the former manor were gradually sold to the farmers of the surrounding farms . Towards the end of the 19th century, ownership of the rest of the property finally passed to a neighboring farmer . During this time, the building complex deteriorated more and more. The farm buildings on the estate were demolished and the building rubble was used to fill the moats , so that not much of their former depth remained. At the beginning of the 20th century, the remaining residential building, the manor house , was no longer habitable.

The situation only improved when, in 1925, Peter Joseph Jörg , at the time the district administrator of the former Gladbach district , acquired the property with the manor house that was still there. With financial support from the Association for the Preservation of Monuments in the Rhine Province , Jörg had the property restored. Roofs and towers were restored , the foundations supported and the pond system on the west and north-west side of the house, which was part of the moat system, was restored, thus securing the structure of the manor house up to the present day.

literature

Web links

  • Entry by Jens Wroblewski about Stockum's house in the scientific database “ EBIDAT ” of the European Castle Institute
  • House Stockum (private website of the Slickers family, Willich-Clörath, with further information about House Stockum)

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b Description of the Stockum house from the monument authority on limburg-bernd.de , accessed on August 2, 2015.
  2. ↑ List of monuments of the city of Willich. Status: March 2011 ( PDF ; 29 kB).
  3. ^ Entry by Jens Wroblewski about House Stockum in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
  4. ↑ urban history of Wilich: 1408 , accessed on August 2, 2015.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Gottfried Daum: House Stockum, its history, its owners. In: Bürgererverein Anrath e. V. (Ed.): Anrather Heimatbuch 1978. Willich-Anrath 1977, p. 5 ff.
  6. ↑ a b City history of Willich: 1618 , accessed on August 2, 2015.
  7. ↑ a b Information on House Stockum at burgdaten.de , accessed on August 2, 2015.
  8. ↑ Hans Kaiser: The oldest map of the Oedt office. In: Heimatbuch Kreis Viersen. Viersen 1979, ISSN  0948-6631 , pp. 120-132.
  9. ↑ Johann Peter Lentzen, Franz Verres: History of glory Neersen and Anrath. J. P. Lentzen, Fischeln 1883, urn : nbn: de: hbz: 061: 1-3033 .
  10. ↑ a b c Peter Joerres : Document book of the St. Gereon monastery in Cologne. P. Hanstein, Bonn 1893, No. 688, pp. 663-664 ( digitized version ).
  11. ^ Franz Joseph Schroeteler: The glory and city of Viersen. A contribution to the history of the Lower Rhine. Weyer, Viersen 1861, p. 3 ( digitized version ).
  12. ^ Franz Joseph Schroeteler: The glory and city of Viersen. A contribution to the history of the Lower Rhine. Weyer, Viersen 1861, p. 86 ( digitized version ).
  13. ^ Karl-Heinz Brocker: History of the old office and later municipality of Oedt. [S. 4] ( PDF ; 226 kB).

Coordinates: 51 ° 16 '3.8 "  N , 6 ° 26" 44.9 "  E