Office Hülchrath

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Hülchrath Castle , view of the high castle from the northeast

The Amt Hülchrath was an administrative unit of the Electorate of Cologne , which existed from the middle of the 13th century to the end of the 18th century. After the occupation of the left bank of the Rhine by French revolutionary troops in 1794, the Electorate of Cologne Office Hülchrath was dissolved and a civil administration for the occupied territories by the French authorities furnished.

acquisition

Archbishop Heinrich von Virneburg acquired Castle and County Hülchrath from Dietrich Luf von Kleve in 1314 with the support of the Cologne Cathedral Chapter . Dietrich Schloss and Amt Kempen were pledged until they were paid in full . After Archbishop Heinrich and Count Dietrich Luf von Kleve had reached an agreement on the purchase contract at the end of 1321, the Hülchrath office passed into the possession of the Archbishop in 1322. Because of the sum still to be paid, the Kempen Castle and Office remained as pledge with Dietrich Luf von Kleve. In 1331 all debts were paid and the office of Hülchrath was owned by Electoral Cologne.

Electoral Cologne Office Hülchrath

Official territory

After the acquisition of the county of Hülchrath, the official area was not yet fully determined. In the following period, border disputes with other rulers were settled and the affiliation of individual places to the office was determined. Around 1500 the Königshoven court was separated and formed its own office with several subordinates .

Five dinghies belonged to the Hülchrath office :

The allodial fortified castles Haus Bismich near Wevelinghoven and Haus Lievendahl were located in the official area, where the archbishops acquired the right to open houses in exchange for a sum of money in order to consolidate their sovereign sovereignty . As diet enabled designated Ritter seats castles Fleckhaus , House bush and castle Holzbüttgen were Burglehen of Hülchrath.

Within the office of Hülchrath there were several noble and clerical subordinates. Aristocratic subordinates were Wevelinghoven , Helpenstein , Hackenbroich , Bedburg and the Cologne hereditary bailiwick . Several Cologne monasteries had subordinates. Niehl and Worringen were subordinates of the cathedral chapter, Kriel and Merheim of the St. Gereon monastery, Mauenheim of the St. Kunibert monastery, Müngersdorf of the St. Aposteln monastery and Ossendorf of the St. Ursula monastery.

Administration and administrative headquarters

For centuries, the center of the lordly administration in the Hülchrath office was Hülchrath Castle. It was the seat of the bailiff and the winery . They only lost its importance after the demolition of the mounting and installation of the administration to Hülchrath.

In 1688, the obligation arising in the Reunions Wars of Louis XIV to grind down the fortifications of Hülchrath Castle was carried out. The fortifications of the castle were destroyed and not rebuilt.

The settlement belonging to the castle was destroyed in the Truchsessian War in 1583. In 1608, under the Cologne coadjutor and later Elector Ferdinand, the Hülchrath in front of the castle was rebuilt, surrounded with ramparts and ditches and included in the castle fortifications like a second outer bailey. It was raised to the rank of stain and given privileges, which included exemption from taxes and services. Craftsmen and tradespeople settled down. After the construction of new houses for the electoral officials, the administration was moved to Hülchrath. The new waiter's building was the apartment of the waiter, whose office was merged with that of the bailiff. The hoped-for upswing in the area failed to materialize in the decades that followed, which were marked by war.

Since the 17th century, the bailiffs, who were often electoral court officials or were in other services, no longer lived in their official residence, but in their castle. The duties of the bailiff were largely taken over by the administrator or the waiter.

Duties of the bailiff and the waiter

At the head of the administration stood the bailiff as the representative of the sovereign. Its tasks and duties had been laid down in the middle of the 14th century and described in the appointment document.

They mainly consisted of

  • to protect the residents of the office,
  • to take care of the occupation and defense of the archbishop's castle,
  • to respect the rights of residents and not to impose unreasonable taxes and unusual services,
  • protect the streets and arrest criminals
  • collect the sovereign taxes,
  • to take only what is due to him of the court sentences,
  • to protect the different electoral rights in the places of office.

In special situations, such as pledges, there were still special provisions.

The waiter was in charge of the sovereign property, administered the sovereign income in kind and taxes such as treasure money and bede , he was responsible for the maintenance of the castle staff and the maintenance of the buildings. He created an annual register of the sovereign income and expenses.

dish

In the Hülchrath office, every Dingstuhl had a lay judge with high court rights , the chairman of which was the Hülchrath mayor , called Vogt , who was appointed by the sovereign . The court clerk and land messenger completed the court.

Each thing chair had its own courtroom with a stick , wheel and gallows . Criminals from the Count's Land were imprisoned at Schloss Dyck , the rest at Schloss Hülchrath.

The court of the Dingstuhl Hülchrath, which had met in Neukirchen, had been moved to the newly built Hülchrath after 1608.

The court of the Dingstuhl Rommerskirchen met in Nettesheim.

The court seat of the Dingstuhl Griesberg was in Esch.

The count's land had grown together from different parts. The rulership rights were divided between Kurköln and the Dyck rule. Of the two dinghies in the Count's Land (Fürth in the Count's Land and Count's Land), the Dingstuhl in Fürth was no longer counted as part of the Count's Land in the 17th century. The chairman was the bailiff von Hülchrath or his representative, the assessor was the bailiff of the Dyck estate.

The Archbishop of Cologne was the owner of the Hülchrath Palace in the Dingstuhl Count's Land. The Vogt von Hülchrath presided over the court, the Vogt von Dyck was an assessor. Both bailiffs sealed documents. The court of both Dingstühle met alternately in Fürth, Glehn and Espendorf.

At the Herrengeding , which took place separately for each Dingstuhl under the chairmanship of the bailiff or bailiff, all residents of the judicial community were gathered. Their wisdom was read to them and the offenses reported by the Honnen were punished in their honor at the subsequent brute court. Border inspections were rarely carried out, usually only the genzenes of the judicial district were read out.

As the importance of gentlemen's things decreased significantly, interrogations for civil disputes became more important. The brigade interrogations were carried out by a brigade master appointed by the elector.

Dues and services

Since the 17th century were in addition to the previous sovereign taxes simple as landständische applicable taxes. The places or parishes were quoted in Simplen lists. Simplenkollectors collected the taxes that were delivered to the electoral court chamber in Bonn .

The residents of the office were obliged to do manual and tension services at the castle, but each parish had certain tasks to fulfill. Some parishes of the Dingstuhl Hülchrath had to provide towing horses for the archbishop's ships on the Rhine between Neuss and Cologne . During repairs and the expansion of the castle after 1583 as well as the new construction of Hülchrath, the honors were obliged to perform unusual services such as digging trenches, cart services for the transport of stones, lime and coal for the brick kiln, fetching Leyen and mending the streets, about which they have a complaint submitted to the court chamber in Bonn.

The service yards were in spiritual possession. Each farm was assigned special tasks such as building clocks with wagons or carts, wooden carts, transporting wine carts from Neuss to Hülchrath Castle or transporting kitchen supplies (butter and cheese) from Cologne to Hülchrath Castle.

Security measures in the official area

To protect the population from robbery and other acts of violence, all men of the village capable of military service were obliged to take over guard and defense. These state riflemen were divided into squads who were subordinate to a rifle leader: under the command of the bailiff, they tracked down criminals who were brought to the prison at Hülchrath Castle.

When the population continued to suffer from violence and robbery in the 18th century, Elector Clemens August set up a mounted rural gendarmerie , called a hussar company, which was deployed throughout the archbishopric in 1751 to pursue and arrest the wandering rabble , which had a permanent headquarters in Hülchrath from 1751 to 1755 , a second was in Hersel . After the two locations were closed, it had been stationed in Lechenich since 1755 , and in its newly built headquarters since 1765 .

Unteramt Erprath

After Archbishop Friedrich von Saar Werden had acquired the castle and rule of Erprath with all rights and income from Count Ruprecht von Virneburg and his wife in 1405 , the office of Erprath was established. Until 1680 it was co-administered by the Neuss Office, after which it was administered by the Hülchrath Office in personal union. The parish of Grefrath came to the Hülchrath office as the sixth thing chair . In the 17th century, the Erprath office consisted of the Dingstuhl Grefrath and the places Weckhoven , Röckerath, Elfgen and several courtyards and farmsteads.

List of officials

  1. 1326–1331 Wilhelm von Heddinghoven clerk in Hülchrath
  2. 1334 Winand von Hüls
  3. 1343 Arnold Rover from Wevelinghoven
  4. 1346 Winand of Gennep
  5. 1364 Wilhelm von Wevelinghoven
  6. 1365 Wilhelm von Schleiden, provost, chief magistrate
  7. 1367 Hermann von Lievendahl
  8. 1376 Johann von Schönforst zu Liedberg and Hülchrath
  9. 1386 Scheiffart von Merode zu Liedberg and Hülchrath
  10. 1390 Scheiffart from Merode the Younger to Hülchrath and Liedberg
  11. 1393 Friedrich von Schleiden, Cologne Cathedral Dean, Oberamtmann zu Hülchrath
  12. 1394 Ruttger from Alps to Hülchrath and Neuss
  13. 1410 Rost from Hall to Hülchrath
  14. 1411 Scheiffart from Merode the Younger to Hülchrath and Liedberg
  15. 1413 Daem Rost von Hall
  16. 1422 Hermann von Horst
  17. 1437 Scheiffart from Merode zu Hülchrath and Neuss Pfand
  18. 1455 Edward Vogt von Bell zu Hülchrath and Neuss Pfand
  19. 1490 Count Wilhelm I of Neuenahr pledge
  20. (1497), 1526 Count Wilhelm II von Neuenahr Pfand; his guardian until 1510/12 was Goedart (I.) Deutz (Duytsche) van der Kulen
  21. 1545, 1563 Godart (II.) Theuz (German; Duytze von der Kuylen) Drost; In 1548 Wilhelm II von Neuenahr and (1552) 1556 Count Hermann von Neuenahr were pledges
  22. 1576, 1581 Godart zu Allendorf, bailiff zu Bedburg and Hülchrath for Count Adolf von Neuenahr
  23. 1583–1586 Duke Friedrich of Saxony, cathedral provost, appointed by the cathedral chapter (after taking Hülchrath Castle in 1583), senior bailiff
  24. 1586 Count Johann von Salm Reifferscheid senior magistrate
  25. 1594 Godart von Allendorf zu Bedburg and Hülchrath
  26. 1617 Johann von dem Hövelich
  27. 1630 Johann von Reuschenberg as governor
  28. 1633 Adolf Sigismund Raitz von Frentz zu Kendenich
  29. 1657 Ernst Ferdinand Raitz von Frentz zu Kendenich
  30. 1693 Franz Karl Raitz von Frentz zu Kendenich
  31. 1754 Klemens August Waldbott from Bassenheim zu Bornheim
  32. 1794 Franz Karl Waldbott von Bassenheim zu Bornheim

literature

  • Hermann Aubin : The Wisdoms of the Rhine Province, second section, The Wisdoms of the Electorate of Cologne. First volume, Amt Hülchrath . Reprint of the Bonn 1914 edition, Düsseldorf 1996.
  • Kurköln. Land under the crook . Series of publications by the district of Viersen, Volume 35a. Publication of the state archives of North Rhine-Westphalia, Series C, Vol. 22, Kevelaer 1985. ISBN 3-7666-9431-6 .
  • Walter Föhl: Hülchrath's second foundation . Writings on the nature and history of the Lower Rhine (1957 issue 2) Editor: Office of the series of publications Verein linker Niederrhein eV, Krefeld.
  • Hans Kisky: Hülchrath . Rheinische Kunststätten (1964 issue 9)
  • Jakob Bremer: The Electoral Cologne Office Liedberg . M.Gladbach 1930. Facsimile print 1976, anniversary edition of the Heimatverein Liedberg eV Mönchengladbach 2000.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilhelm Kisky : Die Regesten der Archbischöfe von Köln, Vol. IV. Bonn 1915, No. 830, No. 1321, No. 1978
  2. ^ Hermann Aubin (ed.): Die Weistümer der Rheinprovinz, second section, Die Weistümer des Kurfürstentums Köln, first volume, Amt Hülchrath, Bonn 1913, p. 5–8 (directory from 1609)
  3. ↑ Norbert Andernach: The Regesta of the Archbishops of Cologne, Vol. X No. 29 and No. 852
  4. ↑ Jakob Bremer: The Electoral Cologne Office Liedberg, p. 83
  5. ^ Hermann Aubin: Die Weistümer des Kurfürstentums Köln, Amt Hülchrath, pp. 2–8 and pp. 185–273
  6. ^ Walter Föhl: Hülchraths second foundation, pp. 25–35
  7. ^ Hermann Aubin: Die Weistümer des Kurfürstentums Köln, Amt Hülchrath, P. 12-15
  8. ^ Norbert Andernach: The sovereign administration. In: Kurköln. Land under the crook. Series of publications by the district of Viersen, Volume 35a. P. 260
  9. ^ Hermann Aubin: Die Weistümer des Kurfürstentums Köln, Amt Hülchrath, P. 91–94
  10. ^ Hermann Aubin: Die Weistümer des Kurfürstentums Köln, Amt Hülchrath, P. 12-15
  11. ^ Walter Föhl: Hülchraths second foundation, pp. 54–55
  12. ^ Hermann Aubin: The Weistümer des Kurfürstentums Köln, Amt Hülchrath, S: 67-76
  13. ^ Walter Föhl: Hülchraths second foundation, pp. 39–41
  14. ↑ Alwin Reiche: From the armed househusband to the policeman. Jülich 1997, pp. 278-79
  15. ↑ Norbert Andernach: The Regesta of the Archbishops of Cologne, Bd. XI. No. 1311
  16. ^ Wilhelm Kisky (arr.): The Regest of the Archbishops of Cologne, Vol. IV. No. 1574, No. 1569
  17. ^ Wilhelm Janssen (arrangement): The Regesta of the Archbishops of Cologne, Vol. V No. 227 (1334), No. 1051 (1343), No. 1321 (1346)
  18. ^ Wilhelm Janssen: The Regesta of the Archbishops of Cologne, Vol. VII No. 360, No. 361, No. 812
  19. ↑ Norbert Andernach (arrangement): The Regesta of the Archbishops of Cologne, Vol. VIII. No. 1478, No. 1479
  20. ↑ Norbert Andernach: The Regests of the Archbishops of Cologne Vol. IX No. 1244
  21. ^ Norbert Andernach: The Regests of the Archbishops of Cologne, Vol. IX. No. 2051
  22. ↑ Norbert Andernach: The Regests of the Archbishops of Cologne, Vol. X No. 523
  23. ↑ Norbert Andernach: The Regests of the Archbishops of Cologne Vol. X NR. 713, no.1739
  24. ↑ Norbert Andernach: The Regesta of the Archbishops of Cologne, Vol. XI No. 2741
  25. ↑ Norbert Andernach: The Regests of the Archbishops of Cologne Vol. XII No. 197, No. 666
  26. ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 Haupturkundenarchiv, U 2/1882, US / 1887 etc.).
  27. ^ Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Reichskammergericht, 2005 - Az. G 508/1604).
  28. ^ Document dated August 11, 1563; Landesarchiv NRW, Westphalia Münster department (Tecklenburg, Rhenish documents no. 111).
  29. ^ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (B 11 documents of the county of Stolberg-Königstein, 90, 91 and 95).
  30. ^ Document of September 9, 1556; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Kurköln, documents, no. 4511).
  31. ↑ Certificate from 1r. April 1581; Landesarchiv NRW, Westphalia Münster department (Tecklenburg, Rhenish documents no. 113).
  32. ^ Hermann Aubin: Die Weistümer des Kurfürstentums Köln, Amt Hülchrath, pp. 331–333