Cologne hereditary bailiwick
The Kölner Erbvogtei was an administrative and judicial district in the Electorate of Cologne , which was last assigned to the Hülchrath office as a subordinate . The Cologne Erbvogt was originally a city vogt a secular representatives of the archbishop in the city of Cologne . As court lord he was next to the burgrave the highest sovereign ministerial in Cologne. With the emancipation of the city of Cologne into an imperial city , it lost its importance. An inheritance court , however, remained in place.
history
Vögte ( Latin advocati ) were mentioned in the archbishopric or the city of Cologne as early as the 10th century. In the 11th century there were two bailiffs. One was the monastery bailiff (referred to in the sources as Latin advocatus major , Latin advocatus sancti Petri , Latin advocatus Colonienssis ecclesiae ). The archbishops often gave this office to regional dynasts. The Counts of Saffenberg and later the Counts of Sayn acted as bailiffs . Their task was the secular safeguarding of interests and the protection of the archbishopric. Their actual importance, however, was relatively minor.
The city governor ( Latin advocatus urbis , Latin advocatus Coloniae , Latin advocatus de familia s. Petri ) must be distinguished from this. Later he was mainly called hereditary bailiff ( Latin advocatus hereditarius ). This bailiff originally appointed by the archbishop as representative of the sovereign and chairman of the court in Cologne had a deputy from the citizenry. The city bailiff himself came from the archbishop's ministerials or later from the nobility ( Latin nobilis advocatus ).
Initially, the city bailiff was reappointed annually on Margaret's Day ( July 13 ). Since 1189 at the latest, when Archbishop Philipp settled a dispute between the burgrave and the city bailiff, the office was hereditary and the owner was a feudal man of the archbishop. Even after the archbishops were disempowered in relation to their rights in the city and the city of Cologne developed into an imperial city, the bailiffs remained episcopal officials in the city as bailiffs with limited rights.
An inherited court was located on the Eigelstein . Associated with the office was a feudal court and the seat in the electoral parliament of Cologne. The hereditary bailiff's court was bought by the hereditary bailiff Rütger as early as 1262. It was free from all burdens and was the oldest knight's seat in the new suburban district, which lay outside of the still partially existing Roman walls of the medieval city.
The hereditary bailiff was owned by the Heppendorf family until the 14th century. In 1373 it fell back to the Archbishop as a failed fiefdom and was possibly again temporarily loaned to the House of Heppendorf before the office came to the House of Neuenahr . It came from Adolf von Neuenahr via his sister Magdalena to Arnold von Bentheim-Tecklenburg . However, this was disputed by Elector Ernst von Bayern , as Adolf was a follower of Archbishop Gebhard I von Waldburg, who had converted to Protestantism and deposed . Therefore Ernst withdrew the fief in 1612 without the heirs of the last owner having recognized this. The Netherlands campaigned for this . They even threatened war. A settlement was only reached under Elector Ferdinand , with the approval of the cathedral chapter . After 1658 the rights of the House of Bentheim were recognized. They pledged the office to Franz Egon and Hermann Egon von Fürstenberg in 1670 and they in turn pledged it to Thomas and Gottfried Quentel. But because they sided with the defeated Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg in the Cologne diocese dispute , their property was confiscated and the fief was withdrawn and not given again, although the Bentheim family denied this. Only through contracts from the years between 1728 and 1778 did the Bentheim-Tecklenburg house regain the title of hereditary bailiff and thus a seat on the count's bench of the electoral parliament. The rulership of the courts in Cologne remained with the elector.
Bailiffs and (from 1169) hereditary bailiffs
- Hermann I. (III.) Von Heppendorf, Lord von Rheydt (* around 1070/1100; † after 1158) 1124–1125 and 1139–1158 mentioned as hereditary bailiff
- Gerhard I von Heppendorf, Lord von Rheydt († after 1190) 1159–1190, owned the Cologne Bailiwick since 1169 when Archbishop Philip I von Heinsberg was granted it as a hereditary fief
- Hermann II. (IV.) Von Heppendorf, Lord von Rheydt (* around 1150/60; † 1234/35) 1190–1230
- Gerhard II. Von Heppendorf, Lord von Rheydt (* around 1180/90; † 1259) 1230–1259, married to Mechtild von Brempt († before 1256)
- Rüdiger I. von Heppendorf (around 1212; † 1268) 1259–1268, married to Gertrudis von Schinnen von Riehl († after 1264); he and his brother Wilhelm von Heppendorf, Herr zu Rheydt, died in the battle of the Ulrepforte
- Gerhard III. (VI.) Von Heppendorf 1268–1318, married to Kunigunde von Alpen
- Rüdiger (Rutger) II. (III.) Von Heppendorf († 1344/49), Pfandherr zu Alpen 1318–1344 / 49, married to Alveradis von Garsdorf († 1357)
- Gerhard IV. (VII.) Von Alpen († 1357/59) 1350–1357 / 59, married to Guda von Schwelm († after 1359)
- Gumprecht (Guptas) I. von (Heppendorf-) Alpen (Alpeym) and Garsdorf († 1379/80) 1357 / 59–1379 / 80, brother of the previous one, married to Elisabeth von der Mark, since 1371 in feud with Archbishop Friedrich III . von Saar Werden, who conquered Garsdorf, Merzenich and Rösberg in 1372/73. In 1373 the hereditary bailiff was deposed, confirmed in 1374 by Emperor Charles IV , he was imprisoned in Godesberg from 1374 to 1378 , then he was reassigned with the hereditary bailiff
- Gumprecht II von Alpen († 1423) 1380 / 81–1418, married to Sweinolt von Harff, led feuds against the city of Cologne (about the drive between Cologne and Neuss), against the chapter of St. Aposteln (about a court in Müngersdorf ) and against the cathedral chapter (about the right to stand for travelers ( varenden steden ) in the cathedral courtyard during the Cologne sanctuary tour in 1391). His " bastard son " Gomprecht von Alpen was not entitled to inheritance, Gumprecht II gave the hereditary bailiwick in 1418/22 to his nephew Gumprecht von Neuenahr. His brother Gerhard (Gerit) von Heppendorf-Alpen († 1401), married to Katherina von Dyck († 1443), was enfeoffed with Alps by Geldern in 1382 ,
-
Gumprecht (I.) III. von Neuenahr , Lord of Rösberg (Rodisberg) († 1425), 1422–1425; Nephew of the previous one, son of Count Johann III. von Neuenahr-Rösberg († 1405) and (∞ around 1360) Alveradis von Heppendorf († after 1416) - a daughter of Gumprecht I von Alpen and Garsdorf († 1381/82) -, married to Philippa von Loon - Heinsberg (* around 1370; † around 1430).
Johann II. (III.) Von Heppendorf, Lord von Rheydt († 1435) was enfeoffed in 1424 as the alleged heir to Gumprecht II of the Alps from King Sigismund of Luxembourg with the hereditary bailiwick of the city and the monastery of Cologne as an imperial fief, but could his claim not enforce. -
Gumprecht (II.) IV. Von Neuenahr (* around 1400; † 1484) 1425–1484.
The squire Elbert von Alpen- Hönnepel († 1455) around 1452/53, Vinzenz von Moers-Saar Werden (1414–1499) as an ally of Archbishop Ruprecht of the Palatinate in 1469 and Duke Karl of Burgundy in 1473 during the Cologne collegiate feud tried unsuccessfully to rule the Alps or to usurp the Cologne hereditary bailiwick - Wilhelm I von Neuenahr-Bedburg-Rösberg , named as successor by Gumprecht IV in his will, renounced the hereditary bailiwick in 1484 in favor of his nephew
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Gumprecht (I., III.) V. von Neuenahr-Alpen 1484–1504;
Dietrich von Bronkhorst-Batenburg († 1508), son of Heinrich von Bronkhorst-Batenburg and Katharina von Alpen-Hönnepel, tried unsuccessfully to take possession of the Alps - Gumprecht (II., IV.) VI. and Friedrich († 1527/28) von Neuenahr-Alpen 1504–1555; Count Philipp II von Waldeck initially served as guardian ; In 1516, Philipp von Waldeck's proposal to appoint Wilhelm van Heinsberg as owner (administrator) of the Cologne bailiwick was rejected, at the latest in 1521 Gumprecht von Neuenahr acts independently as bailiff
- Adolf von Neuenahr 1555–1589, 1555–1570 represented by his guardian Hermann von Neuenahr
- Magdalena von Neuenahr-Alpen represented by her husband Arnold von Bentheim-Tecklenburg 1589–1606
- Adolf von Bentheim-Tecklenburg (claim) 1606–1623; In 1612 the fiefdom was withdrawn
- Arnold Jost and Wilhelm Heinrich von Bentheim-Steinfurt (claim) 1623–1632
- Moritz von Bentheim-Tecklenburg 1632–1670, recognized by the Archbishop from 1658
- Franz Egon , Bishop of Strasbourg , and Hermann Egon von Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg 1670–1688 (pledge possession)
- Thomas and Gottfried von Quentel 1688–1689 (pledge), moving in because of the alleged felony of the brothers as supporters of the coadjutor Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg in the Cologne diocese dispute and reversion to the Electorate of Cologne (contested by Bentheim)
Administrative and judicial district
The hereditary bailiwick of Cologne emerged from the bailiwick over the city of Cologne and originally also included the ban on the city and the courts of Hacht , St. Gereon and Eigelstein. The Cologne bailiwick also initially supervised the 12 Fronhöfe (" xii curtes ") from the archbishop's table goods in Elberfeld , Hilden , Zons , Niehl , Deutz , Merrig (= curtis in myrica ; German: "Hof in der Heide", today Kierberg ) and Pingsdorf near Brühl , Longerich , Deckstein (today in Cologne-Lindenthal ), Blatzheim near Kerpen , Merzenich near Zülpich and Rüdesheim near Euskirchen (" Elvervelde, Helden, Zunze, Nyle, Duze, Merreche, Pinnistorp, Lunreche, Dekstein, Blatsheim, Merzenich, Rudinsheim ”). When the goods in Merzenich and Rüdesheim were given as fiefs elsewhere, they were replaced by farms in Broich and Bardenberg (" Burche et Bardenbarch ") near Würselen .
In the 18th century the bailiwick was a subordinate of the Hülchrath office and included the following localities:
- Bickendorf
- Melaten with Mechtern and the Subbelrather Hof
- half the village of Longerich with the Bergheimer and Heimersdorfer Höfe, the Heckhof and the Nüssenberger Hof and Lindweiler
- Volkhoven
swell
- Archbishop Philipp declares that he has given the city-Cologne bailiwick, which used to be awarded annually at the Margaret Festival, now as a hereditary fief to the early bailiff, knight Gerhard von Eppendorf. - 1169. In: Leonard Ennen , Gottfried Eckertz (edit.): Sources on the history of the city of Cologne , vol. I. Du Mont-Schauberg, Cologne 1860, no. 77, p. 559f ( digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf)
- Know about the funny thing about Cologne. 1169. , The court on the Eigelstein zu Cöln , Cölner Scheffenweise. 1375. and Cologne service law. In: Jacob Grimm , Ernst Dronke , Heinrich Beyer (eds.): Weisthümer , Vol. II. Dieterich, Göttingen 1840, pp. 741–754 ( digitized in the Internet Archive)
- Eduard Aander-Heyden: History of the family of the Barons von Elverfeldt , Bd. I / 1 documents and registers I. Volume (up to 1500) . Martini & Grüttesien, Elberfeld 1883; Vol. I / 2 Documents and Regesta II. Volume 1500–1885 together with supplements from 1143 on. Bädeker, Elberfeld 1886 ( digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf)
- Wisdom of the Deckstein court , hereditary rulership court to S. Gereon in Cologne and legal instruction of the hereditary judges for the court of Garsdorf. 1448. In: Hermann Aubin (arr.): Die Weistümer der Rheinprovinz , Abt. 2 Die Weistümer des Kurfürstentums Köln , Bd. II Amt Brühl . H. Behrendt, Bonn 1914 (reprint Droste, Düsseldorf 1996), pp. 185-192
- Burgsteinfurt. Schloß, II. Rep. A. 4. Electoral Cologne lendings a) Hereditary Bailiwick of Cologne , b) Dominion of the Alps and IV. Rep. G. 3. Neuenahrsche hereditary estates a) Neuenahr, Alps, Helpenstein, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Brederode, Lennep, Mörs) , c) Rule of the Alps and d) Hereditary Bailiwick of Cologne . In: Ludwig Schmitz-Kallenberg (edit :): Inventories of the non-state archives of the Steinfurt district . (Publications of the Historical Commission of the Province of Westphalia. Inventories of the non-state archives of the Province of Westphalia 1,4). Aschendorff, Münster 1907, pp. 59–61 and 131–133 (= pp. 547 * –549 * and 619 * –621 *) ( digitized version from the University and State Library of Münster)
- Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977 ( PDF of the Landschaftsverband Rheinland)
literature
- Friedrich Everhard von Mering : Contributions to the history of the Old City of Cologne constitution up to 1798. Cologne, 1830, pp. 39–41 ( Google Books )
- Ernst Maximilian Lambert: The development of the German city defenses in the Middle Ages . Bd. II / 3/1 Cities of ecclesiastical princes . Verlag des Waisenhauses, Halle 1865, pp. 172–177 ( Google Books )
- Eduard Aander-Heyden: History of the family of the Freiherrn von Elverfeldt , Bd. II / 1 The history I. Volume. Bädeker, Elberfeld 1890, esp. Pp. 1–70 ( digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf)
- Friedrich Lau: Development of the municipal constitution and administration of the city of Cologne up to the year 1396. (Prize writings of the Mevissen Foundation 1). H. Behrendt, Bonn 1898, esp. Pp. 14–20 and 43–48 ( digitized in the Internet Archive)
- Otto Oppermann : Critical Studies on Older Cologne History, Part III. In: Westdeutsche Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kunst 21 (1902), pp. 4–118 and plates 1–2, esp. Pp. 54–57 ( Google Books ; limited preview), ( digitized in the Internet Archive)
- Manfred Wolf: The dispute over the pledging of the Alps . In: Hans-Georg Schmitz (Ed.): Alps. Festival book for the 900th anniversary celebration . o. O. o. J. [Büderich 1974], pp. 20-30, especially p. 30
- Heike Hawicks: The bailiffs of Cologne or counts of Neuenahr, gentlemen of the Alps . In: dies .: Xanten in the late Middle Ages. Abbey and city in the field of tension between Cologne and Kleve . (Rheinisches Archiv 150). Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2007, p. 345 ( Google Books ; limited preview)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Wilhelm Fabricius : Explanations of the historical atlas of the Rhine province, Volume 2: The map of 1789. Bonn 1898, p. 77, 101.
- ↑ a b c Cf. - also on the following - Anton Fahne : History of the counts, current princes of Salm-Reifferscheid, as well as their countries and seats, along with the genealogy of the families from which they took their wives , Vol. I / 2. J. M. Heberle, H. Lempertz, Cologne 1866, pp. 7f and 10 ( Google Books ).
- ↑ Hermann Schaub: The rule of Rheda and their royal seat. Bielefeld, 2006 p. 90
- ↑ a b Cf. Ludwig Schmitz-Kallenberg: Rheydter Chronik. History of the rule and city of Rheydt , Bd. I Aeußere Geschichte Rheydt . Langewiesche, Rheydt 1897, pp. 10–15 ( digitized version of the University and State Library in Düsseldorf).
- ↑ a b c d e Cf. Manfred Wolf: The dispute over the pledging of the Alps . In: Hans-Georg Schmitz (Ed.): Alps. Festival book for the 900th anniversary celebration . o. O. o. J. [Büderich 1974], pp. 20-30, especially p. 30; Heike Hawicks: The bailiffs of Cologne or counts of Neuenahr, gentlemen of the Alps . In: dies .: Xanten in the late Middle Ages. Abbey and city in the field of tension between Cologne and Kleve . (Rheinisches Archiv 150). Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2007, p. 345.
- ↑ a b documents of October 23, 1351, January 6 and July 19, 1353; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 1037 Raitz von Frentz (family), house archive Haus Schlenderhahn, A 39/3; inventory 271 White Women, U 2/102; inventory 1 main document archive, U 1/2072).
- ↑ Cf. Theodor Joseph Lacomblet (arrangement): Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln , Vol. III From the year 1301 to 1400 inclusive . Schaub, Düsseldorf 1853, No. 748, p. 642f ( digitized version of the University and State Library Bonn)
- ↑ Cf. Regest of November 11, 1374, Mainz; Regesta Imperii VIII, No. 5424.
- ↑ See process files, 1169–1626; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Reich Chamber of Commerce, Part VI, MO, 4078 - Az. N 306/897); Deeds of July 28, 1371 and July 31, 1378; Regesten with Günter Aders (arrangement): documents and files of the Neuenahrer lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Köln 1977, No. 28, p. 14, No. 337, p. 106, and No. 358, p. 114.
- ↑ See documents from October 1, 1387, June 24, 1394 and August 31, 1400 and ö .; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 160 poor administration, U 1/1594; inventory 310 Reichskammergericht - letter M, A 76; inventory 21 incoming letters dated, A 783).
- ^ Document of March 24, 1386; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 2 / 3740GB).
- ↑ See documents of June 25, 1394 and December 29 [1400]; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 Haupturkundenarchiv, U 2/5273; holdings 21 incoming letters, dated, No. 844).
- ↑ See document dated November 6, 1406; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 1 / 7384B).
- ↑ a b See documents of January 27, 1418 and letters of May 18, 1422; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Kurköln, documents no. 1570); Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 2 / 8944A; holdings 21 dated letters, A 1702 and 1703).
- ↑ Cf. Manfred Wolf: The dispute over the pledging of the Alps . In: Hans-Georg Schmitz (Ed.): Alps. Festival book for the 900th anniversary celebration . o. O. o. J. [Büderich 1974], pp. 20-30, especially p. 30; Florian Glasses: Schönau • Schönforst. A study of the history of the Rhenish-Maasland nobility in the late Middle Ages . (diss. phil. animal). Trier 1999, pp. 268-272 and plate 3c.
- ^ Regest of a document dated January 27, 1424, issued in Visegrád (Plintenburg); RI XI, 1 n.5756 ( digitized in Regesta Imperii Online).
- ↑ Cf. Günter Aders (arrangement): Documents and files of the Neuenahrer lordships and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne. (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977, No. 597, p. 179; No. 602, p. 181; No. 608, p. 182.
- ^ Regest of January 17, 1469; Heinrich Kochendörffer (edit.): Documents from the archives of the princes and former counts of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim and Dyck at Dyck Castle (Rhineland) . In: Archivalische Zeitschrift 33 (1914), pp. 107–156, esp. No. 71, p. 125.
- ↑ See certificate from Emperor Frederick III. from 1475; Österreichisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wien (House, Court and State Archives, Dutch documents (1196–1792), no. 468).
- ↑ Certificate of March 17, 1484; Regest with Günter Aders (arrangement): documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977, No. 755, p. 215.
- ↑ Cf. Landesarchiv NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Reichskammergericht, 288 - Az. B 616/2625, sheets 82f, 95-101 and 104f) and a.
- ↑ "overlord of Geesthacht court because of his guardianship of the infant Count Gumprecht and Friedrich von Neuenahr," court documents, 1511-1527; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 310 Reichskammergericht - letters U, A 2).
- ↑ See Council minutes of February 29, 1516; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 10 council minutes A 3, sheet 20).
- ↑ See advertised document of December 4, 1521; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 102H Hacht shrine documents, U 2/143).
- ↑ See historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 310N Reichskammergericht - letter N, A 11, vol. IV (old signature: N510 / 902)). The regest is somewhat imprecise, read correctly: "Plaintiff: Hermann Graf von Neuenahr, Moers and Limburg, Herr zu Bedburg, Alpen and Hackenbroich, guardian of Adolph von Neuenahr (underage son of Count † Gumprecht von Neuenahr, owner of the Cologne hereditary bailiwick). /. Defendant: Mayor and Council of the City of Cologne ”.
- ↑ See documents of December 30, 1612, August 10, 1613 and September 10, 1619; United Westphalian Aristocratic Archives e. V. (Harkotten II archive, Harkotten house, certificate 176; Assen archive, certificate 1896; Tatenhausen archive, certificate 287).
- ↑ See process files (1613) 1624–1627; State Archives Osnabrück (Repertory 900 Reichskammergericht, No. 581).
- ↑ See documents of October 19, 1625 and October 2, 1632, trial from 1630; United Westphalian Aristocratic Archives e. V. (Tatenhausen archive, documents 182 and 289); Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Reichskammergericht I, 303 - Az. B 664/2673).
- ↑ Cf. Weisthum on the Witziggedinge zu Cöln. 1169. , The court on the Eigelstein zu Cöln , Cölner Scheffenweise. 1375. and Cologne service law. In: Jacob Grimm, Ernst Dronke, Heinrich Beyer (eds.): Weisthümer , Vol. II. Dieterich, Göttingen 1840, p. 751; Ferdinand Frensdorff : The right of the servants of the Archbishop of Cologne . In: Mitteilungen aus der Stadtarchiv von Köln 2 (1883), pp. 1–69, esp. Pp. 6 and 29.
- ↑ Cf. Ferdinand Frensdorff: The right of the servants of the Archbishop of Cologne . In: Mitteilungen aus der Stadtarchiv von Köln 2 (1883), pp. 1–69, esp. Pp. 6 and 29; Robert Prössler: The Archbishopric of Cologne in the time of the Hereditary Bishop Konrad von Hochstaden. Organizational and economic foundations in the years 1238–1261 . (diss. phil.). Janus, Cologne 1997, p. 124.
- ↑ Cf. Leonard Ennen: The Cologne arbitration award from 1169, a critical investigation into the authenticity of the same . Du Mont-Schauberg, Cologne 1860 ( Google Books ).