Hermann von Neuenahr the Younger

Count Hermann von Neuenahr and Moers, statue in Krefeld next to the main portal of the old church by Curt Beckmann

Hermann Graf von Neuenahr (Nuenar, a Nvenar, de Nova Aquila, van Nieuwenar) and Moers (Meurß, Mörsch), Lord von Bedburg (Bedbur) and Rösberg, Krefeld and Cracau , from 1555 to 1570 also regent of the county of Limburg and administrator of Cologne Erbvogtei (born  October 28, 1520, presumably in Moers , † December 4, 1578 in Bedburg ) was a German statesman with humanistic education and promoter of the Reformation on the Lower Rhine .

While Hermann von Neuenahr did not succeed in asserting Neuahrische inheritance claims in Luxembourg ( rule Rodemachern ) or - for his minor nephew and nieces - from the county of Wertheim am Main, he was able to rule the family in the county of Moers , the rule of Linn with Krefeld or consolidate in Amt Hülchrath . In the Netherlands, he secured the Geldrischen fiefs Weert , Wessem and the bailiwick through the Thorn Imperial Monastery from the inheritance of the Counts of Horn and the Dutch rule Altena for Neuenahr.

Despite his Protestant sentiments, Hermann von Neuenahr had a good relationship with the emperors Charles V , who enfeoffed him with the duties on the Meuse in 1554 , and Ferdinand I Maximilian II appointed Hermann von Neuenahr to the imperial council in 1566. Count Hermann could not prevent the execution of his brother-in-law Philippe de Montmorency, Count von Hoorn in 1568. As Kurkölner hereditary steward and long-time administrator of the Cologne hereditary bailiff , he had great influence in the electorate and in 1577 played a decisive role in the election of Gebhard Truchseß zu Waldburg as Archbishop of Cologne.

Life

Hermann von Neuenahr was the son of Count Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr (* around 1485/87; † 1552) and the heiress of the County of Moers , Countess Anna von Wied (* around 1500; † 1528), a niece of the Archbishop of Cologne and Elector Hermann V. von Wied (1477–1552, ruled 1515–1547) and the Münster bishop Friedrich III. von Wied († 1551; r. 1522–1532) and cousin of the Archbishop of Cologne, Count Friedrich IV. von Wied (* around 1518; † 1568; r. 1562–1567). The Cologne cathedral provost and university chancellor, Count Hermann von Neuenahr the Elder (1492–1530), was his uncle. Hermann was probably born in Moers Castle ; He was baptized by Johannes IV Middels († 1524) from Hüls , who was abbot of the Cistercian monastery from 1504 to 1524 .

Ancestors of Hermann von Neuenahr and Moers
Great grandparents	Gumprecht II. Count von Neuenahr (* around 1400; † 1484), hereditary bailiff of Cologne, Lord of the Alps , 1459 co-count of Limburg ⚭ 1425 Margareta Countess of Limburg (before 1419 − around 1459), mistress of Bedburg and Hackenbroich	Kuno (Konrad) I. Count of Manderscheid (* around 1444, † 1489), Lord of Schleiden, Neuenstein and Kasselburg ⚭ 1459 Walpurgis Countess von Horn (* around 1443, † 1476), mistress of Altena	Friedrich IV. Herr von Runkel († 1487), from 1454 Count zu Wied, Herr zu Braunsberg, Dierdorf and Ysenburg ⚭ before 1454 Agnes von Virneburg (* around 1436; † 1478)	Friedrich V. Young Count of Moers and Saar Werden (* around 1445, † around 1472) ⚭ 1462 Elisabeth von Rodemachern (* around 1445; † after 1503), mistress of Bolchen ( Boulay )
Grandparents	Wilhelm I. Count von Neuenahr (* around 1447–1497), Lord of Bedburg ⚭ 1484 Walburga Countess von Manderscheid (1468–1530 / 35), mistress of Schleiden		William III. Count zu Wied (* around 1455/60; † 1526), ​​Lord zu Ysenburg and Runkel ⚭ 1481 Margareta Countess of Moers (* around 1465; † 1515)
parents	Wilhelm II. Count von Neuenahr (* around 1485/91; † 1552) ⚭ 1518 Anna Countess zu Wied and Moers (* around 1500; † 1528), mistress of Rodemachern and Boulay
Hermann Graf von Neuenahr and Moers (1520–1578)

Junggraf von Neuenahr and Moers

Education, marriage and travel

Hermann von Neuenahr enjoyed a humanistic education from Johannes Caesarius (1468–1550) and his uncle Hermann von Neuenahr. He spoke Latin and French well, as the English diplomat Nicholas Wotton († 1567) reported to Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex († 1540) in 1539 , and also had knowledge of ancient Greek and Hebrew. Count Hermann probably studied in France .

A marriage between Hermann von Neuenahr and the imperial niece Christina of Denmark (1521–1590), widow of Duke Francesco II. Sforza (1495–1535) of Milan, planned by Emperor Charles V (1500–1558) since 1534 , did not materialize. In 1538 he married Countess Magdalena von Nassau-Dillenburg (1522–1567), daughter of William the Rich of Nassau (1487–1559), a half-sister of William I of Orange (1533–1584). Magdalena brought in 10,000 gold gulden bridal treasure money.

In the spring of 1539, “Wilhelm took grave to Neuenar; Herr Hermann grave zu Neunar irer gnoden sone “took part in peace negotiations between the ambassadors of Emperor Charles V and the Schmalkaldic League ( Frankfurter Anstand ) at the Fürstentag in Frankfurt am Main . At the turn of the year 1539/40, Wirich V. von Daun-Falkenstein (1473–1546), “ the yong Alder of Nuenare and Roussenbergh, with xiij. persons ”, the Electoral Saxon court marshal Hans von Doltzig († 1551) and the Klevian chancellor Heinrich Bars called Olisleger († 1575) at the head of a delegation of 263, the Anna von Kleve (1515–1557) on her trip to the wedding with Heinrich VIII. From England (1491–1547) via Antwerp and Calais to London .

In 1542 his father, Count Wilhelm II von Neuenahr, was enfeoffed by Duke Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg and Geldern (1516–1592) with Krefeld and Cracau Castle . This area later belonged to Hermann von Neuenahr's domain. At the same time, the county of Moers had given up its imperial estate through recognition of the Jülich-Klevian fiefdom ( mediatization ) .

Student of the same name in Wittenberg

On April 27, 1542, a "Hermannus Neuenar Coloniensis" matriculated at the University of Wittenberg . Letters that he - together with Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) - addressed in November / December 1543 to Johannes Caesarius and a certain Hieronymus Neuinger, a long-time sponsor, in Cologne, prove that this student from Cologne was not the Count Herrmann von Neuenahr, but rather a civil namesake. Count Hermann was already married at this point and shortly afterwards entered military service. In 1543 he was not in Wittenberg, but in the Rhineland.

Hermann Neuenar was dining with Johannes Marcellus and studied dialectics, philosophy and Greek with Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon. In August Melanchthon had brought him 40 thalers from Bonn for his debts and the promise made by Count Wilhelm II of Neuenahr for a further 25 thalers to every Frankfurt or Leipzig fair. The money was to be sent by Echt via the Bachofen family in Cologne-Leipzig . Neuenar hoped that after the end of the War of the Geldr Succession, the farms would again be accessible for scholarships.

Reichstag in Speyer and participation in the campaign against France

At the beginning of 1544 Hermann von Neuenahr and his father Wilhelm II took part in the Speyer Reichstag with the delegation from Kurköln . Then Hermann von Neuenahr served Emperor Charles V in the third campaign against France . Franz von Manderscheid (1514–1548), who had also been to Speyer with his father, and he and their horsemen and foot soldiers waited in Nancy (“Maasbrück”) until the subsidies of the empire arrived, which the imperial treasurer Hugo Angelo (Angelite , Engelino, Engele). When the troops were mustered in Saint-Dizier on July 24, 1544, Hermann von Neuenahr led 200 light riders ( equites ; lancers ) provided by his father. A week earlier Renatus von Châlon, Prince of Orange-Nassau , a cousin of his wife, had died of a gunshot wound during the siege of the city.

Stolberg's guarantee after the resignation of Archbishop Hermann V. von Wied

In the years 1547 to 1549 Wilhelm II and his son Hermann von Neuenahr took on guarantees for debts of the former Archbishop Hermann V von Wied in the amount of 15,000 and 20,000 guilders under Hauptrecht (Hubrecht) von Dinslaken , citizens of Cologne, and Alheid von Dinslaken , Widow of Johann Key von Dinslaken, for which Ludwig von Stolberg-Königstein (1505–1574) and his brother Heinrich (1509–1572) together with some Cologne citizens from the “Society of noble living self-walking water art ” had vouched. In 1548/49, Wilhelm II and Hermann von Neuenahr sold the Dinslaken family annual guilders of 400 guilders for a total of 8,000 gold guilders from the incomes and income of their lords Bedburg and Rösberg as well as from the Hülchrath office pledged to them by the Archbishopric of Cologne . The "Dinslachter" family resold pensioners from the inheritance purchase letter issued in 1549 at 5% interest each: 1552 for 2000 guilders to Georg von Bellinghausen and his wife Gertrud von Leerodt and 1549/55 for 100 and 1000 guilders to Katharina Kessel, widow of Johann Wolff .

In 1554 one of the loans from Ludwig von Stolberg-Königstein was redeemed except for a remaining amount of 4,000 guilders. Lic. Konrad Dinslaken, a son of Alheid von Dinslaken, and Huprecht von Dinslaken (Dinstleck) tried from 1559 to collect debt claims from Hermann von Neuenahr. In 1568 Count Hermann issued a final receipt for 4000 gold guilders and arrears of interest.

After a ruling by the Reich Chamber of Commerce in 1562, Johann IV von Wied-Runkel and Ysenburg († 1581) paid Hermann V. von Wied from a 10,000 guilders guarantee for Hermann V von Wied for claims from the times of the Archbishops Ruprecht von der Pfalz and Hermann von Hessen ( Kölner Stiftsfehde ) returned 5000 guilders to Hermann von Neuenahr and set the Runkel rule as a pledge for another 5000 guilders ; In addition, he and Ludwig von Stolberg-Koenigstein were to pay a fine of 40 marks of lot gold in 1562 for a total of 20,000 guilders in debt . Around 1570 the Imperial Court of Justice obliged the Counts of Stollberg and von Wied to hold the Counts of Neuenahr harmless in these surety matters. In 1571, Johann IV von Wied-Runkel and Ludwig von Stollberg-Königstein had to buy back the retirement pensions or pawns for a total of 3000 guilders with accrued interest instead of Hermann von Neuenahr.

Council of the Archbishop of Cologne, Adolf von Schaumburg

In 1547/48 Hermann von Neuenahr took part in the Diet of Augsburg as a councilor to the Cologne Elector Adolf von Schaumburg (1511–1556; ruled 1547–1556) . In the spring of 1548 he started his return journey together with Field Marshal Johann Hilchen von Lorch (1484–1548), under whom he had served in the campaign against France, from the entourage of Count Wilhelm von Nassau-Dillenburg, Hermann's father-in-law; Johann Hilchen died shortly afterwards. Before the Augsburg Reichstag, Hermann von Neuenahr took a capital of 1000 guilders, which the late Prior Robert Hülß († 1546) of the Carmelite monastery in Moers had left behind. After the Augsburg interim in 1548, his father Wilhelm II had to pay the order annual interest on this sum.

In September 1548 Hermann stayed in Brussels with the 15-year-old Prince William I of Orange and in October 1548 with the imperial general Maximilian von Egmond (1500–1548), Count von Buren , a stepcousin of his father, and with Philippe de Montmorency , Count von Horn (* 1518/26; † 1568), in "Langey" ( Lannoy ?). On behalf of William I of Orange, who wanted to get engaged to his daughter Anna von Egmond (1533–1558) (⚭ 1551), he conducted negotiations with Maximilian von Egmond's executors in 1549. In 1551 Hermann von Neuenahr traveled to Brussels, Antwerp and Mechelen .

In 1550 and 1555 Hermann von Neuenahr and Moers and his wife Magdalena von Nassau vouched for Diederich von der Lipp called Hoen († 1565) zu Bleijenbeek and his wife Alheit Schenk von Nideggen († 1555) for two obligations of his brother-in-law Philippe de Montmorency, Count of Horn. In 1551, together with his father, Hermann pledged the gradient from Crakau and Krefeld to Diederichs von der Lipp Bruder, the Drosten von Moers and Crakau Bertram von der Lipp called Hoen († 1557) to Dreven (near Hohenbudberg), and for a debt of 5514 gold gulden his wife Beatrix von Galen († 1561). The von der Lipp heirs later litigated against Hermann von Neuenahr, Walburgis von Neuenahr, among themselves and against Archbishop Ernst von Bayern for the payment of the bonds.

Archbishop Adolf von Schaumburg, as guardian of Prince Wilhelm I of Orange, authorized Hermann von Neuenahr, the imperial chief steward Claude de Bouton , Lord of Corbaron († 1556), cathedral canon Gottfried Gropper (1507–1571), the Cologne councilor Johann Richwin († ) in 1550 1552/56) and the Nassau-Dillenburg councilor Wilhelm Knüttel (1510–1566) from Siegen to represent his ward in the Katzenelnbogen succession dispute . On July 28, 1550, on the occasion of a court festival of Archbishop Adolf in Cologne, Hermann von Neuenahr got into a dispute with the court master of Cologne, Count Bernhard von Nassau-Beilstein († 1556), which, after lengthy mediation, was not settled until November 8, 1550 through the mediation of the archbishop could be.

On May 24, 1551 Hermann von Neuenahr, his wife Magdalena and his sister Anna Walburga were guests at the wedding of the Bavarian hereditary forest master at Höhnhart and Mautners zu Straßwalchen , Oswald Rainer zum Erb and Teichstätt from the Friedburg nursing court , and Magdalena Hölzl, daughter of the Tyrolean Chamber President Blasius Hölzl von Thierburg († 1526), ​​which was hosted by Duke Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg in the Schwanenburg . In honor of the bride and groom, a tournament ( hastiludia ; a so-called "spear-breaking") took place the next day on the Hoy near Kleve .

In 1552 Hermann von Neuenahr and his father Wilhelm II prescribed an annual pension of 150 gold gulden from a Jülich-Klevian fief of 300 gold gulden on customs at Orsoy to the Klevian councilor Dr. Jakob Omphal (1500–1567) and his wife Elisabeth von Bellinghausen. After the death of his father in 1553, Hermann von Neuenahr was enfeoffed again by Duke Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg, the Count of Mark , for this sum of 300 gold guilders from the Orsoyer customs . He also received a man loan from Duke Wilhelm of 100 Upper Rhenish guilders from the Düsseldorf customs.

Governing Count

Entry into government

County of Moers (1633)

Since 1552, after the death of his father, Hermann was the ruling Count of Neuenahr and Moers and Lord of Bedburg as well as the Hereditary Steward of Kurköln . With the motto “non plus” (= “no more”) he is said to have renounced the drinking horn and dice after taking office. But there are also reports from later times about his high beer and wine consumption. When the Moers Castle was being converted, Count Hermann had the motto carved into the newly built part. "Non plus" represents a humanistic counterpoint to the motto " Plus ultra " (= "Always further"), as it was included in the coat of arms of Emperor Charles V in the same epoch. Erasmus von Rotterdam quoted the motto “Non plus… quam sat est” (= “No more… than is sufficient”) according to Plutarch as the answer of Teleklos ( Telecrus ) to the question about his fortune and commented: “Wealth did not become after greed , but measured according to needs ”.

In the year he took office, Count Hermann Jakob von Reuschenberg enfeoffed the Velzhof (today Felshof , rebuilt in 1748) and 112 acres of land in the Büttgen parish , which were sub-leased to Heinrich von Randerath.

In 1553 Hermann von Neuenahr was enfeoffed by Duke Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg with the county of Moers and various other goods. A succession dispute over the county of Moers with the brothers Johann III./IV. (1511–1574) and Adolf von Nassau-Saarbrücken (1526–1559) and their heirs, in whom the Count Palatinate mediated by imperial order from 1555 , was not completed until Hermann's death. On December 15, 1578, when Hermann von Neuenahr had already died, Ludwig VI. von der Pfalz (1539–1583) him and the Counts Albrecht von Nassau-Weilburg-Ottweiler (1537–1593) and Philip III. from Nassau-Saarbrücken (1542–1602) invited to Heidelberg for a decision meeting.

Reichstaler of Count Hermann von Neuenahr and Moers, 1562; Woodcut around 1571 (transcription incorrectly reproduced, read: NVENAR instead of: AVRNA • R )

Due to a coin privilege , Hermann von Neuenahr had silver Reichstaler and six- Heller pieces struck in 1552, 1557, 1562, 1567, 1569 and 1570 . In 1562 this led to a conflict with the imperial chamber master, who was apparently initially unaware of the privilege. Count Hermann was a trade in the Rhonard mine near Olpe , where he, Count Johann VI. von Nassau-Dillenburg (1536–1606) and Count Hermann von Hatzfeld (1527–1600) each participated in one third.

By Count Dietrich V. von Manderscheid (1508–1560) and his son Dietrich VI. von Manderscheid (1538–1593) received Hermann von Neuenahr from 1552 to the final installment in 1565 from a loan from his father an annual pension of 200 gold guilders. In Geldern he took over the bailiwick of the Augustinian convent of Nazareth and awarded the Hartmeshof, the Poelmanshof, the Sittermans-Gut (see today Sittermansweg ) and the Ter Stegen estate in the Hontschaft Vernum (Vernhem) in the court of Nieukerk as its fief .

Hermann von Neuenahr and Philippe von Horn held talks at the Düsseldorf court in January 1553 . In the spring of 1553, Emperor Charles V considered appointing Count Hermann von Neuenahr as one of the new Imperial Court Councilors. He commissioned him in July, together with councilor Karel Tisnack (Charles de Tisnacq) († 1573) and General Lazarus von Schwendi (1522–1583), to conduct alliance negotiations with Elector Moritz von Sachsen (1521–1553) in Eger . The Venetian envoy Marcantonio Amulio (1506–1572) reported to the Doge that the delegation had a secret mission to move Margrave Albrecht II. Alcibiades of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1522–1557) to a raid against France. A day in Eger planned for July 24, 1553, however, did not materialize because Moritz von Sachsen died a few days earlier from the consequences of an injury sustained in the battle of Sievershausen . Hermann von Neuenahr did not take part in the conference with Electoral Saxony, which was finally moved to Zeitz in October 1553.

In 1553 Count Hermann prescribed an annual pension of 200 guilders from the income from Bedburg to the Jülisch-Klevischen Hofmeister Werner von Hochsteden-Niederzier (1499–1565) zu Nothausen, bailiff of Kaster, Grevenbroich and Gladbach, and his wife, the songbook author Katharina von Hatzfeld-Wildenburg (* around 1521; † 1578). He pledged goods to Morken and Königshoven for it .

Magdalena von Nassau-Dillenburg, Count Herrmann's wife, was one of the godmothers of Princess Magdalena von Jülich-Kleve-Berg (1553–1633), who was baptized by the court chaplain Arnold Bongard († around 1568) on November 12, 1553 in Kleve . On November 19, 1553, a conference took place in Kleve, at which the Electoral Cologne choir bishop Count Friedrich von Wied , Abbot Hermann von Werden, seven other counts, the Jülich chancellor Johann Ghogreff , councilors from Kleve and Wesel aldermen took part over border disputes between Count Hermann von Neuenahr and Moers and the City Council of Duisburg ( senatus Teutoburgensis ). In a dispute between Gotthard von Reifferscheid zu Monheim and Johann IX. von Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (1513–1559) arranged for Duke Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg and Count Hermann von Neuenahr and Moers to conclude a settlement ( recess ) in 1554 .

Roermond Venlo Maastricht Uikhoven Seas Stokkem Kathagen Heppeneert pole Ool Buggenum boiler

“Schleidener Zoll” on the Meuse

Emperor Karl V enfeoffed Hermann von Neuenahr in 1554 with the tariffs on the Limburg Meuse between Maastricht and Venlo , which his Manderscheid-Schleiden and Neuenahr ancestors had already owned as the so-called " Schleidener Zoll ". Hermann leased the Maas tariffs to his sister Anna Walburga in 1560.

In 1555, through the mediation of cathedral canon Gottfried Gropper and councilor Jakob Omphal (ampholien), Count Hermann concluded a settlement with Abbot Benedikt Kessel († 1556) and the convent of St. Pantaleon in Cologne about the tax claim from the Born estate and farm on Woltersheide near Brüggen ; In 1569 he reached an agreement with the monastery to replace the long lease. In 1555 Hermann von Neuenahr and Moers enfeoffed Bernhard von Hüls with Haus Rath in the parish Bockum in the Amt Uerdingen, at the same time a loan from Kurköln followed.

Regent of the county of Limburg and administrator of the Cologne hereditary bailiwick

After 1555, Count Hermann took the children Amalia (1539–1602) - later Electress of the Palatinate -, Magdalena (1550–1626) - later Countess of Tecklenburg - and Adolf (* around 1554; † 1589) of his deceased cousin 2nd degree Graf Gumprecht II of Neuenahr and Limburg (* around 1503, † 1555) in Moers Castle and became their guardian. Until his nephew Adolf came of age in 1570, he took over the regency in the County of Limburg and exercised its rights from the Cologne hereditary bailiwick . Hermann von Neuenahr was formally enfeoffed with Hohenlimburg Castle and the Beckhausen Court by Duke Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg in 1560 . For his ward he made after the death of Count Michael III. von Wertheim (1529–1556) claims against Count Ludwig zu Stolberg-Königstein on the inheritance of her great-grandfather Wilhelm I von Wertheim (1421–1482), to which u. a. the lordship of Breuberg in the Odenwald belonged. In the 1560s he campaigned as the guardian of his ward Adolf von Neuenahr against the chapter of St. Kunibert for the preservation of hereditary rights in Mauenheim .

Together with his wife Magdalena von Nassau, Hermann von Neuenahr from the Kamp monastery had its righteousness in leasehold in the Mittel-Vluynbusch ( Busch called Middelflumer ), in the Eickhauser Heide (today: Eickhausweg in Neukirchen-Vluyn ) and the Rheurdter Heide as well as the Laten lawyers owned in Winterswick . Like his father, Hermann was enfeoffed from the Werden Abbey with the dominion of Friemersheim including the Steinhof, zur Borg (ter Borgh, today: Am Borgschenhof ) and Homberg , fishing in the Rhine near Friemersheim and the brand bushes. In 1556 Hermann appealed to the Geldrischen estates to restore the lost income from his pledges in the county of Kessel and in the office of Krickenbeck as well as the property of the customs in Tiel , which his father had already inherited from Count Vincenz von Moers-Saar († 1499) had claimed. The intervention seems to have been successful, because Herrmann later pledged pensions in the Krickenbeck office against a capital of 3000 guilders to Jakob Omphal. For Johann Georg I (1515–1579) and Hans Albrecht von Mansfeld-Vorderort (1522–1586) he vouched for a debt of 8,000 guilders at the Cologne Cathedral Chapter in 1556 and deposited the mortgage bonds on Hülchrath and the Morken farm as security . 1557 handed over Hermann von Neuenahr Hof Morken for an annual interest to Jakob von Harff (* around 1534; † 1566/74) to Empel and Friesheim, in 1564 he certified the resale of the lease to Jakob von Rottkirchen (1527-1617).

In the inheritance dispute over the Eyll house and the three Horl estates Hovestadt, Wüstenhof and Frintrop near Essen between the three daughters of the Essen Hereditary Marshal Johann auf dem Berge and his wife Sandera (Alexandra) von Eyll, namely Steffana (Stephanie) op dem Berge († around 1569 ) - married to Adolph von Steinhaus († around 1560) to Essen -, Catharina op dem Berge (* around 1520; † after 1567) - married to Johann von Raesfeld (* around 1510; † before 1562) in Hameren - and Elisabeth op the mountain d. Ä. († 1568) - married to Hereditary Marshal Goswin (Goessen) von Raesfeld (1518–1594) zu Eyll - had been affirmed on oath that the decision of the Schiedmann, Count Hermann zu Neuenahr and Moers, should be binding. House Eyll had been owned by Adolph von Steinhaus for nine years, Count Hermann awarded it to Goswin von Raesfeld in 1556. The dispute was the subject of long trials.

In April 1557 Wilhelm I of Orange and Hermann von Neuenahr tried in vain in Brühl to persuade Archbishop Anton von Schaumburg († 1558; reigned 1557) to join an anti-French defensive alliance of the Rhenish and Dutch territories. The renunciation of inheritance by his brother Wilhelm († 1580), provost of Meschede , later of Hildesheim, in favor of the ruling Count Otto IV of Holstein-Schaumburg (1517–1576) was sealed by “Count Hermann zu Nienaar” in Stadthagen .

In 1557 it was said that Hermann von Neuenahr owed 600 Karlsgulden to the Basel forwarding merchant ( expert ) Gian Angelo Calderini called Johann Schönengel († after 1573); Calderini's Cologne creditors tried to have the Reich Chamber Court collect this claim in their favor.

Together with his brother-in-law Philippe de Montmorency, Count von Horn, Hermann von Neuenahr led a legal dispute, in which his father had already been involved, against Count Ludwig von Stolberg-Königstein over the marriage property of the Ännchen von Rodemachern, a sister of his great-grandmother In 1467 he married Count Ludwig I von der Marck († 1498), Lord of Rochefort . Because of these disputed possessions of the Lords of Rochefort in the Ardennes , which included Chassepierre , Ivois , Florenville and Termes , Hermann von Neuenahr and Philippe von Horn appealed to the Luxembourg court of knights and raised a "personal claim" for 6000 gold guilders against Count Ludwig Stolberg-Königstein and Rochefort. Count Hermann himself traveled to Luxemburg (Lützenburgh) in early 1563 , probably on this matter.

Guardian of the Junggraves of Nassau-Dillenburg

Ludwig (left), Johann VI. (seated), Adolf and Heinrich von Nassau-Dillenburg; Painting by Wybrand de Geest, around 1630

After the death of his father-in-law Wilhelm von Nassau-Dillenburg in 1559, Hermann von Neuenahr and her eldest brother Wilhelm I of Orange were also one of the two guardians of Count Johann VI. (1536–1606), Ludwig (1538–1574), Adolf (1540–1568) and Heinrich von Nassau-Dillenburg (1550–1574) and their sisters. In May 1560 Hermann was present at the baptism of Wilhelm Ludwig von Nassau-Dillenburg (1560–1620) in the Nikolaikirche in Siegen . In 1562 he asked to be released from guardianship. However, he continued to act as the judicial curator of the half-orphans. 1564 he agreed as guardian in Diez the Diezer contract with Archbishop John VI. von der Leyen von Trier, where the Nassau-Dillenburgers waived a quarter of the County of Diez.

Lawsuits over inheritance and feudal property

With the Drost to Linn Dr. jur. Degenhard von Haes († 1584) zu Sollbrüggen , Hermann von Neuenahr quarreled about allegedly unauthorized interventions in his hereditary property at Linn, Uerdingen and Kempen . In 1560 he obtained a feudal court judgment against the Carthusian monastery of St. Beatus in Koblenz , which had withdrawn from him the feudal receipt with wine from slopes in Maasbommel . In the same year strained Gertrut from Brueggen , wife of Henry (of) Goltstein to Altlauvenburg in Kaarst , and her sister Elsgen, professed young woman in monastery Furstenberg at Xanten and later wife of Kaspar von Kleingedanck called Mommersloch († 1590) of Cologne, against Graf Hermann started a process before the Reich Chamber of Commerce for the Werden fiefdom of the Terburg (ter Borgh) west of Friemersheim. The trial of the “Hof zur Burg” was still pending when Hermann von Neuenahr died. Hermann litigated against Valenus von Geldern († 1565) in 1561 and against Jacob van Eick in 1569 for the church sentence and the tithe of Arcen (Arssen). In 1561 he offered the replacement of the new tithing in Gendt , and in 1562 he sat down with the abbess and convent of Graefenthal monastery about goods in Angeren and Gendt. The Brauweiler Abbey transferred Hermann zu Neuenahr and Moers and his wife Magdalena von Nassau bush and meadows on the Ville, including fields and meadows, and tithes near Ichendorf , in order to replace a cash pension. From 1565 he led a lawsuit against Petrus Medmann for goods in Fliesteden .

From the end of the 1550s, Hermann von Neuenahr conducted extensive correspondence with his relative, Count Wilhelm IV von dem Bergh 's-Heerenberg (1537–1586), who married his sister-in-law Maria von Nassau-Dillenburg (1539–1599) in Moers Castle in 1556 would have. Hermann tried in 1561 with Wilhelm IV von dem Bergh to get a certain "Frans van Newenahr" the office of mayor in Stevensweert , which was already taken. It is obvious to think of a natural son of his father Wilhelm II.

Privilegium de non appellando

In 1560 Count Herrmann received from Emperor Ferdinand I (1503–1564) a Privilegium de non appellando limitatum for lawsuits with amounts in dispute below 100 guilders, which after a trial before the Imperial Court of Justice in 1566 by Emperor Maximilian II (1527–1576) increased to 200 guilders has been.

The Archbishop of Cologne Gebhard von Mansfeld (1524–1562; ruled 1558) renewed the enfeoffment in 1561 with Bedburg, Garsdorf , Hof Morken (Mörick), Rösberg and the hereditary stewardship of the archbishopric. In 1561 Hermann von Neuenahr enfeoffed the bailiff of Grevenbroich and Gladbach Heinrich von Hochstetten with the Bartzgut belonging to the Bedburg lordship and around 120 acres of arable land ( Artland ) to Anstel and Nettesheim in the Hülchrath district and in 1569 agreed to the sale by Otto von Bylandt-Rheydt († 1591 ) and his wife Maria von dem Bongart († 1616) to Gerhardt Mohr († 1592) and his wife Margarethe von Weidenfeld (Wiedenfels) († after 1569). As sovereign of Rösberg , Count Hermann awarded the Deutschordensballei Koblenz , which had allodial goods there , disputed lands in 1563.

With the consent of Johann IX. von Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck, shortly before his death, Hermann von Neuenahr had redeemed the Reifferscheid " Törnisch " at the customs at Kaiserswerth , the Johann IX. Had pledged to the city of Neuss in 1520 . 1561 supported Hermann Johanns IX. Widow Countess Elisabeth von Henneberg-Schleusingen (1517–1577) and her sons Wilhelm, Werner and Johann in a dispute with Wilhelm Scheiffart von Merode († 1577) over the property of the lords of Alfter and Bornheim . The Kurkölner Hereditary Marshal's Office was connected with the rule of Alfter .

In August 1561 Hermann von Neuenahr took part in the wedding of Wilhelm I of Orange with Anna of Saxony (1544–1577) in Leipzig . On June 14, 1562, Hermann and his wife Magdalena von Nassau-Dillenburg accompanied his sister-in-law Maria von Nassau-Dillenburg and his brother-in-law Wilhelm I of Orange, who became godparents, to the baptism of Johann Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg (1562–1609 ).

Together with Knechtsteden Abbey , Neuenahr owned the tithes to Lobberich as a Moers pledge . After going to court in Arnhem for a long time , Count Herrmann compared himself in 1562 with the community, which has since been allowed to collect half of the tithe itself for an annual lease payment. In 1562, Hermann and his sister Anna Walburga von Neuenahr (1522–1600) gave away the castles and lordships of Rodemachern , Reichersberg , Hesperingen , Useldingen and half of Esch, which they claimed had been in possession of the Margraviate of Baden-Baden since 1479/92 on the Sauer to Walburga's first husband Philippe von Horn.

In October 1562, Hermann stayed in Bredelar Monastery . The trip was probably related to the high level of commitment of the monastery in mining in the Sauerland region of Cologne, for example in its possessions of Giershagen or lead washing . On November 24th and 30th, 1562, Hermann von Neuenahr and Moers took part in the election in Frankfurt am Main in the wake of the newly elected Cologne Elector Friedrich IV von Wied and at the same time in the wake of Duke Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg and the coronation of Maximilian II as German king.

Hereditary steward of Archbishop Friedrich IV of Wied

Friedrich IV von Wied, who was elected Archbishop of Cologne on November 19, 1562, tried to reorganize the finances of the cure monastery, which were burdened with debts by his predecessor Gebhard von Mansfeld, without coming into conflict with the cathedral chapter . Hermann von Neuenahr, who did not appear on the first day convened by the chapter in February 1563, after a preliminary talk with Frederick IV, summoned the two secular estates, counts and knighthood, as hereditary stewards on March 12, 1563 to a state parliament in Neuss. On that day, too, no amicable solution was found. With Archbishop Friedrich IV. Hermann concluded a contract in 1564 on the - today silted up - Mittelwerth bei Merkenich , which in future was to be regarded as an inheritance from Neuenahr, and the fishery at Merkenich in the office of Hülchrath. In the summer of 1564 Hermann von Neuenahr sealed the marriage speech between Vinzenz von Wylich -Winnenthal (1533–1574) to Diersfordt and Jutta von Palant (1540–1615) to Keppel and Voorst with red wax .

In 1565, Hermann von Neuenahr corresponded with Armgard von Rietberg († 1584), a granddaughter of his cousin Walburga von Brederode (1512–1567) and great-granddaughter of his aunt Anna von Neuenahr († 1535), about her enfeoffment with the County of Rietberg , that of Landgrave Philipp I. von Hessen was drafted after the death of her father. Her secretary and later Chancellor in Harlingerland Jost Wetter († around 1582), whom Hermann suspected of drafting Armgard's letters, he called a "bad guy". The doctor Johann Weyer from Kleve stayed in " Betsburg " in October 1565 .

In 1565, Duke Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg and Count Wilhelm IV von dem Bergh 's-Heerenberg signed a treaty on the border between their territories, which resulted in the setting of boundary stones at the Toten Landwehr in the Hetter-Millinger Bruch . Count Hermann von Neuenahr and the Klevian Chancellor Heinrich Bars called Olisleger acted as arbitrators when the contract was signed.

Imperial Council of Maximilian II.

Reichstag in Augsburg

Depiction of Count Hermann von Nuenare after an oil painting by an unknown painter in the Grafschafter Museum Moers on a 2 Mark emergency money note from the Bad Neuenahr spa administration, 1922

Maximilian II appointed Hermann von Neuenahr to the Imperial Council in 1566 and increased the sum of his Privilegium de non appellando limitatum . As a member of the court council, "Herman von Newena" took part in the Kaiser's entourage at the Augsburg Reichstag and the meetings of the Reichshof council in the spring of this year . When Philippe de Montmorency visited him in Moers after the Augsburg Diet, Count Hermann was critically ill.

In September 1566, according to a report by Hermann von Weinsberg (1518–1597) , Hermann von Neuenahr is supposed to be the fugitive Tilmann Iserenheuft (Isenhäupt, Eisernhaubt), who after a dispute with the Cologne bookseller Jacob Butterweck about paying for an edition of the - papally forbidden - Colloquia familiaria des Erasmus von Rotterdam had committed assaults in the cathedral and the executioner escaped on Melaten , had given shelter in Bedburg. According to court records, Tillmann was kept there in the Augustinian monastery because of mental illness. Weinsberg spreads the rumor that his mother “were a bastart van Nuwenar”, hence Hermann's half-sister or cousin.

Dutch uprising

The iconoclasm in the Netherlands at the beginning of the Dutch uprising in the summer of 1566 was - partly due to forged documents - initially the governor of Flanders and Artois Lamoral von Egmond (1522–1568) and the leader of the " Geusen " Heinrich von Brederode (1531–1568) - married to Count Hermann's ward Amalia von Neuenahr-Alpen - who had opposed the strict Catholic policy of Philip II of Spain (1527–1598). The agent of King Philip II in Flanders, Lorenzo de Villavicencio OESA (1501–1581), ultimately blamed the Count of Neuenahr for this:

“The Count of Nivenar… shows very great insubordination towards Ew. M. and equally dubious loyalty. Most of the malice and disrespect of the Counts of Egmont and von Brederode was born out of the wicked disposition of this Count. When dealing with Catholics, he is Lutheran in word and deed. When dealing with Lutherans, he is equally Catholic. And when he's drunk, he doesn't believe in God or the devil. He is a very depraved person. "

- Lorenzo de Villavicencio, 1566

At the religious conference from January 12 to 21, 1567 in Düsseldorf chaired by Wilhelm Ketteler (1512–1582), in which 28 Roman Catholic, Erasmi, Lutheran and Reformed politicians and theologians took part, Hermann von Neuenahr was his Had planned to participate because he would like to promote "Gottesz and his word rather hett help", not invited by Duke Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg. He was told that he "will not be promoted on the called tagh". Since he “wanted to know that many people would not like to see me there” and he was not a Klevian councilor, he did not want to appear there without being called.

On February 1, 1567, Wilhelm I of Orange, Heinrich von Brederode, Philippe de Montmorency, Count von Horn, Antoine II. De Lalaing, Comte de Hoogstraten (1530–1568), Hermann von Neuenahr and Wilhelm IV. Von dem Bergh ' agreed to meet . s-Heerenberg in Breda, Brederode intervened again with the governor-general Margarethe von Parma (1522–1586) to demand freedom of belief in the Netherlands. Count Hermann then met Prince and later Landgrave Georg I of Hesse-Darmstadt (1547–1596) in Kassel that same month , probably on the occasion of a visit to his father Philip I of Hesse, who died the following month, or because of one convention of Protestant estates taking place at the same time in Fulda . Ludwig von Nassau-Dillenburg and a Count von Solms - probably Philipp von Solms-Braunfels (1494–1581) - stayed in Kassel that month.

Count Hermann had the prior Peter Voghel (Vogelius) of the Carmelite Monastery of Geldern , who wanted to succeed him in the Moerser Carmelite Monastery , imprisoned for three and a half months in 1567. The Order Provincial of Lower Germany Johann Meyer von Groll ( Groenlo ) protested at the Imperial Court of Justice against the impairment of the monastery, which was finally dissolved by Count Hermann in 1573 and converted into the Moers Latin School .

On April 3, 1567, Hermann von Neuenahr issued a court order for the county of Moers.

Death of his wife Magdalena von Nassau

Count Hermann's wife Magdalena died on August 18, 1567. Shortly afterwards he took part in the marriage discussion between Werner von Salm-Reifferscheid -Dyck (1545-1629) and Anna Maria von Limburg-Styrum (* around 1546; † 1637), who was convened on August 26th in the Nikolauskloster near Liedberg . With Maria's brother Hermann Georg von Limburg-Styrum and Wisch (1540–1574), the pawnbroker of the Kurkölner Amt Liedberg, Hermann von Neuenahr carried out various neighborhood disputes.

In the negotiations for the resignation (resignation) of the Cologne Elector Friedrich IV. Von Wied 1567 Hermann acted of Neuenahr, Philip I of Winneburg-Beilstein († 1583) and the Imperial Court Chancellor Dr. Johann Hegenmüller († 1584) as imperial commissioners who mediated between the archbishop and the cathedral chapter. Friedrich IV von Wied was a cousin of Hermann's mother Anna von Wied. 1568/69 the county Neuenahr and Moers was a moderation (discount) their contributions to the Reichsmatrikel authority.

Philippe de Montmorency

When his brother-in-law Philippe de Montmorency, Count von Horn, was arrested by Duke Alba (1507–1582), Hermann von Neuenahr sat down - usually together with Antoine II. De Lalaing, Comte de Hoogstraten, who was with Philippe's sister Eleonore de Montmorency ( 1536–1581) was married - unsuccessfully for him in letters to Emperor Maximilian II, King Philip II of Spain, Duke Alba, the four Rhenish electors, all electors and the Westphalian Empire . Philippe de Montmorency and Lamoral von Egmond were executed in Brussels on June 5, 1568.

After the death of his brother-in-law Philippe von Horn

From 1568/69 there was a dispute with his daughter-in-law, Drostin Maria von Vlodrop (Flodorp), widow of Drosten Wilhelm von der Lipp called Hoen († um.) About the income from the Cracau dominion pledged to Bertram von der Lipp called Hoen in 1551 1568), and her second husband Dietrich II. Von Mirlaer called Myllendonk-Drachenfels, Reuland and Heyden (* around 1520, † 1585), which was also carried out militarily with an occupation of the Krefeld region by Hermann von Neuenahr and before the Imperial Court of Justice.

In 1569 Hermann von Neuenahr and Gottfried Gropper mediated a dispute between the Cologne cathedral chapter and the imperial abbey Kornelimünster over the tithe in Gressenich . Hermann von Neuenahr maintained extensive correspondence with Landgrave Wilhelm IV of Hesse-Kassel (1532–1592) and provided him with flowers from the Netherlands and a gardener, or in 1563 offered him an astrolabe . In return he received salt or Einbecker beer . Also with Duke Wilhelm d. J. zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1535–1592) he exchanged plants.

Reichstag in Speyer

In autumn 1570, Hermann von Neuenahr visited the Speyer Reichstag as Imperial Councilor . According to an entry in the diary of the Imperial Court Councilor, Count Ludwig I von Wittgenstein (1532–1605), he celebrated his 50th birthday in Speyer on October 28th with a “ prandium ” at which he was presented with a congratulatory poem. At the Reichstag, Margareta von Loë († 1590) zu Dorneburg , who had been elected abbess of the Quirinus in Neuss in a double election in 1568 , asked Hermann von Neuenahr and the Kurkölner Hereditary Marshal Werner von Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck for support. Count Johann IV von Wied-Runkel and Ysenburg, who had been sentenced to penance in 1562 for his guilt with Hermann von Neuenahr, was pardoned at the request of Hermann and Count Palatine Georg Johann I von Veldenz-Lützelstein (1543–1592). In the dispute with Ludwig von Stolberg-Königstein, Hermann refused an amicable settlement. A procedural complaint by Elsgen von der Bruck (Brüggen) called Mommersloch against Count Hermann in their trial for Haus ter Borg for exercising the right to spoil was referred back to the Reich Chamber of Commerce. Emperor Maximilian II confirmed the market and town rights of Krefeld to Hermann von Neuenahr in Speyer on November 3, 1570.

Territorial interests in the Netherlands

After Duke Alba's failed attempt to arrest the Orange commander Diederik Sonoy (1529–1597), Hermann von Neuenahr intervened in the spring of 1571 at the Great Council of the Habsburg Netherlands in Mechelen .

Map of Weert, Thorn Abbey and the County of Horn (18th century)

After the beheading of his brother-in-law Philippe de Montmorency, Count von Horn, in 1568 by Duke Alba in Brussels , Count Hermann had again assumed the title of Herr zu Rodemachern. At the Great Council in Mechelen, he tried to get possession of the Hornian lordship of Weert , which had been pledged to Hermann and Walburga's ancestors in 1486. In the summer of 1571 he sent probably in this "private matter" ( propter negotia mea ) the son of his " godfather ( compater )" Rheidanus (of Reyd) to Duke Alba. With the Liège bishop Gerard van Groesbeeck (1517–1580), the Klevian councilor Andreas Masius (1514–1573) worked as a mediator for Hermann von Neuenahr in 1571 . In 1576 Hermann received the three Geldrian fiefs Weert, Wessem and the bailiwick over the Thorn monastery , which Count Johann II. Von Hoorn († 1540) gave to his adoptive son Philippe von Horn and his later wife Anna Walburga von Neuenahr - a Hornian great-granddaughter - before her Had bequeathed her wedding. George de Hornes († 1608), seigneur de Houtkerque , tried to dispute Count Hermann's fiefdom.

Since 1571, Hermann von Neuenahr also tried to obtain a loan from the Dutch rulership of Altena in Noord-Brabant . He commissioned the lawyer Frederik van Boyemer (Boymeer; Boeymer) († 1589), councilor at the court of Gelderland, later retired from Alkmaar , to look after his interests . One of his great-grandmothers had been Mistress von Altena. In 1577 he received the enfeoffment, in the same year "Harman, count van Nuwenaer en Moers, heer van Bedbur en Rodemaghen" was enfeoffed with the fishing rights on the Waal that Philippe de Montmorency had held. The Altena dominion was sold in 1590 by Hermann's sister Anna Walburga von Neuenahr together with Woudrichem for 92,000 guilders to the States General .

Last years

For his follower Dietrich von Eyll and his wife, Count Hermann issued a pension for 300 gold guilders in 1573, while at the same time he had been prescribed a pension for the same amount from his ward Ludwig and Heinrich von Nassau. Johann VI. von Nassau-Dillenburg pledged a mill in Siegen and the office of Siegen to him in 1573.

After the battle on the Mooker Heide on April 14, 1574, Hermann von Neuenahr reported to Landgrave Wilhelm IV of Hessen-Kassel in several letters of the rumors he had about the fate of Prince Elector Christoph von der Pfalz (1551–1574), the count Ludwig and Heinrich von Nassau-Dillenburg, as well as the Counts of Falkenstein and von Hohen Zollern, soon proved to be inaccurately informed. On May 15, 1574, Count Hermann issued new police regulations . In September 1574 he took part in the wedding of Princess Anna von Jülich-Kleve-Berg with Count Palatine Philipp Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg in Neuburg an der Donau .

In August 1574, after lengthy disputes, Count Hermann enfeoffed Johann IX. Scheiffart von Merode († 1590) with the Herpertz-Höfchen and the Hof Röttgen (cf. today the Röttgen-Teich near Frechen - Grube Carl ) in the Boisdorf lordship , which he claimed as a fallen fiefdom. Scheiffart von Merode passed it on to Cologne Mayor Philipp Gail as Moers's after-fief .

Emperor Maximilian II appointed Bishop Gerard van Groesbeeck von Lüttich and Hermann von Neuenahr as his commissioners in the dispute between Cologne Archbishop Salentin von Isenburg (1532–1610; reigned 1567–1577) and the Cologne Cathedral Chapter over the possession of Zons . Count Hermann was commissioned in April 1575 to sequester the income of Zons in the name of the emperor in favor of the archbishop .

In 1576, Hermann von Neuenahr and Landgrave Wilhelm IV of Hessen-Kassel negotiated the marriage contract of Count Hermann I von Wied-Runkel († 1591) and Countess Walburga von Bentheim-Steinfurt (1555-1628) as relatives.

In February 1577 Hermann was dangerously ill. Archbishop Salentin von Isenburg enfeoffed Hermann von Neuenahr with 100 gold guilders on customs at Bonn in 1577 . Hermann von Neuenahr played a decisive role in the election of Gebhard Truchseß zu Waldburg (1547–1601; ruled 1577–1583) on December 5, 1577 as his successor as Archbishop of Cologne . The papal nuncio Bartolomeo Porcia referred to Hermann von Neuenahr as someone beyond whom “there is perhaps no more dangerous heretic in Germany”.

Delegates of the Geldrischen estates commissioned Engelbrecht III in 1578. von Brempt († around 1585) zu Flaßraedt , the Drost von Straelen , took out a loan of 24,000 karolus guilders to enable the repayment of a loan from Count Hermann von Neuenahr and Moers to support the troops. In August 1578 Johann Casimir von Pfalz-Simmern (1543–1592) visited Count Herrmann on the campaign in the Spanish Netherlands shortly before his death with a large retinue in Moers.

Death and succession dispute

Count Hermann von Neuenahr and Moers spent a large part of the last years of his life suffering from severe illness (gout) in the Friemersheim hunting lodge (today: Werthschenhof in Duisburg-Rheinhausen ) on a former Rhine island. He had given the castle and the manor to his sister Anna Walburga in 1560. According to Hermann von Weinsberg, Hermann von Neuenahr is said to have “gone into the drunk when he was an adult and thus spoiled without a doubt” and died on December 4, 1578 “of the zerender krenkden (= illness), from which he took several years went ... to Bedber “with no offspring. His grave was in the Bonifatiuskirche in Moers, which was destroyed in the 17th century ; Today the chapel of the cemetery on Rheinberger Strasse is located there . Heinrich Castritius Geldorp (1522–1585) published a memorial to Count Hermann.

After his death there was a dispute between Count Werner von Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck and Count Adolf von Neuenahr and Limburg.

meaning

Promoter of the Reformation

Hermann's father Wilhelm II von Neuenahr had already cautiously supported the Reformation. Count Hermann von Neuenahr became more and more open to Protestant teaching. After the death of his father in 1552 he renewed the collation of the Lutheran pastor and court preacher Johann Uden at the vicarages of the Liebfrauen altar and the Holy Spirit chapel in the Bonifatius parish church in Moers. The Lutheran preacher Hermann Hamelmann (1526–1595) visited Moers in 1553/54 and dedicated the work De Ecclesia (= About the Church) to Count Hermann in 1557 .

With his cousin Gotthardt von Mirlaer-Milendonk († 1575/79) on the Frohnenbruch house , Hermann von Neuenahr concluded a settlement in 1557, according to which Hoerstgen and 12 farms from the parish Repelen were parceled out. The Reformation was then introduced in the reign of Frohnenbruch-Hoerstgen.

Around 1560, the Count of Moers took in Flemish religious refugees who had been expelled from Aachen , after Emperor Ferdinand I had banned Protestant religious practice there during the Aachen religious unrest. Hermann von Neuenahr and Moers introduced the Reformation in his areas in 1560 and in 1561 issued a Lutheran - melanchthonian church order for the county of Moers and the rule of Bedburg. He also granted refuge to Reformed religious refugees from the Netherlands, such as the former Ghent mayor Karl von Utenhove the Elder from around 1562 . Ä. (* around 1500; † 1580) at his hunting lodge in Friemersheim . In August 1565, Count Hermann successfully campaigned for Clara von Witzelbach , widow of Bonn bailiff Johann Richwin von Broich , as well as for wife Hilgin (Helena or Hilde) and daughter Margaretha of Johann Wirich (Winrich) von Flystein (Fliesteden) at the Cologne City Council ) who were imprisoned as Anabaptists ( Mennonites ). The sub-rule Fliesteden was in the rule Bedburg.

Hermann von Neuenahr installed many Protestant preachers in his sphere of influence for new appointments, for example in Alpen (around 1559), Mülheim an der Ruhr (1559 as regent of the County of Limburg), Moers (1560), Friemersheim (1558/60), Hochemmerich (1561) , Baerl (1561), Repelen (around 1561), Kapellen (1561), Krefeld (1561/65), Birten (1564), Niederbudberg (1568), Neukirchen (1570) or Halen - Homberg (1549/71). There were various conflicts with the monasteries, monasteries and condominium owners involved , with whom he disputed the parish rate . In 1573 there was a dispute with Abbot Heinrich V. Duden († 1601) von Werden over the occupation of the pastoral positions in Friemersheim and Hochemmerich with Lutheran pastors, which was settled with a written settlement in April 1574, after Hermann had given the Klevian chancellor in February Heinrich Bars called Olisleger had written: "If God created man, then the devil created the monks".

From 1570 synods met in Hüchelhoven , later in Bedburg, in which representatives from the duchies of Kleve-Jülich-Berg also took part. Hermann von Neuenahr also made it possible for the Dutch Reformed refugee communities to hold synods and classical conventions in Bedburg (including on April 20, September 7 and October 3, 1576, October 23, 1577, April 9 and October 8, 1578 ); at the Synod 1571 Philips van Marnix (1540-1598) took part on behalf of William of Orange.

Hermann von Neuenahr corresponded on friendly terms with the Gnesiolutheran Matthias Flacius (1520–1575) in Antwerp in 1566/67. He represented the Calvinists , whose doctrine of the Lord's Supper he rejected, a mediating, Irish position. In 1571 Hermann published in a collection of his friend Joachim Camerarius (1500–1574) anonymously copies of the seven penitential psalms and the 64th psalms, which are shaped by his Lutheran piety. As early as 1558 he had corresponded with Georg Cassander (1513–1566) about his psalms adaptations. Cassander dedicated a book on infant baptism to Hermann in 1565 .

Regardless of his Protestant sentiments, Hermann von Neuenahr continued to act as godfather to the - old-believing - baptism of a daughter of the Electoral Cologne Council Dr. Michael Glaser (* around 1529; † 1592) in St. Kunibert or issued nobility certificates for the inclusion of relatives in religious chapters (1553 and 1557 Kuno von Manderscheid-Blankenheim, 1557 Johann Daniel von Winnenburg-Beilstein , 1558 Hermann von Manderscheid-Blankenheim , 1558 Salentin von Isenburg-Grenzau , 1558 Philipp Jakob Hausmann von Andernach and Namedy, 1561 Philipp von Manderscheid-Blankenheim , 1567 Philipp von der Mark , 1577 Agnes von Limburg-Stirum ).

When Hermann's nephew Count Adolf von Neuenahr (* around 1554, † 1589), Lord of Limburg, Hackenbroich and Alpen, the second husband of his sister Walburga, took office, the Reformed Confession was introduced in the county in 1578 .

humanism

In 1532, at the age of 12, Hermann von Neuenahr gave - probably with the help of his teacher Johannes Caesarius - from the estate of his uncle Hermann von Neuenahr the Elder. Ä. medical writings of Theodorus Priscianus (around 400) and Abu l-Qasim (936-1013) as well as an anthology with psalm transcriptions. The Cologne printer Johann Gymnich I (around 1485–1544) dedicated a work by Petrus Alfonsi († around 1140) to Junggraf Hermann in 1536 , which was published by Hermann von Neuenahr the Elder. Ä. had been brought from the Corveyer library to Cologne and had been released for publication by Prior Daem von Essen (Damianus Ascendia; Ascendiensis) († 1540), director of the monastery library of St. Pantaleon.

Page from the Codex Argenteus

The Dutch humanists Georg Cassander and Cornelis Wouters (Cornelius Gualterus) (1512–1582 / 84) lived in Hermann von Neuenahr's Cologne house " Neuenahrer Hof " in Langgasse (today: Neven-DuMont-Straße) for some time from 1549 . There they discovered the Gothic character of the Codex Argenteus in the early 1550s , which apparently came into the possession of Count Hermann from the Werden Abbey, as can be inferred from reports by Philips van Marnix and Theodor Pütz (Phraraeus) († after 1609) .

At the beginning of the 1560s, Count Hermann Cassander and Jean Matal (* around 1517; † 1597) supported the attempt to decipher the Iguvinian tablets (Tabulae Eugubinae), which are written in Umbrian script. The humanist and educator Franz Fabricius (1527–1573) dedicated the work Ciceronis historia per consules descipta et in annos LXIV distincta to Hermann von Neuenahr in 1563 .

In 1565 the Paracelsist Michael Toxites (1514–1581) dedicated an edition of Chrysopoeia by Giovanni Aurelio Augurello (1441–1524) to Hermann von Neuenahr . The Silesian doctor and natural philosopher Balthasar Flöter († after 1567), who obtained three editions of Paracelsus (* around 1493; † 1541) in Cologne in 1567 from Arnold Birckmann Erben , dedicated a preface to the "Imperial Councilor" Hermann von Neuenahr. Count Hermann was on friendly terms with Gerhard Mercator (1512–1594) in Duisburg.

The doctor Mauritius Seydel (Moritz Seidel) arranged for Hermann von Neuenahr correspondence in Cologne, Johannes Eschenfelder from Siegen , for whom Philipp Melanchthon issued a letter of recommendation in 1557, a grandson of the Boppard humanist Christoph Eschenfelder the Elder. Ä († after 1546), was his secretary. The humanist scholar and poet Karl von Utenhove (1536–1600), whose father Karl von Utenhove the Elder. Ä. had found asylum with Count Hermann, wrote six poems about him and his late wife Magdalena in 1568. The lawyer Wilhelm Knüttel the Elder J. dedicated a work by Claudius Cantiuncula (Chansonnette) (* around 1490; † 1549) published by him in Cologne to Count Hermann in 1571 , which also contains three legal consilia ( reports ) written by Knüttel himself . Jan van der Noot (1539–1595) dedicated the German edition of his Theatrum to Hermann von Neuenahr in 1572 .

In 1573/74 Count Hermann had the Carmelite monastery in Moers converted into a Latin school , from which, after his death in 1582, a Schola illustris , today's Adolfinum Moers high school , emerged. Shortly before his death, Count Hermann commissioned the humanist-minded theologian Heinrich Castritius Geldorp to prepare an expert report on such a school project, which was published in 1580.

Paul Melissus (1539–1602) dedicated some poems to Hermann von Neuenahr and his nephew "Hermann-Adolf" von Neuenahr in his 1575 work Schediasmatum reliquiae . Nikolaus von Reusner (1545–1602) wrote an emblem on “D. Hermannum Comitem à nova Aquila “with a representation of the Golden Age ( Saturnia regna ). The critic of the witch trials Johann Weyer (1515–1588) praised the cleverness “Comes à Niuwenar D. Hermannus” in 1577 because he had merely expelled a woman who had been accused of being a witch - for her own protection - from the country, and dedicated it to him in the same year his writing "De irae morbo" (= "About the anger disease"). Johann Weyer's brother Arnt (Arnold) Wyer († after 1568) was Count Hermann's chef .

The Dutch humanist Gerhard Falkenburg (* around 1538, † 1578) lived with Hermann von Neuenahr until he died in Steinfurt in September 1578 while riding in his entourage after falling from his horse .

coat of arms

Blazon : shield quartered; in 1 and 4 (Neuenahr) a right-handing black Aar (eagle ) in gold , in 2 and 3 (Moers) in gold a black bar.

As administrator of the Kurkölner hereditary bailiwick, Hermann von Neuenahr ran a heart shield that was divided 9 times to 10 places of gold and red from 1555 to 1570 .

• 

  Family coat of arms Neuenahr

• 

  Family coat of arms Moers

• 

  Coat of arms of the Cologne hereditary bailiwick

• 

  Reichstaler with the coat of arms of Hermann von Neuenahr and Moers, 1567

• 

  Neuenahr-Moers coat of arms as Cologne hereditary bailiff

swell

• Duke Wilhelm v. Jülich, Geldern, Cleve and Berg compare themselves to Count Wilhelm v. Neuenahr and Mörs and his sons Hermann on the various mutual demands. as well as because of the fiefs Crefeld, Crackau and the county of Mörs - 1541, November 30th. In: Theodor Joseph Lacomblet : Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine. Volume IV. Gustav Hermann Voss, Düsseldorf 1858, pp. 669–674 (No. 541) ( books.google.de )
• Count Hermann von Neuenahr to Melanchthon . September 21, 1543. In: Otto Waltz (arr.): Epistolae Reformatorum. III. In: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte 4 (1881), pp. 287–299, esp. Pp. 295–297 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive )
• Arbitration certificate in the honorary dispute between Count Bernhard von Nassau and Count Hermann zu Neuwenar and Mörs. (1550). In: Ernst Münch: History of the House of Nassau-Orange. Volume II. Jakob Anton Mayer, Aachen / Leipzig 1832, pp. 364-368 ( books.google.de );
  Disputes between Count Bernhard von Nassau-Beilstein and Count Wilhelm von Neuenahr and Moers , 1550; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (holdings 3036 total inventory of the old Dillenburg archive, No. KHA Inv. A 1 No. 86) and Adolf Archbishop of Cologne mediates the disputes between Count Bernhard von Nassau-Beilstein and Count Hermann von Neuenahr , 1552; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (inventory 170 I documents, No. 4007)
• Regest Ksr. Karl's instruction for Gf. Hermann von Neuenahr, Dr. Karl Tisnac and Lazarus from Schwendi to Eger (July 4, 1553). In: August von Druffel, Karl Brandi (arr.): Contributions to the history of the empire 1553–1555 . (Letters and files on the history of the sixteenth century with special regard to Bavaria's Princely House 4). M. Rieger, Munich 1896, p. 196f ( books.google.de ; limited preview)
• Letter to Le Prince d'Orange et le Comte de Nuenar au Duc de Savoie dated April 28, 1557 from Brühl. In: Louis-Prosper Gachard (ed.): Correspondance de Guillaume le Taciturne, prince d'Orange. Volume I. Muquardt, Brussels 1850, No. CCXLIII, p. 368f ( digital copy from the Bavarian State Library, Munich)
• Letter from Hermann von Neuenahr to Georg Cassander dated August 18, 1558 from Moers. In: Petrus Bertius (Ed.): Illustrium & clarorum Virorum epistolae selectiores, Superiore saeculo scriptae vel à Belgis, vel ad Belgas , Centuria I. Ludwig Elzevir, Leiden 1617, No. XVIII, p. 82 ( books.google.de )
• Hermann, Graf zu Neuenahr and Mörs gives the glory of Friemersheim to his sister Walpurg on his childless death ... - 1560, March 25th. In: Theodor Joseph Lacomblet : Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine. Volume IV. Gustav Hermann Voss, Düsseldorf 1858, p. 706 ( books.google.de )
• Feudal letter about the lordship of Bedbur Gastorp Mörick etc. together with the office of hereditary stewardship for Count Hermann von Nuenaar etc. (1561). In: Justus Friedrich Runde: Detailed description of the just claims of the ruling Count of Bentheim-Tecklenburg to the rule of Bedbur . Johann Christian Dieterich, Göttingen 1788, supplement p. 25 ( books.google.de )
• Letters from Hermann von Neuenahr to the nuns of Kloster Meer dated October 10, 1561, November 10, 1561 and January 16, 1565 from Moers and to Heinrich Castritius Geldorp from July 4, 1571 from Bedburg. In: Karl Ludwig Philipp Troß (Ed.): J. P. Berg’s … Reformation history of the countries Jülich, Cleve, Berg, Mark, Ravensberg and Lippe . Schulz, Hamm 1826, pp. 176–187 ( books.google.de )
• Letters from Joachim Camerarius from Leipzig to Hermann von Neuenahr dated March 1, undated [1562], February 16 and May 11, 1563, November 9, 1565, February 13, 1566, January 13, 1569, January 13, 1570 , July 15 ( Quintilis ) 1570, October 9, 1571, January 18, 1572 and August 12 ( Sextilis ) 1573. In: Joachim Camerarius Bapenbergensis , Joachim Camerarius the Younger (ed.): Epistolarvm Familiarivm , Libri VI. Andreas Wechel, Frankfurt am Main 1583, pp. 19–32 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library, Munich)
• Letters Le Comte de Nuenar au Prince d'Orange. Guerre entre la Suède et le Danemark (November 8, 1563 from Moers; French and German) and Herman, Comte de Nuenar, à la Comtesse de Bentheim. Relative à l'héritière de Rittbergen (March 10, 1565 from Moers; German). In: Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer (ed.): Archives ou correspondence inédite de la Maison d'Orange-Nassau. Volume I 1552-1565 . 2nd ed., P. U. E. Luchtmans, Leiden 1841, p. 182f and p. 366f ( books.google.de )
• Letter from Hermann von Neuenahr from Moers to Matthias Flacius Illyricus in Antwerp on January 4, 1567; Herzog August Library Wolfenbüttel (No. 113/44, sheet 465)
• Letters Le Comte H. de Nuenar au Comte Jean de Nassau . Sur une assemblée à Dusseldorp et un Edit du Duc de Clèves contre les Calvinistes (January 7, 1567 from Moers; German and Latin), Le comte H. de Nuenar au Comte Jean de Nassau. Il ne pe ut se rendre à la journée de Dusseldorp (January 11, 1567 from Bedburg; German), Le Comte de Nuenar au Prince d'Orange. Il lui mande le décès de son épouse, la Comtesse Madeleine de Nassau (August 19, 1567 from Friemersheim; French), Le Comte H. de Nuenar au Comte Louis de Nassau . Nouvelles diverse relatives aux Pays-Bas (January 13, 1568 from Cologne; German) and Le Comte de Nuenar au Prince d'Orange. Relative à l'envoi des troupes par le Duc d'Albe sur les terres du Comte de Hornes (May 29, 1568 from Hülchrath; French and Latin.). In: Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer (ed.): Archives ou correspondence inédite de la Maison d'Orange-Nassau. Volume III 1567-1572 . S. u. E. Luchtmans, Leiden 1836, pp. 10–12, 15–17, 118f, 153–155 and p. 224f ( books.google.de )
• Letters from Hermann von Neuenahr to Heinrich Castritius Geldorp from June 12, 1569, February 14, April 22 and April 28, 1570 from Moers and from July 4, 1571 from Bedburg. In: Simon Abbes Gabbema (ed.): Illustrium et clarorum virorum epistolae selectiores superiore et hoc seculo scriptae, distributae in centurias tres . Galama, Harlingen 1669, Appendix, No. I – V, pp. 784–793 ( digital copy from the Bavarian State Library, Munich)
• Anton Hermann Rein (arrangement): Certificate of Hermanns Count von Neuenar and Moers on the market and town rights of Crefeld with the award and confirmation documents of the Emperors Karl IV and Maximilian II from the years 1361, 1373, 1570 and 1575 . Gustav Kühler, Krefeld 1852 ( books.google.de )
• Johann Friedrich Wening, registrar of the Imperial Imperial Court Cantzley Registry in Vienna: Designatio Actorum at the Imperial Court Council in the case of Nassau versus Newenar Commissionis, concerning the County of Mörs (1702). In: Wilhelm Martin Dienstbach: Nassau-Saarbrücken and Mörs. A contribution to the history of the Orange successions dispute (diss. Phil. Zurich). Voigt & Gleiber, Frankfurt am Main 1905, p. 234f ( books.google.de ; limited preview)
• Guido Rotthoff (edit.): Document book of the city and the office of Uerdingen . (Inventories of Non-Governmental Archives 10). Uerdinger Heimatbund, Krefeld 1968 ( PDF , 6.19 MB, of the Rhineland Regional Council)
• Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977 ( Pdf , 13 MB, of the Landschaftsverband Rheinland)
• Gabriel Mattenclot: Rerum in Germania praecipue inferiore gestarum breuis commemoratio. In: Theodor Joseph Lacomblet (Ed.): Archive for the History of the Lower Rhine 5 (1866), pp. 222–243, esp. Pp. 223, 225, 229–231 and 241f ( books.google.de )
• Hermann Keussen (edit.): Document book of the city and glory of Krefeld and the county of Moers. Volume IV 1541–1600, documents no. 5299-6183a . A. Fürst, Krefeld 1940

Works

• (Ed. And introductory dedication to the Archbishop of Cologne Hermann V. von Wied ): Octavii Horatiani Rerum medicarum lib. quatuor,… per Heremannum Comitem a Neuenar , integro candori nuper restitutus autor, Albucasis chirurgicorum omnium Primarii libri tres. Johannes Schott, Strasbourg 1532. ( Digital copy from the Bavarian State Library, Munich)
• (Ed. And introductory letter to the Bishop of Münster Friedrich III. Von Wied ) Hermann von Neuenahr the Elder: Psalmus CIII. Psalm CIIII. Psalm XLI. Psalm XXXVII. Psalmus 97, Psalmus 137, Psalmus 90, Psalmus 143 , Canticum Ezechiae apud Esaiam Capi. 38 , Psalms 2. and Passio Christi … in Septem horas digesta. In: Psalmi Omnivm Selectissimi, adflictis conscientijs, ac Deum inuocantibus, non uulgariter utiteles , Latino carmine redditi per Doctiss. uiros, ac Dominos D. Hermannum Nouae Aquilae Comitem, Philippum Melanchthonem , Helium Eobanum Hessum , Iacobum Micyllum , Vincentium Obsopoeum , Petrum Pherntorphium . Johann Setzer, Hagenau 1532. ( Digital copy from the Bavarian State Library, Munich)
• Psalmi Septem, Qui Poenitentiae Titulo Celebrantur Translati in Latinos versus Iambicos dimetros, autore non nominato, Quibus Et Threnorum Hieremiae Prophetae, & Psalmorum quoque aliquot Carmina adiuncta sunt, composita A Ioachimo Camerario . Andreas Schneider / Ernst Vögelin, Leipzig 1573.
  • Heiner Faulenbach (ed.): The penance psalms of Count Hermann von Neuenahr. Neukirchener Verlag, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1972. (Latin / German)

Representation in art

A painting by Hermann von Neuenahr by an unknown master (oil on wood, 27.5 × 17.9 cm) is in the Landscape Museum of the Lower Rhine , Krefeld - Linn Castle , another by an unknown master in the Grafschafter Museum in Moers Castle (copy around 1900).

Heinrich Pantaleon published a portrait with the year Anno Salutis 1560 while Herman Graffe zu Nuenar was still alive , but it is an ideal fantasy image that is also used in the work to illustrate other people.

literature

• Hermann Keussen: History of the city and the glory of Crefeld with constant reference to the history of the county of Moers . JB Klein, Krefeld 1865, esp. Pp. 301–313 and 316 ( books.google.de )
• Max Lossen:  Neuenahr, Hermann the Younger Count of . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1886, pp. 486-488.
• Carl Hirschberg: Hermann. In: History of the County of Moers . 2nd edition August Steiger, Moers 1892, pp. 76-89 ( digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf)
• Hugo Altmann:  Neuenahr, Hermann d. J. v. N. and Moers. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 109 ( digitized version ).
• JF Gerhard Goeters : A letter from Count Hermann von Neuenahr to the Lutheran theologian Matthias Flacius Illyricus . In: Monthly Issues for Protestant Church History of the Rhineland 9 (1960), pp. 54–58
• Heiner Faulenbach: Hermann von Neuenahr (1520–1578). In: Rheinische Lebensbilder. 8: 105-111 (1980)
• Thomas B. Becker: Moers in the Age of Reformation (1500–1600). In: Margret Wensky (Ed.): Moers. The history of a city from the early days to the present. Volume I From the early period to the end of the Orange period (until 1702) . Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2000, pp. 159–269
• Joachim Daebel: The Reformation in the County of Moers 1527-1581 . (Neukirchen theology). Neukirchener, Neukirchen-Vluyn 2012

Web links

• Hans Warnecke: The counts of Neuenahr and the denominational structure in the Ahr valley. (with a portrait; accessed October 4, 2010)

Remarks

1. ↑ Latin aquila is the "Aar" (eagle).
2. ^ Kuno I. von Manderscheid married II. 1476 Mechthild von Virneburg († after 1506).
3. ↑ Elisabeth von Rodemachern married II. Diepolt (Thiebolt) II. Von Hohen-Geroldseck (1449–1493 or 1498/1500).
4. ↑ Walburga von Manderscheid married II. 1502 Friedrich von Egmond, Count zu Büren and Leerdam (1440−1521), who had previously (⚭ I. 1464) been married to Aleida von Culemburg († 1471).
5. ↑ Maximilian von Egmond was married to Françoise de Lannoy (1513–1562), dame de Lannoy. The Lannoy house was buried in the Église Saint-Philippe there.
6. ^ Son of Johann von Reuschenberg (1462–1527) and Elisabeth Vell von Wevelinghoven, widower of Agnes von Eynatten.
7. ↑ Named after the deceased former fiefdom taker Stephan Vell († before 1534) von Wevelinghoven.
8. ^ Professor in Leuven, prior and provincial of the Augustinians , from 1567 Spanish court preacher in Madrid.
9. ↑ “El Conde de Nivenara… ha hecho muy grandes deservicios a VM y oficios tan malos, que la principal parte de la malicia y temeridad del Conde de Egmont y de Brederode ha nacido del pecho estragadísimo deste Conde. El cual suele decir que, cuando está con católicos, en las palabras y obras es luterano, y cuando está con luteranos, en las mismas es católico, y cuando está borracho, ni cree en Dios ni en el diablo. Es hombre de corruptísimo pecho. "
10. ↑ "Touched" in the sense of "touched", "touched" or "relevant day".
11. ↑ Probably Philipp von Dhaun-Oberstein-Falkenstein († 1591), later troop leader of the States General, died before Zülpich, son of Sebastian von Dhaun-Oberstein-Falkenstein (* around 1530; † 1576) and grandson of Wirich V. von Daun-Falkenstein .
12. ↑ Probably Count Joachim von Hohenzollern – Sigmaringen (1554–1587), who was appointed to the Brandenburg Privy Council in 1574, later became troop leader Johann Kasimirs von Pfalz-Simmern and fought as the only member of the family branch on the Protestant side.
13. ↑ Received only in the - Reformed - version from 1603.
14. ↑ From Valkenburg aan de Geul, Lic. Theol., 1586 to 1609 pastor at St. Aposteln in Cologne, professor of the Greek language.
15. ↑ From Sagan , also Philalethes (pseudonym).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Diarivm… Witgensteinii , 1745, pp. 1–104, esp. P. 45, cf. also pp. 34, 61, 64, 73, 74, 80 and 98 ( books.google.de ).
2. ↑ On various occasions, 1514 (cf. Werner Teschenmacher : Annales Cliviae-Juliae-Montiae, Marchiae, Ravensbvrgiae Antiquae et Modernae . Jacob van Biesen, Arnheim 1638, p. 345 ( books.google.de )) or 1519 is given as the year of birth. The parents' marriage contract was signed in 1518;
   Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Reichskammergericht 291, Az .: B 635/2644).
3. ↑ Hermann von Neuenahr describes Moers in a letter from Bedburg to Heinrich Castritius Geldorp in 1571 as the “fatherland” to which he was “born” and the unloved “home”;
   C. Hirschberg: Geschichte , 1892, p. 85.
4. ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 250 Mariengarten, U 1/76).
5. ^ ^{A b} Letter from Johannes Caesarius to Heinrich Bullinger of March 1546 from Cologne; Carl Krafft (edit.): Messages from the history of the Lower Rhine Reformation. In: Zeitschrift des Bergisches Geschichtsverein 6 (1869), pp. 193-340, esp. P. 329 ( books.google.de ).
6. ^ Letter from Johannes Caesarius to Johannes a Lasco from May 20, 1548 from Moers; Simon Abbes Gabbema: Epistolarum from Illustribus & Claris Scriptarum Centuriae tres. Hero Galama, Harlingen 1664, p. 130 f. ( books.google.de ).
7. ^ ^{A b} Report from Nicholas Wotton to Thomas Cromwell from December 4, 1539: “ The young earl of Nuenare ... speaks Latin and French well ”; Regest in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII. Volume XIV / 2 August-December 1539 (1895), pp. 226-233 ( british-history.ac.uk ).
8. ^ Heinrich Castritius Geldorp: In eundem [= D. Hermannum Comitem Nuenaricum & Morsensem] epicedion alterum. In: Scholarvm ex monasticis opibus institvtio . Leiden 1580 ( reader.digitale-sammlungen.de ).
9. ↑ Files about a planned marriage of Count Hermann von Nuenar (Neuenahr) with Duchess Christine, widow of Duke Franz Sforza of Milan. 1534-1538; Austrian State Archives Vienna (House, Court and State Archives, Habsburg-Lorraine House Archives, family files 20-5). Christina's first, ailing and much older husband, Francesco II. Sforza , did not die until 1535.
10. ↑ Akten, 1558–1596; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Moers, Oranien-Moers (files), No. 15)
11. ↑ Edition: "Neuemar" or "Neumar".
12. ↑ From the chronicle of the shoemaker's trade. 1504-1546. In: R. Jung (arr.): Frankfurter Chroniken and annalistic records of the Reformation period (sources on Frankfurt history 2), Carl Jügel, Frankfurt am Main 1888, pp. 10–26, esp. P. 14.
13. ↑ Edmund von Reuschenberg (* 1495; † after 1545), Herr von Setterich , bailiff ("governor") von Bedburg (see letter from Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr to Johann Friedrich I von Sachsen (1503–1554) from 6. June 1532 from Bedburg; Carl Adolph Cornelius : Correspondence between Duke Johann Friedrich von Sachsen and Count Wilhelm von Nuenar in the years 1529 to 1536. In: Zeitschrift des Bergisches Geschichtsverein 10 (1874), pp. 129–158, esp. P. 140 ).
14. ↑ Letter from Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell († 1551) to his wife Elizabeth Seymour, Lady Cromwell († 1568) from Calais (read “Nueuare” there). In: Henry Ellis (Ed.): Original letters, illustrative of English history. Volume III / 3. Richard Bentley, London 1846, pp. 251f, especially p. 252 ( books.google.de );
    British Museum London (Harleian MS. 296, pp. 169 f.); Regest in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII. Volume XV 1540 (1896), pp. 1-19 ( british-history.ac.uk ).
15. ^ Woldemar Harleß:  Olisleger, Heinrich Bars . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 303-305.
16. ↑ Report by William Fitzwilliam, 1st Earl of Southampton and Nicholas Wotton to Henry VIII of December 13, 1539; Regest in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII. Volume XIV / 2 August-December 1539 (1895), pp. 243-255 ( british-history.ac.uk ).
17. ↑ Detailed description of the contract with Christian von Stramburg : Memorable and useful Rhenish antiquarian ... Dept. 3, Vol. 9: The left bank of the Rhine from Coblenz to Bonn . Rudolph Friedrich Hergt, Koblenz 1862, p. 546f. ( Google Books )
18. ↑ ^{a b c} comparison between Duke Wilhelm v. Cleve & c. and Count Adolph von Neuenahr and Limburg… 1579, May 27th. In: Theodor Joseph Lacomblet (arrangement): Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine. Volume IV / 1. Voss, Düsseldorf 1857, No. 582, pp. 726-728 ( books.google.de ).
19. ↑ A Jürgen Nuyninger (Georg Nuyger; Nunyger; Nunigger; von Nuyningen; Nuynigen) is mentioned from 1534 to 1546 as mayor of Hackenbroich and Vogt of Count Gumprecht II of Neuenahr-Alpen in the two- lordly village of Grimlinghausen ( Reign of Helpenstein ; Kurköln). Hieronymus Nuyninger (Nonninger; Nonnynger) from Niederlahnstein was 1545–1551 customs officer and waiter in Zons ;
    Aenne Hansmann: History of the city and office of Zons . Schwann, Düsseldorf 1973, pp. 146 and 319; State main archive Koblenz (inventory 108 Carthusian monastery on the Beatusberg, No. 505, 606, 652, 696 and others).
20. ^ Letter from Philipp Melanchthon and Hermann Neuenahr (tradition variants: Newmayr; Neuman) from Wittenberg to Johannes Caesarius in Cologne dated November 30, 1543 and letter from Hermann Neuenahr (tradition variant: Neuinger) from Wittenberg to Hieronimyus Neuinger (tradition variant: Neumayer) in Cologne or Moers of December 30, 1543. In: Heinz Scheible (arrangement): Melanchthon's correspondence. Volume III Regesten 2336-3420 (1540-1543) . Frommann-Holzboog, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 1979, No. 3381, p. 450f ( books.google.de ), ( Melanchthon-Online of the University of Heidelberg), and No. 3413, p. 463 f. ( books.google.de ), ( Melanchthon-Online of the University of Heidelberg).
21. ↑ So u. a. Peter Arnold Heuser: On the history of the Codex Argenteus in the 16th century. In: Rheinische Viertelsjahrsblätter 69 (2005), pp. 133–152, especially p. 150.
22. ^ Letter from Bedburg in 1543 on Cologne and imperial affairs; State Main Archive Saxony-Anhalt Magdeburg (Z 6 Anhaltisches Gesamtarchiv 1. A - Z (1307–1603), No. 1141); Letter to NN or to Melanchthon of September 21, 1543 from Bedburg ( Melanchthon-Online of the University of Heidelberg).
23. ↑ Johannes Michael Cornachinius: Description of the Stende des Hei. Roman Empire… At the current Reichstag in Speyer . Hermann Gülfferich, Frankfurt am Main 1544 ( books.google.de ).
24. ^ Hermann Kellenbenz: Hugo Angelo - citizen of Augsburg and imperial agent. In: Ferdinand Seibt (Ed.): History of society . Festschrift for Karl Bosl, Vol. II. Oldenbourg, Munich 1988, pp. 115–130.
25. ↑ ^{a b} Report by War Commissioner Antonius de Musica from Antwerp: Commentariolus rerum gestarum apud S. Digerium from Imperatore Carolo V ad Regem Angliæ Henricum VIII. (1544). In: Johann Burckhardt Mencke (Ed.): Scriptores rerum Germanicarum praecipue Saxonicarum. Volume I. Johann Christian Martin, Leipzig 1728, pp. 1289–1314, especially pp. 1298, 1305 “Hermannus a Nonaquila” and 1311: “Herm. Comes a Nuenarn (add: is proprios equites habebat) CC “( mgh-bibliothek.de PDF; 122 MB); Regest in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII. Volume XIX / 2 August-December 1544 (1905), pp. 272-321 ( british-history.ac.uk );
    Ordo militiæ Cæsareæ majestatis in expeditione adversus Regem Galliæ, anno 1544… Ordo et numerus exercitus, juxta delectus habiti mensi Julii : “Hermanus comes Nove Aquilæ 200”; ibid , pp. 439-458 ( british-history.ac.uk ).
26. ↑ Documents of May 9, 1547, February 2, 1548 (not preserved) and May 26, 1549; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (U 3/17059 and 2/17060); Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (B 11 documents from the county of Stolberg-Königstein, No. 89).
27. ↑ ^{a b c} litigation for 3000 guilders from the Stolberg guarantee ; Main State Archive Wiesbaden (holdings 1 Reichskammergericht, No. 1400 and No. 2168; holdings 171 Old Dillenburg Archive, No. W 522).
28. ^ Jörg Brückner: Nobility and mining. The Counts of Stolberg as early coal and steel entrepreneurs at the beginning of the early modern period. In: Eva Labouvie (Ed.): Aristocracy in Saxony-Anhalt . Böhlau, Cologne 2007, pp. 269-292, especially pp. 280f.
29. ↑ Documents of May 9, 1548 (twice) and August 7, 1549;
    Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, US / 16881); Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (B 11 documents from the county of Stolberg-Königstein, No. 91, 92 and 112 [wrong date: Wilhelm II had already died in 1558, correct: 1548] = 186); State Archives Magdeburg (Rep. H, VI No. 33).
30. ↑ ^{a b} Landesarchiv NRW department Rhineland Duisburg (Reichskammergericht 273, Az. B 505/2422).
31. ^ Receipt dated February 1, 1549; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 2/17121).
32. ↑ Document dated May 14, 1554; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (inventory B 11 documents of the County of Stolberg-Königstein, No. 103).
33. ↑ Documents of March 16 and May 18, 1560; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 228 Karmeliter, U 3/228 and 229);
    also Fraud and forgeries of Konrad Dinslaken in investment business , 1556, 1569 (Best. 125 criminal files, A 229).
34. ↑ Akten, (1559–1569) 1561–1571; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Reichskammergericht, No. 1337 - Az. D 364/1034).
35. ^ Document dated August 5, 1568, Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Kurköln, documents, no. 4632 a).
36. ^ Certificate dated November 13, 1533, issued in Poppelsdorf; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 3/16641).
37. ↑ Diarivm Lvdovici Comitis Witgensteinii… Anni MDLXX. In: Heinrich Christian von Senckenberg (Hrsg.): Collection of unprinted and rare writings, to explain ... the stories of Teutschland. Volume II. Johann Friedrich Fleischer, Frankfurt am Main 1745, p. 79 ( books.google.de ).
38. ^ Notarial instruments of the notary Kaspar Kannegießer in Cologne from 8th and 9th May 1571; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (inventory B 11 documents of the County of Stollberg-Königstein, No. 120).
39. ↑ Nikolaus Mameranus: Catalogvs familiae totivs avlae Caesareae… vsq [ue] Augustam Rhetica [m], omniumq [ue]… Anno 1547. & 1548. praesentium . Heinrich Mameranus, Cologne 1550, p. 65 ( books.google.de ).
40. ↑ Carl Ludwig Philipp Tross (ed.): Des Count Wolrad von Waldeck's diary during the Diet of Augsburg in 1548 . Literarischer Verein, Stuttgart 1861, p. 43 ( books.google.de ); Friedrich Otto: Johann Hilchen von Lorch. In: Nassauer Annalen 24 (1892), pp. 1–23, especially p. 19.
41. ^ Letter from Wilhelm II von Neuenahr to Eberhard Billick from October 8, 1548 from Hülchrath;
    Alois Postina: The Carmelite Eberhard Billick. A picture of life from the 16th century . (Explanations and additions to Janssen's history of the German people 2 / 2-3). Herder, Freiburg i. Br. 1901, Regest No. 74, p. 186;
    No. 43, p. 172 ( books.google.de ; limited preview).
42. ^ Letter from the Nassau Council Wilhelm Knüttel to Count Wilhelm von Nassau-Dillenburg from Brussels on September 22, 1548: In: Otto Meinardus: Der Katzenelnbogische Erbfolgestreit. Volume II / 1. J. F. Bergmann, Wiesbaden 1902, p. 157f ( books.google.de ; limited preview)
43. ↑ Letter from Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr from Hülchrath to Dietrich IV. Von Manderscheid-Schleiden (1481–1551) of October 12, 1548; Nikolaus Reinartz: New documents on the history of Dietrich IV of Manderscheid-Schleiden. In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 135 (1939), pp. 82–93 ( online ; accessed on April 24, 2015).
44. ↑ Klaus Vetter: Wilhelm von Oranien. A biography . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1987, p. 25.
45. ^ Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (inventory 170 III Nassau-Oranien, transcripts of documents, no. 65).
46. ^ Anton Fahne: History of the Cologne, Jülichschen and Bergisch families. Volume I. Heberle / Lempertz, Cologne / Bonn 1848, p. 160f ( books.google.de ).
47. ↑ Document of May 10, 1569 on the subsequent payment of interest from the court at Friemersheim; Landesarchiv NRW Dept. Rhineland Duisburg (Moers, Landesarchiv, documents, AA 0072); Eva Brües: The monuments of the Rhineland. Krefeld. Volume I city ​​center . (The monuments of the Rhineland 12). L. Schwann Verlag, 1967.
48. ↑ Trial files, 1569–1570, 1588–1592, 1589–1597 and 1595–1606; Landesarchiv NRW Dept. Rheinland Duisburg (Reichskammergericht, No. 3832 - Az. M 1074/2820, No. 3464 - Az. L 593/2137 and No. 1203 - Az. C 865/197); Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg (Rijkskamerrechte te Wetzlar, No. 131 L 2147).
49. ^ Document dated February 23, 1550; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (inventory 170 I documents, no. 3933).
50. ↑ arbitration certificate. 1550/1832.
51. ↑ Georg Ferchl: Bavarian authorities and officials 1550–1804 . (Upper Bavarian Archive for Patriotic History 53). Kastner & Callwey, Munich 1908, pp. 597 and 1364.
52. ^ Document dated August 20, 1555; Hermann von Schullern zu Schrattenhofen : Regest of the document collection of the family von Schullern zu Schrattenhofen 1438-1867. In: Yearbook of the k. k. Heraldische Gesellschaft "Adler" 13 (1903), pp. 104–128, esp. P. 107 ( books.google.de ; limited preview); Anton Dörrer : Fairy tales and fairy tale research in Tyrol. In: Tiroler Heimatblätter 37 (1962), pp. 104–111, especially p. 102.
53. ↑ G. Mattenclot: Commemoratio , 1866, p. 229 ( books.google.de ): “copulatio inter Oswaldum Reynart apud Saltzburgum natum et Magdalenam Holtzevinnen ( read :“ Höltzerinnen ”; accusative singular of“ Höltzerin ”) natam non procul from Isbrug superioris Germaniae nobiles “; Heinrich Wiens: Music and music care at the ducal court of Kleve . A. Volk, Cologne 1959, p. 72.
54. ↑ H. Keussen (arrangement): Urkundenbuch , 1940, p. 46 (no. 5473) and 53 (no. 5495).
55. ^ Document of June 19, 1553; Archives nationales Paris (Fonds publics de l'ancien régime, Papiers du comte d'Egmont-Pignatelli, série T * 159 ⁵ ); Copies in the library of the National Archives The Hague (Depot 9 J 5) and in the Weert municipal archive (Aanwinsten niet-gemeentelijke archiefbescheiden en documentatie, D-281) ( digitized from the Stichting Historisch Onderzoek Weert), cf. H. Keussen (arrangement): Urkundenbuch , 1940, p. 60 (No. 5505).
56. ^ Document dated February 14, 1560; Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Jülich-Berg, Berg, Manngelder, No. 8, document 146).
57. ↑ ^{a b} Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg (State Department Neuenahr 5; Netherlands 174, 251).
58. ↑ ^{a b} Helmut Müller: The Cistercian Abbey Bredelar . (The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz. The diocese of Paderborn 1). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2013, p. 85.
59. ↑ ^{a b} letter from Sibert of Driesch († 1601), the court Moers mayor (as "Siebert of Dress" 1569 Keller to Bedburg), Beatrix von Galen in Cracau of 29 January 1559. Stadtarchiv Krefeld (Drostamt Krakau and Pfandschaft Krakau, No. 5): his master was "so uncomfortable and morose (= sullen) after drinking."
    Report by Chancellor Johann Hegenmüller about Count Hermann, 1567: "He is certainly not to be found in the morning after he gets up late, but after noon you can't do anything with him because he is always well drunk"; Max Lossen: The Cologne War , Volume I. Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1882, p. 644, note 1.
60. ^ Paul Clemen (arrangement): The art monuments of the district of Moers . (The art monuments of the Rhine Province 1.3). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1892, p. 41 = p. 293.
61. ↑ Desiderius Erasmus: Apophthegmatum ex optimis utriusque linguae scriptoribus . Hieronymus Froben, Basel 1531, No. 41 (= 441), p. 128 ( books.google.de ); Walter Fabritius, Cologne 1564, No. 42 (= 442), p. 108 ( books.google.de ).
62. ^ Document dated December 20, 1552; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 1037 Raitz von Frentz, Hausarchiv Haus Schlenderhahn, U 1849/2).
63. ^ Documents of June 19, 1553; Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Moers, Landesarchiv, documents, No. 281 and 282).
64. ^ ^{A b c} Hermann Altgelt: Count Hermann von Nüenar, 1553–1579. In: History of the Counts and Lords of Moers . August Bötticher, Düsseldorf / Utrecht 1846, pp. 92-103 ( books.google.de ).
65. ↑ in detail Wilhelm Martin Dienstbach : Nassau-Saarbrücken and Mörs. A contribution to the history of the Orange successions dispute . (diss. phil. Zurich). Voigt & Gleiber, Frankfurt am Main 1905, esp. Pp. 53–67 ( books.google.de ; limited preview).
66. ↑ H. Keussen (edit.): Urkundenbuch , 1940, p. 177 (No. 5951).
67. ↑ Emperor Charles IV's privilege for knight Johann von Moers, brother of Count Dietrich IV von Moers , of October 30, 1373 on the establishment of a mint for large and small silver coins in Friemersheim, advertised in a document of May 10, 1566; Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Reich Chamber of Commerce, No. 4080, Az. N 308/900).
68. ↑ Thomas P. Becker 2000, pp. 249-251.
69. ^ Karl Wilhelm Nose: Contributions to the ways of imagining volcanic objects . Gebhard / Körber, Frankfurt am Main 1792, p. 160;
    Letter from Hermann von Neuenahr to Landdrost Hennecke (Henning) von Böckenförde called Schüngel († 1561/65) zu Berninghausen from February 17, 1556: Inquiry into a joint mine; North Rhine-Westphalia State Archives, Westphalia Münster Department (Landsberg-Velen, No. 23189).
70. ↑ Documents of March 16 and November 26, 1552, February 2, 1553, March 4, 1555, August 6 and December 2, 1556 and February 14, 1565; Wertheim State Archives (F-Rep. 103 Grafschaft Virneburg, No. 250, 604, 607, 619, 623, 643 and 2163).
71. ^ Documents of November 3, 1545, July 19, 1551, June 25, 1569 and October 30, 1599; State archive NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Geldern, Nazareth, documents No. 71, 72, 74 and 79, see No. 13).
72. ^ G. Mattenclot: Commemoratio , 1866, p. 223.
73. ↑ A. von Druffel, K. Brandi (arr.): Contributions , 1896, p. 124.
74. ^ Instruction of July 4, 1553, Brussels; House, Court and State Archives Vienna (Reich Chancellery, Reich files in genere 18, sheets 307–314).
75. ↑ Letter from Marcantonio Damula to the Doge. Brussels, July 9, 1553. In: Gustav Turba (Ed.): Venetianische Depeschen vom Kaiserhofe (Dispacci di Germania) , ed. from the Historical Commission of the Academy of Sciences in Vienna, vol. II. F. Tempsky, Vienna 1892, pp. 614–617, especially p. 616.
76. ^ Jacques V. Pollet: Julius plow . Correspondance. Volume III. Brill, Leiden 1977, p. 594 ( books.google.de ).
77. ↑ Count Hermanns von Nuenar prescription ... from the Bedbur Kelnerey ... 1553. Octobr. 24. In: Justus Friedrich Runde: Detailed description of the just claims of the ruling Count of Bentheim-Tecklenburg to the rule of Bedbur . Johann Christian Dieterich, Göttingen 1788, supplement p. 25 ( books.google.de ).
78. ^ Litigation files Bentheim-Tecklenburg ./. Salm-Reifferscheid , 1553-1619; Landesarchiv NRW, Dept. Westphalia Münster (County Tecklenburg - files, no. 311).
79. ^ ^{A b} G. Mattenclot: Commemoratio , 1866, p. 241 ( books.google.de ).
80. ↑ Trial files, 1555–1615; Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Reich Chamber of Commerce, No. 4625 - Az. R 423/1352).
81. ^ Regest of 1554; Princely Archive Burgsteinfurt (inventory of the Moers archive from 1600); G. Aders (arrangement): Documents , 1977, No. 1006.
82. ^ Regest of a document dated March 5, 1560, there designated as "Anna van Egmond gravin van Horn"; Princely Archive Burgsteinfurt (inventory of the Moers archive from 1600); G. Aders (arr.): Documents , 1977, No. 1022;
    Gemeentearchief Roermond Regesten No. 2015.
83. ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 259 Pantaleon, A 11B and U 3/586); Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Reichskammergericht, 1096 - Az. C 1021/2354).
84. ^ Regest of a document dated June 12, 1555; see. Regest of a document dated May 27, 1545; Guido Rotthoff (edit.): Document book of the city and the office of Uerdingen . (Inventories of Non-Governmental Archives 10). Uerdinger Heimatbund, Krefeld 1968, No. 724, p. 219; see. No. 680, p. 205.
85. ^ Regest of the documents of December 19, 1544, March 29, 1550, August 3, 1555, April 21, 1561 and January 30, 1572; Guido Rotthoff (edit.): Document book of the city and the office of Uerdingen . (Inventories of Non-Governmental Archives 10). Uerdinger Heimatbund, Krefeld 1968, No. 677, 703, 725, 748 and 782, pp. 204, 212, 219, 227 and 239.
86. ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 310N Reich Chamber of Commerce - letter N, A 11, vol. IV (old signature: N510 / 902)). The regest is somewhat imprecise, read correctly: "Plaintiff: Hermann Graf von Neuenahr, Moers and Limburg, Herr zu Bedburg, Alpen and Hackenbroich, guardian of Adolph von Neuenahr (underage son of Count † Gumprecht von Neuenahr, owner of the Cologne hereditary bailiwick). /. Defendant: Mayor and Council of the City of Cologne ”. Adolf von Neuenahr continued the process himself after reaching the age of majority.
87. ^ Document dated February 14, 1560;
    Christoph Jakob Kremer: Academic contributions to Gülch and Bergische history. Volume II History of the Lords and Counts of Limburg . Academic writings, Mannheim 1776, p. 83.
88. ↑ Staatsarchiv Wertheim (R-Rep. 67r Privata domus: Fürstliche Haussachen, No. 106; G-Rep. 36 Community Archives, No. 1 from and No. 3;
    R-US Rosenbergisches Archiv, 1532 March 25).
89. ^ Protocols and wisdom of the lay judges of Mawenheim. In: Hermann Wasserschleben (Hrsg.): German legal sources of the Middle Ages. Veit & Co. Leipzig 1892, pp. 191–213, especially pp. 198–200 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
90. ↑ Documents of June 25 and October 1554; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 247 Maria im Kapitol, Krak. (= RH1) sheet 92 and U 2/175).
91. ^ Regest of a document from Abbot Hermann von Holten († 1572) from January 28, 1556;
    H. Keussen (edit.): Document book , 1940, No. 5570; Document dated February 3, 1579; State archive NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Kleve-Mark, documents no. 3128).
92. ↑ ^{a b c} On the “Moers pensions” in the Krickenbecker Rentamt (Lobberich) and the Tiel customs cf. Peter Norrenberg: History of Glory Grefrath. At the same time a contribution to the history of the Geldrisches Amt Kriekenbeck . (Contributions to the local history of the Lower Rhine 4). Bädecker, Viersen 1875, pp. 49 and 123f ( books.google.de ).
93. ↑ also stucco related de kwestie rezen tussen de stad Arnhem en de graaf van Nuwenaer as pandheer van de tol te Tiel over de… tolvrijheid aldaar , 1565; Regionaal Archief Zutphen (0001 - 2406); Een verklaring van Paul de Noyelle in een zaak van hem tegen Herman graaf toe Nuwenaer and Moers, aangaande de Tol te Tiel , 1575; Fries Historisch en Letterkundig Centrum Leeuwarden (326 - 1897).
94. ^ The Tiel Customs was leased to the Counts of Moers in 1359 and was not paid until 1619;
    Gelders Archief Arnhem (Gelderse Rekenkamer, 0012 - VIII).
95. ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 3100 Reichskammergericht - letter O, A 11).
96. ^ Document of September 9, 1556; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Kurköln, documents, no. 4511);
    G. Aders (arrangement): Urkunden , 1977, p. 268.
97. ^ Documents of October 6 and 10, 1557 and November 17, 1564; Landesarchiv NRW, Westphalia Münster department (County Tecklenburg - Rhenish documents, No. 107); Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 310 Reichskammergericht P, A 28A);
    G. Aders (arrangement): Urkunden , 1977, p. 56f.
98. ↑ Inserted deed dated 17 November 1564; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 310P Reichskammergericht, A 28A, vol. 6, Q 88).
99. ↑ Max von Spiessen: The Raesfeld family. In: Vestische Zeitschrift 20 (1910), pp. 1-40.
100. ↑ ^{a b} son of Arnd von Raesfeldt (1479–1567) in Hameren and (⚭ 1506 marriage speech) Petronella von Merfeld (* around 1480; † 1534), brother of Bishop Bernhard von Raesfeld and Gottfried von Raesfeld .
101. ↑ Landesarchiv NRW Rhineland Duisburg Department (Reichskammergericht 5187 - Az. S 1340/5328, 5188 - Az. S 1340/5329; 5192 - Az. S 1344/5333; 1525 - Az. E 255/1003; 5192 - Az. M 1051 / 2727; 4553 - Az. R 41/96 et al.); Gelders Archive Arnhem (Brieven van en aan Uitheemsen, No. 2478, 2616, 2871, 2872, 2877, etc.).
102. ↑ Louis-Prosper Gachard (ed.): Correspondance de Guillaume le Taciturne, prince d'Orange , Volume I. Muquardt, Brussels 1850, No. CCXLIII, p. 368f; Wilhelm Maurenbrecher: Contributions to German history 1555–1559. In: Historische Zeitschrift 50 (1883), pp. 1–83, esp. P. 52.
103. ↑ Certificate of May 20, 1557; Lower Saxony State Archive Bückeburg (orig. 1 D Schaumburger Samtarchiv, No. 134); Text of the contract incorporated into a document dated May 31, 1571: Kurtz composed historical narrative ... of ... the irrevocable right of inheritance of the ... princely descent from the Schleßwig and Holstein-Schaumburg inheritance daughter Maria . 1768, Beylagen, Num VI, pp. 56-67 ( books.google.de ).
104. ^ From Annone near Milan, 1551 Basler Bürger, 1563 guild law; Leonhard Thurneysser vouched for him;
     Johann Carl Wilhelm Moehsen : Contributions to the history of the sciences in the Mark Brandenburg . Decker, Berlin / Leipzig 1783, pp. 55-57; Walter Bodmer: The influence of refugee immigration from 1550-1700 on the Swiss economy . Leemann, Zurich 1946, p. 34f, u. a.
105. ↑ Trial file, 1557; Landesarchiv NRW Rhineland department (Reich Chamber of Commerce, No. 435 - Az. B 1039a).
106. ↑ G. Aders (arrangement): Urkunden , 1977, p. 200.
107. ↑ Files from 1532, 1557 and 1569 in the Wertheim State Archives (R-Rep. 67r Privata domus. Princely Haussachen, No. 62 and No. 106; G-Rep. 26 Community Archives, No. 19; G-Rep. 36 Counts of Neuenahr, No. 2); Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (holdings 171 Principality of Nassau-Oranien: files (old Dillenburg archive), M 418); Algemeen Rijksarchief - Archives générales du Royaume Brussels (BE-A0510.265 - 487).
108. ↑ Files 1562–1577; Luxembourg State Archives Arlon (Conseil de Luxembourg. Affaires politiques et administratives, AEA 062, no. 53); Trial Records, 1567–1574; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Reich Chamber of Commerce, No. 5460 - Az. S 2482/8471).
109. ^ ^{A b} Letter from Hermann von Neuenahr to Count Adolf von Sayn-Sayn-Hachenburg (1538–1568) of February 25, 1563; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (inventory 340 Grafschaft Sayn-Hachenburg, No. U 13313).
110. ↑ Koninklijk huisarchief The Hague (707 ^a ); Landesarchiv NRW, Westphalia Münster department (Principality of Siegen, documents no. 324 to 328); Letter of January 17, 1560 to Michael Helding , Leipzig University Library (Kestner Collection / II / A / I / 809 / No. 1, earlier signature: Kestner Collection / II / A / I); Document dated September 8, 1561, Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main (Holzhausen Archive, documents, 996).
111. ^ Letter from Wilhelm I of Orange to Juliana von Stolberg of March 28, 1560 from Breda and her answer of April 6, 1560. In: Eduard Jacobs: Juliana von Stolberg . Ancestor of the House of Nassau-Orange . Otto Hendel, Halle a. d. S. / Wernigerode 1889, pp. 90f and 430f.
112. ^ E. Jacobs: Juliana von Stolberg , 1889, p. 76.
113. ↑ Document dated September 8, 1564; State Archives Ludwigsburg (inventory 139 a I from Sturmfeder zu Oppenweiler, document 93), Regest from August 2, 1564 by Anonymous: Analyze critique de la Collection des Diplomes… du cabinet de Mr. le comte CW de Renesse-Breidbach . (Collection de Diplomes). Ancelle, Antwerp 1836, p. 271 (No. 2427), deed of March 1, 1565; State Main Archive Koblenz (holdings 655,012 Gemünden Mayor's Office, U 9) or document from 1572; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg (holdings 4 f States N State Department: Nassau-Dillenburg, No. 20).
114. ^ Regest of August 2, 1564 by Anonymous: Analyze critique de la Collection des Diplomes… du cabinet de Mr. le comte CW de Renesse-Breidbach . (Collection de Diplomes). Ancelle, Antwerp 1836, No. 2427, p. 271.
115. ↑ Franz Bossong: The Aarthal with its castles and places . Keppel & Müller, Wiesbaden undated [approx. 1895], p. 61 ( dilibri.de ).
116. ↑ Historisch Centrum Overijssel Zwolle (0224.1 Huis Rechteren bij Dalfsen, 2.1.3. Stukken aanverwante Geslachten, 21. Haes).
117. ↑ Four letters between 1552 and 1575 in the Krefeld city archive; Armin Tille (arrangement): Overview of the content of the smaller archives of the Rhine Province. Volume I. (Publications of the Society for Rhenish History 19). Hermann Behrendt, Bonn 1899, p. 30.
118. ^ Document of October 25, 1561; Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (inventory 108 Koblenz… Carthusian monastery on Beatusberg, document 1172 031).
119. ↑ ^{a b} Jost Kloft (arrangement): Inventory of the document archive of the princes of Hatzfeld-Wildenburg zu Schönstein / Sieg . (Inventories of Non-Governmental Archives 23). Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1980, pp. 377f and 383f.
120. ↑ Leipzig University Library, Autograph Collection Kestner, III / A Reponenda, Alte Familien (Kestner Collection / III / A / 444 / No. 1; earlier signature: Kestner Collection / III / A / 268); Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Reichskammergericht, 823 - Az. B 2306/6928).
121. ↑ Gelders Archief Arnhem (Huis Vornholz, 1172-601; Hof van Gelre en Zutphen, nos. 4952 and 4962).
122. ↑ Gelders Archief Arnheim (0301-35 Gendt, Broektiend);
     Trial file 1567 (Hof van Gelre en Zutphen, no.4959).
123. ↑ Gelders Archief (0404 - 44).
124. ↑ Document dated October 10, 1562; Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Brauweiler, documents, no. 168).
125. ^ Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Reichskammergericht, 3673 - Az. M 602/1648;
     Az. 3673 - M 602/1648).
126. ↑ Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers Doetinchem (0214 Briefregestenlijst Huis Bergh, various numbers); Online research using the keywords "Neuenahr", "Newenar", "Nuenar" and the like. Ä. in the regesta
127. ^ Letters from Wilhelm IV von dem Bergh to Hermann von Neuenahr, undated, and to his “cousin” dated April 11, 1561; Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers (Briefregestenlijst Huis Bergh, 5246 and 5408).
128. ^ Document of September 30, 1560, Vienna; Appellation privileges or freedoms . Johann Carl Unkel, Frankfurt am Main 1618, pp. 319-324 ( books.google.de ).
129. ^ Lehnbrief over the lordship of Bedbur Gastorp Mörick etc. In: J. F. Runde: Detailed representation , 1788.
130. ↑ = "Heinrich Bairdtz Gut" (1458); Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977, No. 640, p. 189.
131. ^ Hermann Keussen (arrangement): Document book of the city and glory of Krefeld and the county of Moers , Volume IV. A. Fürst, Krefeld 1940, p. 101.
132. ↑ Trial files, 1681–1686 (1569–1685); State archive NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Reich Chamber of Commerce, No. 1306 - Az. D 234/622).
133. ↑ Marian Tumler: The German Order in Becoming, Growing and Working until 1400 with an outline of the history of the Order from 1400 to the most recent time . Panorama, Vienna 1955, p. 138.
134. ↑ Trial file, 1563; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 310A Reich Chamber Court, A 19).
135. ↑ Documents of July 28, 1559 and March 5, 1560. In: Friedrich Karl Karg von Bebenburg: Memorial to a highly commendable general imperial assembly in Regenspurg in relation to the ... sought redemption of the city, the castle, and customs at Kaiserwerth . Heinrich Georg Neubauer, Regensburg 1764, p. 102 f. ( books.google.de ).
136. ^ Thüringisches Staatsarchiv Meiningen (Joint Hennebergisches Archiv I, 19 correspondence between the counts and civil servants and private individuals, 1476 and 2513).
137. ↑ Hermann's letter of July 17, 1561 from Moers to Irmgard von Wisch († 1583), heiress of Bronkhorst and Borculo, widow of Count Georg von Limburg-Styrum († 1552); Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers Doetinchem (0214 Briefregestenlijst Huis Bergh, No. 5477); Description and brief announcement of ..., so ... arrive in Leipzig for the wedding . Christoph Heussler, Nuremberg 1561 ( books.google.de ).
138. ^ G. Mattenclot: Commemoratio , 1866, p. 231.
139. ^ Trial file, 1561; Gelders Archief Arnhem (Hof van Gelre en Zutphen, No. 4945).
140. ↑ Peter Dohms: Lobberich. History of a municipality in the Lower Rhine region from the beginning to the present . (Series of publications of the district of Viersen 33). Butzon & Bercker, Kevelaer 1981, p. 152.
141. ^ Certificate of Emperor Maximilian I from November 15, 1492; Archives nationales de Luxembourg (AX-21-90).
142. ↑ In addition Wilfried Reininghaus: Mining cities in the Cologne Sauerland. Brilon, Hagen, Endorf and Silbach in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. In: Karl Heinrich Kaufhold, Wilfried Reininghaus (ed.): City and mining . Böhlau Cologne / Weimar 2004, pp. 39–72, esp. P. 42f and a.
143. ↑ Michael Beuther: Ordinary Verzeychniß, which shape, the recommendation and the coronation, of the… Prince… Mr. Maximilian… Roman… King… at Franckfurt am Main… 1562… happened . David Zöpfel, Frankfurt am Main 1563, unpaginated ( digital copy from the Bavarian State Library, Munich) .; Gebhard Florian, Achilles August von Lersner: The far-famous Freyen imperial election and trade city Franckfurt Chronica . Frankfurt am Main 1706, pp. 186 and 192 ( books.google.de ).
144. ↑ to the following Gustav Wolf: From Kurköln in the 16th century . (Historical Studies 51). Matthiesen, Berlin 1905, especially pp. 182-188.
145. ↑ Documents of the great-grandfather Gumprecht II of May 16, 1435 and March 31, 1455; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 271 White Women, U 2/154 and U 2/171).
146. ↑ Files of the Cologne Parliament in Bonn, 1593, 1688 - 1793; Neuss district archive (Reign of Rheda, Wevelinghoven, Lehnssachen, No. 718); Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Kurköln II, files, no. 4437); Westphalia Münster department (A 192 Grafschaft Tecklenburg, Neuenahrsche Nachlassenschaft, Herrschaft Wevelinghoven, No. 63).
147. ↑ Document of July 10, 1564; Gelders archive (0409 Huis Keppel, no.608a).
148. ^ Letter from Johann Weyer to Johannes Brenz from October 10, 1565 from Bedburg. In: De praestigiis daemonum , Basel edition 1583, col. 805–836 ( digitized version ); German edition Frankfurt am Main 1586, pp. 484-542 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
149. ↑ Treaty of November 12, 1565, advertised in trial files, 1578–1616 (1310–1617); Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Reich Chamber of Commerce, No. 3031 - Az. K 74a / 263); Martijn Boosten (Ed.): Bosgeschiedenis Euregio Rijn-Waal / Forest History Euregio Rhein-Waal . Stichting Probos, Wageningen 2012, esp. P. 209 ( PDF of the Stichting Probos).
150. ^ Hermann Keussen (edit.): Document book of the city and glory of Krefeld and the county of Moers . Volume IV. A. Fürst, Krefeld 1940, p. 106.
151. ↑ Nicolaus Mameranus: Kurtze un [d] actual verzeychnus ... aller ..., so at the Diet of Augspurg, in Jar 1566 ... appeared . Matthias Franck, Augsburg 1566 ( books.google.de ).
152. ↑ Oswald von Gschliesser: The Reichshofrat . (Publications of the Commission for the Modern History of Former Austria 33). Holzhausen, Vienna 1942 [reprint Kraus, Nendeln 1970], pp. 114–116 and 128–130.
153. ^ Letter from Philippe de Montmorency, Comte de Hornes, to his secretary Alonso de Laloo († 1608) of October 10, 1566 from Tournai . In: Famiano Strada u. a .: Supplément à l'histoire des guerres civiles de Flandre sous Philippe II. roi d'Espagne. Volume II. Pierre Michiels, Amsterdam 1729, pp. 468-471, especially p. 469 ( books.google.be ).
154. ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 310 Reichskammergericht E, A 28).
155. ^ Entry by Hermann von Weinsberg on September 6, 1566 in Liber Iuventutis ; Konstantin Höhlbaum (arrangement): The book Weinsberg. Volume II (Publications of the Society for Rhenish History 4). Alphons Dürr, Leipzig 1887, pp. 153–155, especially p. 155 ( books.google.de ; limited preview).
156. ↑ A Symon Isernheufft was 1549 Keller to Bedburg;
     Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 214 Georg, A 24).
     The cleric Konrad Isernhofft (Conradus Iserenhuyfft) († after 1529) from Ratingen wrote a Chronicon archiepiscoporum Coloniensium in 1526 ; University Library Würzburg (M. ch. F. 81).
157. ^ Letter from Lorenzo de Villavicencio to Philip II dated October 7, 1566 from Segovia ; Louis Prosper Gachard : Correspondance de Philippe II sur les affaires des Pays-Bas. Volume II. Librairie ancienne et moderne, Brussels 1851, pp. Xxxvii f ( Google Books ; with French translation); Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó : Contribución al estudio de la persona del III Duque de Alba . (Discursos Leidos ante the Real Academia de la Historia en la recepción pública). Blass, Madrid 1919, p. 124 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
158. ↑ For participants and items to be negotiated, cf. Heinrich Heppe: On the history of the Evangelical Church in Rhineland and Westphalia . J. Bädeker, Iserlohn 1867, p. 93 f. ( books.google.de ).
159. ^ Letters from January 7th and 11th 1567 from Moers to Count Johann VI. von Nassau-Dillenburg, a participant in the conference. In: Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer (Ed.): Archives ou correspondence , 1841, Vol. I, pp. 11 and 16.
160. ^ Ulrich Schuppener: The Nassau-Orange royal seat of Breda. In: Nassauische Annalen 120 (2009), pp. 83–130, especially p. 124.
161. ↑ Landgrave Georg I 1567–1596 . In. Memorable and useful Hessian antiquarian. Volume I., 2nd section Chronicle . C. Scriba, Friedberg 1856, pp. 3-32, especially p. 5 ( books.google.de ).
162. ^ Note for April 2, 1567; H. Keussen (arr.): Urkundenbuch , 1940, p. 109 (No. 5753a); Th. B. Becker: Moers 2000.
163. ^ Entry dated November 5, 1568;
     Christian Friedrich Sattler : History of the Duchy of Würtenberg under the government of the dukes. Volume VII. August Lebrecht Stettin , Ulm 1774, Beylagen p. 44 ( books.google.de ).
164. ^ Wilhelm von Hodenberg (arrangement): Hoyer Urkundenbuch . Jänecke, Hannover 1855, certificate 879, p. 537f.
165. ^ Landesarchiv NRW, Westphalia Münster department (general archive of Landsberg-Velen (Dep.) - files, no. 31666, 31669, 31850 and others).
166. ↑ Hans Erich Feine: The occupation of the imperial bishoprics from the Peace of Westphalia to the secularization 1648-1803 . (Canon Law Treatises 97-98). Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1921, p. 94f.
167. ^ Austrian State Archives Vienna (House, Court and State Archives, Arch Chancellor Archives in Mainz, Reich registry moderation 9).
168. ^ Letter gestures of September 27, October 3, 14 and 25, December 24, 1567, January 4 and 28, March 12, 1568. In: Famiano Strada u. a .: Supplément à l'histoire des guerres civiles de Flandre sous Philippe II. roi d'Espagne. Volume I. Pierre Michiels, Amsterdam 1729, esp. Pp. 212-236 ( books.google.de ).
169. ↑ The family's grave slabs were rediscovered in 1950 during excavations at the old town church of St. Dionysius in Krefeld.
170. ^ Landesarchiv NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Reichskammergericht, 3832 - Az. M 1074/2820; 4554 - Az. R 42/98); City Archives Krefeld (files, Drostamt Kraków and Pfandschaft Kraków, No. 11-17 and 21); H. Keussen: Geschichte , 1865, pp. 306-313.
171. ↑ Document of April 21, 1561; State archive NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Kornelimünster, documents no. II 3).
172. ^ Correspondence from 1568 to 1577; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg (State Department Bentheim 10, 29; Brabant 1; France 264, 282, 293, 342; Nassau-Dillenburg 20; Netherlands 38, 59, 66, 104, 106, 141, 155, 174, 190, 201, 212; Neuenahr 1 - 5; Pfalz 61; Poland 12, 85).
173. ^ John H. Leopold: Astronomers, Stars, Devices. Landgrave Wilhelm IV and his self-moving globes . Joseph Fremersdorf, Luzern 1986, p. 217.
174. ^ Act of 1571; Main State Archives Hanover (Foreign Powers: Various Princes, Counts, (Barons) Lords, No. 56).
175. ↑ Heinrich Castritius Geldorp: Reduci ex Germania gratulatio = Eidem principiante [= D. Hermanno Comiti Nuenarico & Morsensi] ex comitiis Spirensibus Reduci. 1570. Appendix to: Scholarvm ex monasticis opibus institvtio . Leiden 1580 ( digitized version from the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
176. ↑ Diarivm… Witgensteinii , 1745, p. 58, cf. P. 13.
177. ↑ Ibid. , Pp. 65 and 79.
178. ↑ Ibid. , P. 92f.
179. ↑ Ibid. , P. 69.
180. ^ Johannes van Meurs : Gulielmus Auriacus . Sive, De rebus toto Belgio tam ab eo, quam ejus tempore, gestis. Volume I. Isaak Elzevir, Lyon 1621, p. 181f ( books.google.de ); Franciscus Haraeus : Annales ducum seu principum Brabantiae totiusque Belgii. Volume III. Offizin Plantin, Antwerp 1623, p. 114 ( books.google.de ).
181. ^ Belgian State Archives Mons (Archives de la Maison de Chimay, esp. No. 1762, 1794, 1827, etc.); Fürstliches Archiv Burgsteinfurt (registered in the inventory of the Moers archive from 1600, Neuenahr 1037); Diarivm Lvdovici Comitis Witgensteinii , 1745, p. 80.
182. ^ Letter to Heinrich Castritius Geldorp of July 4, 1571 from Bedburg. In: K. L. Philipp Troß (ed.): Reformationsgeschichte , 1826, p. 185; Simon Abbes Gabbema (ed.): Illustrium et clarorum virorum epistolae selectiores superiore et hoc seculo scriptae, distributae in centurias tres . Galama, Harlingen 1669, Appendix, No. V, p. 790 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library, Munich).
183. ^ Act, 1571; State archive NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Kleve-Mark, files no. 4495).
184. ^ Letter from the Archbishop of Mainz Daniel Brendel von Homburg in support of Count Hermann to the Bishop of Liège Gerhard von Groesbeck dated January 4, 1571; Gelder Archief Arnhem (Brieven van en aan Uitheemsen, No. 1072).
185. ^ Mathias Joseph Wolters: Notice historique sur l'ancien Comté de Hornes et sur les anciennes Seigneuries de Weert, Wessem, Ghoor et Kessenich . F. u. E. Gyselynch, Gent 1850, p. 108, cf. Pp. 62f, 67, 70f and 78f ( books.google.de ).
186. ↑ Trial files, 1577; Gelders Archief Arnhem (Hof van Gelre en Zutphen, nos. 4986 and 4987).
187. ↑ Nationaal Archief The Hague (3.19.02 Inventory van het archief van de Heren van Altena, No. 64; gahetna.nl PDF; 575.68 KB).
188. ↑ Documents of February 10 and March 1, 1571; Nationaal Archief The Hague (November 3rd, 2002 Inventory of the archief van de Heren van Altena, nos. 175 and 176).
189. ^ Entry from February 18, 1577; Gemeentearchief Rotterdam (Heerlijkheidsarchief van Albrantswaard, Leenkamer: Graaf van Holland V Zuid-Holland 1199-1648, LH 133, sheet 110v).
190. ^ Jan Wagenaar: General history of the United Netherlands , translated by Eobald Toze, Vol. IV. Weidmann, Leipzig 1760, p. 41.
191. ↑ Historisch Centrum Overijssel (0224.1 - 349).
192. ↑ Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (inventory 170 II Nassau-Oranien, transcripts of documents, no. 1573).
193. ^ Letter from Landgrave Wilhelm IV of Hessen-Kassel to Ludwig VI. from the Palatinate from May 7, 1574 from Kassel. In: Letters from Frederick the Pious, Elector of the Palatinate. Volume III. No. 752, pp. 672-676 ( books.google.de ), cf. P. 651.
194. ↑ Polizeybuch the governor and Graff stem Moerss, glories Kreyfelt and free mörnsheim ;
     H. Keussen (arrangement): Urkundenbuch , 1940, p. 168ff (No. 5919).
195. ↑ Sigmund Feyerabend : Wonderful, full description of the two princely journey home . Sigmund Feyerabend, Frankfurt am Main 1576, p. 128 ( books.google.de ).
196. ↑ In Horrem , named after the former tenant Heribert Weiler;
     Hermann Cardauns, Reiner Müller (ed.): The Rhenish village chronicle of Joan Peter Delhoven from Dormagen (1783-1823) . Gesellschaft für Buchdruckerei, Neuss 1926 (reprint: Amtsverwaltung, Dormagen 1966), p. 254.
197. ↑ Trial files, 1713–1729; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Reich Chamber of Commerce, No. 3952 - Az. M 1515/3908).
198. ^ Entry by Hermann von Weinsberg on April 30, 1575 in Liber Iuventutis ; Konstantin Höhlbaum (arrangement): The book Weinsberg. Cologne monuments from the 16th century. Volume I. (Publications of the Society for Rhenish History 3). Alphons Dürr, Leipzig 1886, p. 297; House, Court and State Archives Vienna (files of the Imperial Councilor, Old Prague Files, 2386); Max Lossen: The Cologne War. Volume I Prehistory 1565–1581 . Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1888, p. 415.
199. ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (holdings 35 Reichsgrafschaft Wied-Runkel, Wied-Isenburg, fact sheet 1115).
200. ^ Letter from Adolf von Neuenahr to Johann Kasimir von Pfalz-Simmern dated February 2, 1577 from Bedburg. In: Friedrich von Bezold (arrangement): Letters from Count Palatine Johann Casimir with related documents . Vol. I 1576-1582 . M. Rieger, Munich 1882, p. 234f (No. 24).
201. ↑ document from 1577; H. Keussen (arrangement): Urkundenbuch , 1940, p. 173 (No. 5953).
202. ↑ "Ermano conte di Nuinar, di cui non è forse in Germania Heretico più pernitioso"; Letter from Bartolomeo Porcia to the Swiss Nuncio and Bishop of Como Giovanni Antonio Volpe , entry of January 13, 1578; Joseph Hansen (arrangement): Nunciature reports from Germany together with supplementary acts , III. Department 1572–1585. Volume 1 The battle for Cologne 1576–1584 . A. Bath, Berlin 1892, No. 90, pp. 226-230, especially p. 229 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive );
     Entry by the Bavarian trustees , 1579; No. 93.6 c), p. 237: "Machinations (= machinations) of the Count of Neuenahr".
203. ^ Karl-Heinz Wilkes: The Reformation in the city and region of Krefeld. In: D'r Bott - Lanker Heimatblätter 6 (1998), pp. 314–331, esp. Pp. 326f ( PDF of the Heimatkreis Lank eV).
204. ^ Entry from March 16, 1578, Arnheim; Gelders archief Arnheim (Ms no.1559, inv.no.54c).
205. ^ Johann Hildebrand Withof : The chronicle of the city of Duisburg - from the beginnings to the year 1742 (1777–1782), ed. by Albrecht Blank. Netphen 2008, p. 226f, there incorrectly “Johann Casimir von Nassau”, probably a confusion with Hermann's brother-in-law Johann VI. from Nassau-Dillenburg. On the residence of the Count Palatine in Moers in 1578, Carl Ludwig Klose: Wilhelm I. von Oranien , ed. by Heinrich Wuttke. Friedrich Fleischer, Leipzig 1864, p. 211.
206. ^ Letter to Heinrich Castritius Geldorp of July 4, 1571 from Bedburg. In: K. L. Philipp Troß (ed.): Reformationsgeschichte , 1826, p. 185; Disease files of Count Hermann v. Neuenahr from 1573; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg (State Department, Bentheim 10).
207. ^ Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Reichskammergericht, 4083 - Az. N 311/903).
208. ^ Leonard Ennen: From the memorial book of Hermann Weinsberg. In: Zeitschrift für deutsche Kulturgeschichte NF 1 (1872), pp. 554–570, 613–636 and 764–775; 3 (1874), pp. 46-56, 294-316, 359-368, 489-503 and 731-765, esp. 3 (1874), p. 737. Weinsberg imprecisely names December 2 as the date of death.
209. ^ Heinrich Castritius Geldorp: In obitum illustrissimi principis domini Hermanni, comitis a Nuenar, epicedia duo . Appendix to: Scholarvm ex monasticis opibus institvtio . Leiden 1580 ( digitized version from the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
210. ↑ H. Keussen (arrangement): Urkundenbuch , 1940, p. 50.
211. ↑ In: Hermann Hamelmann: Cum scriptura sacra consensus undecim Conciliorum, aliquot historiarum ... in perpetuo utriusque speciei Eucharistiae ... porrigendae usu . Peter Braubach , Frankfurt am Main 1557 ( digitized from the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
212. ↑ K. L. Ph. Troß: Reformation history. 1826, p. 182 f.
213. ^ C. Hirschberg: Geschichte , 1892, p. 83, based on a letter from Johannes Molanus from Duisburg to Giles van Beek (Aegidius Becius) in Frankfurt on March 16, 1561;
     Wilhelm Crecelius: De codice epistularum Johannis Molani, rectoris olim Duisburgensis. Festschrift Karl Eichhoff, Elberfeld 1870, pp. 9–11, especially p. 11 ( books.google.de ).
214. ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 10B Council minutes, A 22, sheet 60).
215. ^ Hans Hermann Theodor Stiasny: The criminal prosecution of the Anabaptists in the free imperial city of Cologne from 1529 to 1618 . (Studies and texts on the history of the Reformation 88). Aschendorff, Münster 1962, p. 59f.
216. ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 310R, Reich Chamber of Commerce - letter R, A 39a (old signature: R637 / 2047)).
217. ↑ Karl Rembert: The "Anabaptists" in the Duchy of Jülich . R. Gaertner, Berlin 1899, pp. 458f ( books.google.de ; limited preview).
218. ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 10B council minutes, A 22, sheets 61 and 66).
219. ↑ Historical Archives of the City of Cologne (holdings 20 letter books, no. 84, sheet 78; holdings 30 / G Judicial system 210, tower book (Liber captivorum), sheet 32); Leonard Ennen: History of the city of Cologne, mostly from the sources of the Cologne city archive. Volume IV. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1875, pp. 816-826, pp. 821 and 825 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
220. ^ Mathilde Monge: Survival through networking. The Anabaptist groups in Cologne and on the Lower Rhine in the 16th century. In: Anselm Schubert, Astrid von Schlachta , Michael Driedger (eds.): Grenzen des Anabaptertums / Boundaries of Anabaptism . (Writings of the Association for Reformation History 20). Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2009, pp. 214-231, especially pp. 221, 224f and 227f ( books.google.dk ).
221. ↑ K. L. Ph. Troß: Reformation History , 1826; Albert Rosenkranz: The Evangelical Rhineland , Bd. I The communities . Presseverband, Düsseldorf 1956, pp. 271, 447-455, 459.
222. ↑ Georg Buchwald (Ed.): Wittenberger Ordiniertenbuch. Volume II. Georg Wigand, Leipzig 1895, p. 127.
223. ↑ The abbot of Werden claimed in the glory Friemersheim he had given the collation of the churches to (Hoch-) Emmerich, Neukirchen and Friemersheim and the chapels to Kapellen and Lauersfort ;
     Document dated February 3, 1579; State archive NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Kleve-Mark, documents, no. 3128).
224. ^ Peter Bockmühl: Hermann and Walburgis von Nuenar and the abbot Heinrich V. von Werden. In: Monthly Issues for Rhenish Church History 4 (1910), pp. 193–203 ( digitized version (PDF) of the Association for Rhenish Church History)
225. ^ Regesta of February 4 and April 4, 1574;
     H. Keussen ( arrangement ): Document book , 1940, nos. 5911 and 5915a; Wilhelm Stüwer (edit.): The dioceses of the church province of Cologne. The Archdiocese of Cologne. Volume III. The Reichsabbey in Werden on the Ruhr . (Germania Sacra N.F. 12). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1980, p. 175 f.
226. ^ Historical Archive of the City of Cologne (holdings 295 clerical department, 235 Dutch Reformed community - anthology files, 16th century, and 237-238); Leonard Ennen: History of the city of Cologne, mostly from the sources of the Cologne city archive. Volume V. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1880, p. 322.
227. ^ Robert van Roosbroeck: Emigrants. Nederlandse vluchtelingen in Duitsland (1550–1600) . (Keurreeks 109). Davidsfonds, Löwen 1968, pp. 66–75.
228. ↑ J. F. G. Goeters: Letter , 1960.
229. ^ Letter of August 18, 1558. In: P. Bertius (Ed.): Epistolae , 1617.
230. ^ Georg Cassander: De Baptismo Infantium (Doctrina catholicae Ecclesiae… explicata 2). Arnold Birckmann, Cologne 1565 ( digital copy from the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
231. ^ Entry by Hermann von Weinsberg on August 12, 1571 in Liber Iuventutis ; Michael Glaser was a son-in-law of Gertrud (Drutgin) Bars, Weinsberg's wife.
232. ↑ Documents in the Historical Archive of the City of Cologne, State Archive North Rhine-Westphalia Department Rhineland Duisburg, Hessian State Archive Darmstadt and State Main Archive Koblenz.
233. ↑ Peter Alphonsus: Dialogi lectu dignissimi . Johann Gymnicus, Cologne 1536 ( digital copy from the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
234. ^ Robert Weber: Edition princeps et tradition manuscrite du commentaire d'Ambroise Autpert sur l'Apocalypse. In: Revue Bénédictine 70 (1960), pp. 526-539, especially pp. 528f.
235. ^ Karl Schottenloher: Dedication prefaces of German printers and publishers of the 16th century. In: Gutenberg Jahrbuch (1942/43), pp. 141–176, especially p. 162.
236. ↑ Letter from James Ussher (1581–1656) in London to Franciscus Junius (1589–1677) of July 3, 1651. In: Charles Richard Elrington (ed.): The whole works of the most Rev. James Ussher, DD, Lord Archbishop of Armagh, and primate of all Ireland. Volume XVI. Hodges and Smith, Dublin 1847, pp. 189–191, esp. P. 190 (“in bibliotheca Hermanni Comitis Nervenarii”) ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
237. ^ Sibrand Lubbert : De principiis Christianorum dogmatum libri septem. Aegidius Radaeus, Franeker 1591, p. 279 [incorrectly paginated: 179] ( books.google.de ).
238. ↑ Peter Arnold Heuser: On the history of the Codex Argenteus in the 16th century. In: Rheinische Viertelsjahrsblätter 69 (2005), pp. 133–152, especially p. 145; Reinhard Staats: The Codex Argenteus and Philipp Melanchthon in Helmstedt. In: Daphnis 40 (2011), pp. 377-409, especially pp. 379-381.
239. ^ Letter from Matal to Cassander in Duisburg dated June 6, 1564 (British Library London, Add. MS 5158, sheet 3).
240. ↑ On him cf. Leonhard Ennen:  Fabricius, Franz . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 507.
241. ↑ Maternus Cholinus, Cologne 1563.
242. ↑ Michael Toxites (Ed.): Chrysopoeiae Ioannis Avreli Avgvrelli P. Arminensis Libri Tres . Christian Mylius, Strasbourg 1565, p. 3 A.
243. ↑ In: Paracelsus: Philosophiae Magnae , Des Edlen, Hochgelahrten, Vielerfarnen and far-famed Lord, D. Aureoli Theophrasti von Hohenhaim, Paracelsi genandt, & c. Tractatus aliquot. Arnold Birckmann Erben, Cologne 1567 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich);
     Wilhelm Kühlmann, Joachim Telle: Corpus Paracelsisticum. Documents of early modern natural philosophy in Germany. Volume II / 2, Tübingen: M. Niemeyer 2004, p. 617ff.
244. ↑ Walter Ghim: Vita celeberrimi clarissimiq [ue] viri Gerardi Mercatoris Rupelmundani , à Domino Gualtero Ghymmio, Patricio Teutoburgensi, ac eiusdem oppidi antiquißimi praetore dignißimo, conscripta. In: Gerardi Mercatoris Atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et fabricati figura . Busius, Düsseldorf 1595 ( digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf).
245. ↑ From Oelsnitz / Vogtl. , Educator of the children of the doctor Heinrich Stromer in Leipzig, later a doctor in Cologne;
     Otto Clemen: A correspondent of Melanchthon, Moritz Seidel from Ölsnitz i. V. In: Contributions to the Saxon Church History 46 (1938), pp. 144–147.
246. ↑ fact sheet, 1556; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (125 crime files, A 6, sheets 30–39).
247. ↑ Heinz Scheible (ed.): Melanchthon's correspondence. Volume VIII Regesten 8072-9301 (1557-1560) . Frommann-Holzboog, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 1995, p. 51 (No. 8167).
248. ↑ Document of April 9, 1565; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 2/17689). In 1572 and 1579 he was mayor of Moers;
     Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers Doetinchem (0214 Briefregestenlijst Huis Bergh, No. 6633).
249. ↑ Hermannus. Comes a Noua Aquila. & Mursa, D. in Bedbur, & c. , Aliud in Aquilam Nieunariae gentis insignia. τετράστικον , Epitaphium in obitum Magdalenae à Nassavv. Illustr. Comitis à Nieunaer & Mursa pientissimae coniugis, & c. quae obijt Anno 1567. Hendecasyllabi , the Acrostichon In eiusdem obitum Acrostichis , and the Chronogramme Distichon Numerum anni 1567 quo Mursae obijt comprehendens = L'Incarnation de l'année qu'elle trespassa. In: Xenia seu Ad illustrium aliquot Europae hominum nomina, Allusionum. Volume I. p. n. [Thomas Guarinus], Basel 1568, pp. 44f, 44, 45f and 46f and 47 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
250. ↑ Claudius Cantiuncula: Consilia sive responsa , ... edita, per Guielmum Cnitelium VI Doctorem. Dietrich Graminaeus, Gerwin Calenius & Johannes Quentel Erben; Cologne 1571 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich), ( books.google.de ).
251. ↑ Ibid. , Consilia XXXV – XXXVII, pp. 513-538.
252. ↑ Johan von der Noot: Theatrum that is, Schawplatz, in which the vanity of earthly and historical things and the most surpassing divine and heavenly things are shown and explained , ... first described in Brabandisch, but now in Upper Lendisch German overlaid, by Baltic Hasarn Froe arithmetic masters Cologne. O. O. [Gottfried Hitzhorn, Cologne] 1572; Leonard Forster: Jan van der Noot and the German Renaissance poetry. In: Daphnis 6 (1977), pp. 101-118, especially p. 109.
253. ↑ Akten, 1446–1573, and Akten, 1574-1579; Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Moers, Oranien-Moers (files), No. 105; Kleve-Mark, files No. 905).
254. ↑ Heinrich Castritius Geldorp: Scholarvm ex monasticis opibus institvtio . Illvstrissimi et doctissimi principis D. Hermanni Comitis Nuenarici & Morsensis mandato descripta, s. n., Leiden 1580 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
255. ↑ Paul Melissus: Melissi Schediasmatvm Reliqviae . Georg Rab, Frankfurt am Main 1575, pp. 2 and 135 ( digitized version of the regional library center Rhineland-Palatinate Koblenz).
256. ↑ Nikolaus von Reusner: Emblemata… partim ethica, et physica, partim vero historica & hieroglyphica . Frankfurt am Main 1581, p. 105f ( books.google.de ).
257. ^ Johann Weyer: De praestigiis daemonum et incantationibus ac veneficiis . 2nd ed. Johann Oporinus Successor, Basel 1577, p. 715 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library, Munich);
     Christoph Meiners : Historical comparison of the customs and constitutions, the laws and trades of trade and religion, the sciences and educational institutions of the Middle Ages with those of our century. Volume III, Hanover: Helwing 1794, p. 369.
258. ↑ Ioannes Vuier : De morbo irae, eiusdem curatione Philosophica, Media & Theologica, Liber. Irascimini sine peccato . Johann Oporinus successor, Basel 1577 ( Google Books in the edition of Opera Omnia . Amsterdam 1660); German From anger . Welack, Wittenberg 1585, p. Xxv ( digitized version of the Regensburg University Library).
259. ^ Letter from Arnt Wier to Maria von Nassau of December 18, 1568; Nationaal Huis Bergh (Regest No. 5979).
260. ^ Regest of a document dated October 12, 1562 in: Ottomar Friedrich Kleine, Heinrich Averdunk: Das Stadtarchiv zu Duisburg. In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine, especially the Old Archdiocese of Cologne 59 (1894), pp. 171–229, especially p. 227 ( books.google.de ); Carl Binz : Doctor Johann Weyer, a Rhenish doctor, the first fighter against the witch madness. A contribution to the history of the Enlightenment and medicine . Hirschwald, 2nd edition, Berlin 1896 (reprints Sendet, Wiesbaden 1969 and Arno Press, New York 1975), p. 178f ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
261. ^ Friedrich August Eckstein: Nomenclator philologorum. Leipzig: B. G Teubner 1871, p. 152.
262. ↑ Epistolae Martini Lutheri, Philippi Mel. Et aliorum ; Russian National Library Saint Petersburg (Codex E 842, sheet 196); probably forwarded to Melanchthon by NN (Johannes Caesarius?);
     Melanchthon-Online from Heidelberg University.
263. ↑ Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (holdings 3036 complete inventory of the old Dillenburg archive, KHA Inv. A 3 Correspondence of Count Johann VI. Von Nassau-Dillenburg, No. 895/1 Hermann von Neuenahr, 11 letters, 1567-1578 ( digitized version of the Royal House Archives The Hague ; Scan 1043 and 1044)).
264. ↑ Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (holdings 3036, KHA Inv. A 3, no. 895/1 ( digitized version of the Royal House Archives The Hague; scan 1046 and 1047)).
265. ↑ Heinrich Pantaleon: Prosopographiae Herovm Atqve Illvstrivm Virorum Totivs Germaniae. Volume III. Brylinger, Basel 1566, p. 460 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich) = Teutscher Nation Heldenbuch .. Volume III. Brylinger, Basel 1570, p. 444 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich);
     the identical picture z. B. Heldenbuch , p. 67 or p. 270.

predecessor	Office	successor
Wilhelm II.	Count of Neuenahr-Bedburg-Rösberg 1552–1578	Anna Walburga , represented by Adolf until 1589
Wilhelm II.	Count of Moers 1552–1578	Anna Walburga , represented by Adolf until 1589
Gumprecht (II.) IV. (VI.)	Count of Limburg (regency) 1555–1570	Adolf
Gumprecht (II., IV.) VI.	Hereditary bailiff of the Archbishopric of Cologne (as guardian) 1555–1570	Adolf