Lead wash
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Lead wash
City of Bad Wünnenberg
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| Height : | 445 m |
| Area : | 9.2 km² |
| Residents : | 934 (25 Aug 2016) |
| Population density : | 102 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1975 |
| Postal code : | 33181 |
| Area code : | 02953 |
 Location of lead laundry in Bad Wünnenberg
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 Aerial photo (2013)
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Lead laundry is the southernmost village in the Paderborn district in North Rhine-Westphalia and belongs to the city of Bad Wünnenberg . At the same time it is 447 m above sea level. NN the highest village in the Detmold administrative district .
geography
While almost the entire remaining urban area of Bad Wünnenberg belongs to the southern Paderborn plateau , lead washing is in the Alme-Afte-Bergland and is therefore already part of the Sauerland landscape .
Neighboring places
Lead laundry borders the Wünnenberg districts of Bad Wünnenberg and Fürstenberg as well as the Hochsauerlandkreis with the districts of Madfeld and Alme of the city of Brilon .
history
Until the 20th century
On lead smelting point in the region slags, roman coins found and lead bullion from the second and third century in the corridor of Thiekopp out.
The name lead washing is based on the mining of lead that took place there from 1527 to 1600 and was "washed" on site. The first written mention of the name Bleywesche dates back to 1540. A nearby settlement called Thetbaldinghusen, which later fell into desolation, is also mentioned . Ore mining was also mentioned in the document from 1540, so the foundation of the place Bleiwasher can be assumed in the first half of the 16th century. After some time the mining stopped, the reasons for this are not known. The settlement remained, however.
The bishop Dietrich Adolf von der Recke claimed the village in 1654 as part of a pledge. In the 17th century, the residents joined the parish in Madfeld . The prince-bishops of Paderborn and Münster separated the community in 1713 and set up a separate pastor's office and a pastor for each place, and lead washing was given permission to build its own church. This was built from 1708 to 1710 and inaugurated in 1711 by Vicar General Jodokus Friehoff under the patronage of St. Agatha. In order to guarantee the maintenance of the pastor and the church, the Prince-Bishop Franz Arnold von Metternich ordered the separation of some properties from the community hut and assigned them to the church. There were a total of 26 acres of arable land, one acre of meadow, the red land and one acre of garden land . In 1719 the parish received a meadow in the Nettetal from Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Westphalen. A schoolhouse was built in the 18th century and has been expanded again and again since then.
In 1825 the community built a small fire station next to the churchyard , which was expanded in 1846 because of the purchase of a fire engine. There is a record of the pastor from 1844 in which he characterizes the population: One is rather cold and insensitive to the good, beautiful and spiritual . During the revolution in 1848, the residents demolished the forester's house and set it on fire because the old hud rights had not yet been settled. Several men were later given prison terms. A new cemetery was laid out in 1852 and enclosed with a hedge. The place had a total of 653 inhabitants in 1858. Life was characterized by rough weather, accidents, crop failures and fires. Sources of income were cattle breeding, agriculture, potash production and trade. The lead mines contributed little to income. They were only operated sporadically in the 19th century. There was a factory for making earthen pipes, but it had few jobs. A kiln for the brick and lime kiln was put into operation in 1831 and in 1847 the community built a brick factory. A new two-class school was built in 1891. The old Agatha church had become too small and dilapidated. It was replaced by a new building, the cornerstone of which was laid in April 1897. The construction was finished in autumn 1898 with the completion of the tower and consecrated in 1901 by the auxiliary bishop Gockel.
Since the 20th century
In State Forest District 13, a water extraction system was put into operation at the beginning of the 20th century and the place was connected to the central water supply network until 1904. However, in the summer months of the first few years the pipeline hardly supplied any water. To remedy this, the spring in Plessen was re-framed and the water collecting tunnel was extended by 75 meters. In the first decade of the 20th century, an expansion of the cemetery became necessary; an approximately two-meter-wide strip on the east side was not consecrated by the church in 1902 in order to be able to lay graves here for people of different faiths and unbaptized people. During the First World War, lead washer men were also drafted who lacked manpower. Some prisoners of war were obliged to work. In the war years, a large part of the cultivated food and cattle was confiscated and used to supply the Ruhr area. Feed was also confiscated several times.
After the end of the war, the population slowly returned to normal. In June 1919 the electrification of the village began. It was completed by 1920. In 1920 a clock financed by donations was installed in the church tower. The Sauerland heavy spar works and the Giebeler company from Siegen began mining heavy spar in 1920 ; in 1921, around 20 workers were employed there. In the twenties there was a lot of construction activity in both private and community buildings. The rifle hall was enlarged and the rectory was renewed. The old school building was raised to give a teacher accommodation. In order to remedy the water shortage that reigns again and again in the summer months, a pumping system was built. After a food inspection in May 1921, no connection permit was issued due to poor water quality. A pumping station was built by 1932 and a line to the elevated tank was laid.
In January 1931 there were 54 registered unemployed in the municipality. In December 1933, after Adolf Hitler came to power , there were, with a few exceptions, no more unemployed. In the elections in 1936 and 1938, 99.9% of those eligible to vote gave their vote to the NSDAP . The then mayor Joh. Wigger resigned from his office in 1934 because he did not want to bow to certain new currents in leadership and administration . Lead washing was spared direct consequences during the Second World War , some British planes flew over the place but did no damage. The population had to provide a large part of the food and harvests, and a number of horses were gradually mustered for military service. Two church bells were confiscated and melted down in 1942. From 1943 onwards, up to 200 people evacuated from the Ruhr area were assigned to the community for accommodation, and soldiers were also quartered on occasion. American infantry marched into the town on April 3, 1945 and the war was over for the town.
There was no significant looting or harassment during the short period of occupation. The Russian, Polish and Italian soldiers released from captivity became a problem . They looted individual houses, robbed individuals and slaughtered cattle in the pastures. The foreign soldiers returned to their homeland within a few weeks. At the end of October 1945, school lessons were resumed. A first rifle festival was celebrated in 1946, as firearms were not allowed, the bird was thrown with clubs. From July 1946 the community had to take in and accommodate 105 displaced persons . The municipality acquired land and made it available to new residents who were willing to build as settlement land. The housing shortage had been resolved since 1952. In 1967 there was again a housing shortage, the community made 5.5 acres of building land available, on which 28 houses were then built. The elementary school was expanded in 1957, a break hall and a group room were added, and the community built a new school building in 1969. A new morgue was built in the cemetery from 1964 to 1965.
In 1969, a culture and sports center with a community hall and sports facilities was built according to plans by the architect Geining from Winterberg. The completion of the sports field lasted until 1970. In the sixties the place got an improved road network with the installation of street lighting. A large part of the previously water-bound road surfaces were covered with tar. A number of roads have been widened and straightened. The small wastewater treatment plant in Schwelge had to be replaced by a modern wastewater treatment plant because it was completely overloaded.
The municipalities belonging to the southern Paderborn region and AGENDA 21 NRW created a joint concept in November 2009 with the aim of optimizing joint municipal land management.
Incorporation
Before 1 January 1975, belonged to the former municipality Bleiwäsche for office Wünnenberg in county Buren . With the entry into force of the Sauerland / Paderborn Act on that day, the four municipalities of Bleiwinen, Fürstenberg, Leiberg and Wünnenberg of the Wünnenberg office were merged with the three municipalities of Elisenhof, Haaren and Helmern of the Atteln office to form the new town of Wünnenberg and came with this to the Paderborn district . The legal successor to the Wünnenberg office and the municipality of Bleireinigung became the new town of Wünnenberg, which is now called Bad Wünnenberg.
Population development
| 1818 | 530 inhabitants | 1933 | 620 inhabitants |
| 1831 | 605 inhabitants | 1939 | 586 inhabitants |
| 1837 | 649 inhabitants | 1946 | 885 inhabitants |
| 1843 | 671 inhabitants | 1950 | 812 inhabitants |
| 1849 | 683 inhabitants | 1957 | 752 inhabitants |
| 1852 | 689 inhabitants | 1961 | 783 inhabitants |
| 1858 | 653 inhabitants | 1965 | 800 inhabitants |
| 1867 | 644 inhabitants | 1970 | 801 inhabitants |
| 1871 | 606 inhabitants | 1973 | 802 inhabitants |
| 1885 | 585 inhabitants | 1974 | 810 inhabitants |
| 1895 | 590 inhabitants | 2004 | 932 inhabitants |
| 1905 | 571 inhabitants | 2010 | 903 inhabitants |
| 1925 | 564 inhabitants | 2016 | 934 inhabitants |
politics
City council elections
In the last local elections in 2009, lead-washed voters voted for the city council as follows:
coat of arms
On April 6, 1966, the then municipality of Bleiwash received permission from the Minister of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia to bear the following coat of arms:
Description : In silver (white) the blue alchemical symbol for lead under a green shield head, inside an upright ear between two upright oak leaves, all gold (yellow).
Meaning: The alchemical symbol for lead symbolizes the ore mining that took place in earlier centuries, especially of lead, to which the place owes its name. The shield head stands for the predominant forest areas and agriculture in the district of lead washing.
Culture and sights
Lead laundry currently has a population of around 900, and the 1000 mark has never been exceeded. The club life mainly consists of the Heimatschutzverein, the sports club SV-Rot-Weiß Bleireinigung, the tourist association, the fishing club and the music club. There is also the youth art school in lead laundry, the catholic rural youth movement in lead laundry and a recently founded choral society. Also worth mentioning are the Düstertal quarry, popular with mineral collectors, and the former Landhotel Waldwinkel - today the Sophia Castle Hotel, which with its three gables is visible from afar. In the forests around the village, you can still see traces of the earlier ore mining in the form of pings . To illustrate this, the mining route in lead washing was opened in 2011 . The thematic circular route is three kilometers long and is a supplement to the 240-kilometer Sauerland forest route . Several information boards provide an overview of historical mining, the formation of the landscape and the fossils and minerals found. The Düstertal quarry and its work can be observed from newly designed platforms.
In the village there is the Roman Catholic parish church of St. Agatha . It was built in 1897.
Economy and Infrastructure
Quarry
The Brilon plateau is a Devonian karst area. It belongs to the Rhenish Slate Mountains and is characterized by dry valleys and sinkholes . The subsoil of the rock is Brilon mass limestone consisting of reef carbonates . The mining takes place in the Düstertal, near lead washing. A very pure limestone is mined. Lead ores were mined in this area very early on, and some tunnels and extensive pinge trains have been preserved from this mining . The lead ore is mainly found in karst chutes . They are filled with very tough Latvians . In the Middle Ages , a number of shafts were sunk in search of such vents . The chimneys were not used regularly, but when they were successful they delivered large quantities of lead ore. The lead ore was brought to Meggen for further processing. Cerussite and calcite and scalenohedra dissolved in negative forms were also detected. The parts are also called perimorphosis, the ore is associated with copper ores. The lead ore was transported to Meggen by truck, with ore chunks weighing several hundred kilograms. The cubes had an edge length of up to 20 cm. Two interconnected cubes with an edge length of over 15 cm were excavated in 2006. These finds were called perimorphosis, it is a combination of lead ore with copper ores. When the Meggen mine was still in operation, the lead ore was regularly transported to Meggen by truck. Lumps of ore weighing several hundred pounds were not uncommon. The cubes were found with an edge length of up to 20 cm. In 2006 a step consisting of two intergrown cubes with an edge length of over 15 cm was found. Often the aggregates, irregularly structured, are eaten away. Cerussite is not infrequently found in the spandrels of these structures. In addition, there are often negative forms of released calcite scalenohedra in the pieces of ore. These pieces can be called perimorphosis. Lead ore is associated with copper ores.
A cave system was driven into during the excavation work for the quarry in 1987. The discovery led to what is probably the largest German research project on a cave. Due to the green discoloration of the sinter, caused by copper ores, the cave was given the name "Malachite Dome". Since the cave was quickly recognized as a ground monument worthy of protection, the operator had to stop mining in this area.
The central hall of the cave is one of the largest self-supporting cave rooms in North Rhine-Westphalia. In the cave you can see lead ores in Latvians in places. What is special, however, is the coloring of the sinter formations mentioned. Guided tours take place only rarely, as access in the entry area is difficult via a ladder. It has not been dismantled for a number of years.
economy
- Windfang Windpark Madfeld-Bleiwasher GmbH & Co. KG operates eight plants with a total output of 10.2 MW (six Tacke 1.5s-1,500 kW and two Südwind S46-600 kW).
traffic
Lead washing is on the L 956 state road between Bad Wünnenberg and Madfeld (City of Brilon).
Approx. Until 1992, the master station of the German DECCA chain was located two kilometers south of lead washing .
societies
- Heimatschutzverein Bleireinigung e. V.
- Musikverein Bleireinigung e. V.
- Chorios lead wash
- Angelsportverein 1976 e. V. Lead washing
- Sports club SV Rot-Weiß Bleireinigung 1927 eV
literature
- Karl Heinrich Kaufhold: City and mining. Verlag Böhlau, 2004, ISBN 3-412-12204-1 , p. 43 f.
- Various authors home book of the city of Wünnenberg. HrsG Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, total production Paderborn printing center
Web links
- Lead wash website
- Lead wash on the sides of the fiber optic cable
- Mineral Atlas - History of the Quarry
- Mining route
- Lead washing in the Westphalia culture atlas
Individual evidence
- ↑ Various authors Heimatbuch der Stadt Wünnenberg HrsG Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, total production Paderborn printing center, p. 177
- ↑ original lead smelting
- ↑ Kaufhold, p. 43 f.
- ↑ Gerhard Henkel: History and Geography of the Büren District Verlag Schöningh, 1974, ISBN 3-506-73840-2 , p. 121.
- ↑ Mention of the desert
- ↑ Explanation of the term pledge
- ↑ Various authors Heimatbuch der Stadt Wünnenberg HrsG Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, total production Paderborn printing center, pages 159 to 165
- ↑ Various authors Heimatbuch der Stadt Wünnenberg HrsG Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, total production Paderborn printing center, pages 168 to 169
- ↑ Report in the magazine Südliches Paderborner Land ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 321 .
- ↑ Local elections 2009
- ↑ Various authors Heimatbuch der Stadt Wünnenberg HrsG Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, total production Paderborn printing center, p. 177
- ↑ Information on the mining trail ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ ping trains
- ↑ Mineral Atlas - History of the Quarry
- ↑ Mineralienatlas - Quarry lead wash
- ↑ Pages of Windfang GmbH
- ↑ Pages of the Heimatschutzverein
- ↑ Pages of the Musikverein
- ↑ Pages des Chorios ( Memento of the original from December 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Pages of the fishing club
- ↑ Pages of the sports club
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