Alme (Brilon)

Alme City of Brilon
Coordinates: 51 ° 27 ′ 21 ″  N , 8 ° 37 ′ 13 ″  E
Height :	278–481 m above sea level NN
Area :	35.72 km²
Residents :	1836  (Dec. 31, 2013)
Population density :	51 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	1st January 1975
Postal code :	59929
Area code :	02964
Location of Alme within the urban area of ​​Brilon
Aerial photo (2013)

The federal road as a thoroughfare

Partial view of the place

Listed building in Wünnenberger Straße 6

The alpine pasture

The community hall, the social center of the place

Alme is a village part of the city of Brilon in the North Rhine-Westphalian Hochsauerlandkreis in Germany . The municipality, which was independent until the end of 1974, lies on the border with Bad Wünnenberg and thus in the transition area between Sauerland and Paderborner Land or Bürener Land . With 1836 inhabitants and a municipal area of ​​around 35 km², Alme is the largest district of Brilon after the city center.

geography

The village is located on the edge of the Brilon plateau in an undulating hill country. The alpine pasture, which rises from 104 karst springs in the southern area of ​​the village, flows through the village in a north-north-westerly direction and leaves the district in the direction of Büren. Here at the mouth of the Nette is found at 278  m above sea level. NN the lowest point of the district. In the south, the terrain rises to 481  m above sea level. NN at. This point is east of the road from Alme to Wülfte . In the west are the wooded eastern foothills of the Arnsberg Forest . More extensive forest areas can be found in the north and east of the district.

Neighboring towns are the Brilon districts of Nehden in the south and Wülfte in the south-west. In the north-west are the villages of Harth and Weiberg , which belong to Büren . In the north lies the city of Bad Wünnenberg and in the east its district of Bleireinigung . 20.91 km² of the approximately 35 km² municipal area are forest.

Local division

Up until the 20th century there were three independent communities in the area of ​​today's Alme district. These were Oberalme and Niederalme as well as the aristocratic manor community Alme. In 1928 the community Alme was formed from it. In the course of the municipal reorganization in North Rhine-Westphalia, the municipality of Alme became a district of the city of Brilon on January 1, 1975 on the basis of the Sauerland / Paderborn Act . Today the place has about 1870 inhabitants and is with a district area of ​​about 35 km², of which 20.91 km² consist of forest, the geographically largest district of Brilon.

history

The area around Alme was settled from around 2000 BC. BC, as is shown by finds of spindle whorls and shell stones near today's Hallinghausen , between Alme and Bad Wünnenberg .

middle Ages

St. Ludgerus with view of the cemetery

The first documentary mention probably dates from the year 952. In a document of the later Emperor Otto I , a place called "Almundoraf" is mentioned. The Saxon settlement at that time was located in the area of ​​today's parish church of St. Ludgerus . This gave Wich Castle Geseke the woman pen Geseke , she together with her siblings Graf Hahold had founded, Brun and Friedrich 946th A first chapel was built in 1003 in the area of ​​today's parish church as a separate church . Pastor Beilen was first mentioned in 1383 as a pastor in Alme. The parish of Hallinghausen was probably moved to Alme after the place was destroyed in a feud . In Hallinghausen, Conrad Dollenberg was mentioned for the last time in 1377. A castle was built in 1325 in the area of ​​today's Gut Haus Tinne . The castle and town were pledged to the noblemen von Büren of the Wewelsburg line in 1374. These pledged both in 1380 to Johann von Schorlemer the Younger and in 1394 half to Hermann vom Alten Haus Padberg .

After the Wewelsburgs died out, Archbishop Friedrich of Cologne took over Castle Alme in 1411. His successor Archbishop Dietrich of Cologne signed a contract with the brothers Gottschalk and Friedrich vom Neuen Haus Padberg in 1415, after which Gottschalk moved his residence to Alme. In 1428 Godert von Meschede bought the house and stone works with all associated goods from the Lords of Thülen . Archbishop Dietrich II of Cologne left Alme Castle to him in 1430 as a "desert court". For the first time in 1493 a distinction was made between the houses Oberalm and Niederalme. The estates belonged to the cousins ​​Gerd and Heinrich von Meschede together. Gerhard von Meschede finally built the Niederalme house in 1505. Remains of this building can still be seen today in the western part of the manor house of Schloss Alme.

Modern times

Alme Castle

House Tinne

In a border treaty with the city of Brilon on May 4, 1525, the Lords of Meschede agreed with the city on the border line:

“Dat pull aenseit nedden on the Harlebecke, as vern as pull de Almer marcke strect, darselvest eyn stein gesath up de a zyet a cruce, up de other ziet eyn spaer, de Harlebecke heen up den Burer wegh, dar de aver de Harlebecke geit, the Burer wegh up to the lutken Rumberen an de snehecruce, de dar up de westziden van because of the van Brylen houwen, who wapen vors (creven) van Messchede, as also [save] to de oetziet, who also has the same snehen up the neisten sypen, schnebet an de westziet an den Burer wegh, the selvigen sypen up de harrows des sypens, so dar de snehecruce ande later darlieh utwyset, at the end of the snehe de worries and before the boeme darselvest eyn stone sown, up de one syet eyn cruce, up other ziet eyn late ... "

This agreement shows the dependency on the respective local government, because brothers and cousins ​​of those from Meschede, the city of Brilon and aristocratic and civil arbitrators were present. There is no mention of the villagers participating.

With the death of Goddert von Meschede zu Oberalme in 1553, the Oberalme house was divided into an Oberalme house and a Bruch house. Haus Oberalme was taken over by Hermann II von Wolmeringhausen , who had married one of the two heirlooms in 1527; Haus Bruch went to Wilke von Bodenhausen , the husband of the other heir's daughter. Both houses were reunited under Josias von Wolmeringhausen. Through the von Twiste and von Hanxleden families , Friedrich Wilhelm von Gaugreben came into the possession of Haus Bruch through marriage and through purchase into Haus Oberalme.

In the course of an inheritance dispute, the Niederalme house was divided into an old and a new Niederalme house in 1589. While the old house remained in the possession of the von Meschede family, the new house came to the von Holdinghausen family through marriage. Dietrich Adam von Meschede built the baroque moated castle Alme in 1744, including older parts of Niederalme Castle . With the death of Diedrich Adam von Meschede in 1768 the family of those at Meschede went extinct. He had appointed his second wife Franziska Dorothea von Bruch as a universal heir. From this he made the condition that after her death the eldest son of his daughter should take over the inheritance. In 1769, Theodor Werner von Bocholtz came into possession.

In 1717 Maria Magdalene von Gaugreben had the Tinne house built on the site of the former Oberalme Castle . "The Oberalme house called the Tinne" was sold in 1775 by Friedrich Christian von Gaugreben to Baron Ferdinand von Bocholtz .

On March 1, 1733, the Alme, which politically belonged to Kurköln, was also ecclesiastically subordinated to the Archdiocese of Cologne . In the bull “de salute animarum” in 1823, the Archbishopric of Paderborn was responsible for the former Duchy of Westphalia, after it was added to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1816 as part of the Province of Westphalia.

In the 19th century the three communities Niederalme, Oberalme and Gutsgemeinde Alme were established. After a second class mail expedition had been set up in Alme in 1861, Alme also got a railway connection when the Büren – Brilon railway was put into operation in 1901. In 1912 the rulership in Alme changed again. Franz Reichsgraf von Spee acquired the Almer possessions from the Counts of Bocholtz. In 1922 there was still a poor house in Alme. On September 30, 1928, the municipality of Alme was formed from the municipalities of Nieder Alme, Ober Alme and the Alme estate .

Second World War

In November 1944 the staff of the Waffen SS division Das Reich was temporarily housed in Alme Palace. From the beginning of 1945, allied low-flying aircraft appeared more and more frequently over Alme and the Almetal. The Almetalbahn near Alme was repeatedly targeted by low-flying pilots. On February 13th, Alme station was fired at by low-flying aircraft with on-board weapons. Two locomotives remained unusable. Two buildings caught fire and several buildings were hit. Shortly before the occupation, there were around 6,000 prisoners in the village who could no longer be removed before the approaching Allied troops because the Almetalbahn was unusable. The Volkssturm was called and roadblocks were prepared. Rear Wehrmacht agencies, including the staff of a transport regiment, came into the village, and a little later police units too. Individual troops of the Wehrmacht should now prepare to defend Alme, but withdrew at the persuasion of some villagers. On March 29th, Nehden was occupied. On the following day, large columns of vehicles with US Army tanks passed the village from the direction of Nehden. The vehicles driving towards Wünnenberg were attacked behind Alme. A US tank was hit and several US soldiers were wounded. On April 1st, US soldiers occupied the village. In the following period there were minor looting by former prisoners in the village. Separate farms around Alme had bigger problems. In the Second World War , 58 Almer fell as soldiers, most of them on the Eastern Front , or died in hospital and in captivity.

After the Second World War

The municipality of Alme became a district of the city of Brilon on January 1, 1975 in the course of the municipal reorganization in North Rhine-Westphalia on the basis of the Sauerland / Paderborn law.

Jewish life

Residents of Jewish faith settled in the village as early as the 17th century; two families are attested for 1704. In 1724 Moses Levi asked the Lord von Meschede for escort protection in the local baroness. The text of the letter of passage reads: ... live peacefully in all wise ways, Jews establish order and conduct according to their trade and conduct according to the amount, they behave accordingly in all points, then pay 8 rthlr for the annual protection fee, eight rthlr without warning he with his own protected by me against everyone else, on the other hand, if he did not behave as prescribed, he would lose the protection and protection granted to him; Certificate of my handwritten signature and pre-printed innate riding, sign. Alme d. 12th ocher 1724

Levi settled in Niederalme. Both parties had an advantage, the landlord got annual protection money and Levi and his family enjoyed some protection. In the following decades the number of Jewish families increased continuously, in 1807 74 Jews were registered. A synagogue with a corresponding parish, which was headed by a ruler, existed before 1775. The first officially documented ruler was Aron Neuwahl; he ruled in 1809 in a dispute over the improper behavior of three people in the synagogue. In order to give the rulers legal certainty in their decisions, the Patrimonial Court wrote the extensive instruction for the head of the Israelite Community of Almen in 1815 . However, the court retained control and supervision. In 1828 there was a rift between the Jews in Ober- and Niederalme. Until then, the headmaster was traditionally always based in Niederalme and he was also re-elected by the Niederalmers, his name was Moses Schild. The Oberalm Jews had elected Jacob Ruhstädt, who maintained a prayer room, as the new headmaster. After lengthy quarrels, the government in Arnsberg decided, with a reference to a letter from the regional rabbi Friedländer, that Ruhstädt had to close his prayer room.

The first synagogue was in Judengasse; it is designated as such in a site plan from 1775. The building was owned by Bocholtz, the annual rent of 13 thalers was paid by the Jewish community. Due to problems with the payments - the community was in default - the synagogue, which belonged to the rentier of Count von Bocholtz, was bought on October 18, 1821; the purchase price was 200 thalers and was to be paid in installments. The building was 16½ feet square and 11 feet high. This synagogue was behind the Judengasse and some renovations were carried out. In 1823 the community ran into financial difficulties, the installment could not be paid on time. Some community members were legally obliged to pay under the supervision of the land clerk Joseph Friedländer. In 1825 the due installment was attached to the head of the community.

The building was in a poor structural condition, the patrimonial court urged repair work and suggested a new building, as renovation was hardly worthwhile. Since the Jews from Oberalme and the Jews from Niederalme could not come to an agreement when the community members voted, the Patrimonial Court decided on April 13, 1826 in favor of a new building. After a number of disputes, construction began under the direction of master Kramer and was completed on May 9, 1826. The synagogue was on a square floor plan with sides 27 feet long and the ceiling height 20 feet. The vault was symmetrical, the roof covered with tiles. Three outer walls were divided by tall windows with white glass; on the fourth side there were two doors to allow entry separately by gender. The three-sided gallery in the interior with stairs was three feet high. In order to be able to cover part of the construction costs, the municipality rented the benches to the highest bidder. A first repair was necessary as early as 1836, another in 1860. The building was probably used as a prayer house until 1910. In 1912 the property was sold; only two Jewish families lived in Alme; the dilapidated synagogue was torn down.

Jewish teachers have been recorded since 1759, but they kept moving away after a short time because of poor pay. There was no school of its own; the lessons were held in private apartments.

The Jewish cemetery existed before 1824, at that time it was already occupied. It was mentioned in the death register as Todtenhof Niederalme , and in 1834 the 1,500 m² burial ground was recorded as a Jewish miner . The last burial took place in 1939. A memorial stone framed by two boulders commemorates the deceased.

politics

coat of arms

Blazon :

In a golden field under red rafters a silver goose with a red beak swimming on a blue wavy shield base .

Description:

The coat of arms was approved on January 22, 1955. After the justification, the family of Meschede, which was closely connected with the history of the place, included the rafter shield in the coat of arms. The goose is a symbol of the church patron Ludgerus . The undulating river shield indicates the Alme and the nearby Almequelle.

Today's meaning

Alme can be described as a sub-center. Essential characteristic facilities such as church, school, kindergarten, self-service shop or sports facilities not only supply the Almer population, but are also used in part by the residents of neighboring towns. Alme can be characterized as a place of residence with agriculture and tourism. Commercial and craft facilities as well as service providers are playing an increasingly important role. 14 well-marked hiking trails with a total length of over 50 km invite you to extensive and relaxing hikes through the Almer forests.

Historical views

• 

  Map of Niederalm and Oberalme 1851

• 

  Former poor house in Alme, 1922

literature

• Alfred Bruns: Office Thülen, history and tradition . Brilon 1974.
• Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939–1945 - reports from many employees from all over the district. Josefs-Druckerei, Bigge 1955.
• Anton Fahne: The dynasts, barons and counts of Bocholtz along with genealogy of those families . Cologne 1857–1863.
• Josef Grafe: Alme, border town between Kurköln and the Paderborn Monastery . Brilon 2001.
• Albert K. Hömberg : Historical news about aristocratic seats and manors in the Duchy of Westphalia . Booklet IV, District Brilon I, Münster 1972.
• Various Authors: Alme, border town between Kurköln and the Paderborn monastery. Contributions to history . Brilon 2002.
• Dietmar Hölmer: 1050 years of Alme, 952–2002, Almundoraf - Alme. Alme 2003.
• Ursula Hesse: Jewish life in Alme Altenbüren Brilon Madfeld Messinghausen Rösenbeck Thülen from the beginnings to the present. Ed. City of Brilon, 1991.

Web links

Commons : Alme (Brilon)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• www.alme-info.de
• Alme (Brilon) in the Westphalia Culture Atlas

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population statistics December 31, 2013. (PDF) City of Brilon, accessed on January 18, 2014 (10.8 kB).  
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Topographic map 1: 25,000
3. ↑ StA Münster Fstm. Paderborn, Document 900, No. 10 / Anton Fahne: Document Book Meschede No. 78 and 95.
4. ↑ Reinhard Oberschelp : The noble lords of Büren. Münster 1963, p. 54.
5. ↑ StA Münster, Msc. II, 71, fol. 119 / Georg Landau : Contributions to the history of the castles and the lower nobility of Padberg. In: General Archive for the History of the Prussian State, Volume 17. Berlin 1835, pp. 84f.
6. ↑ Anton Fahne: Document Book Meschede, No. 109
7. ↑ Anton Fahne: Document Book Meschede, No. 110
8. ^ Bruns: Inventory Brilon A Urk. 152
9. ^ Grafe: The former Solstätte Brookhof , p. 32.
10. ↑ August Heldmann: About the headquarters of the Wolmeringhausen family. In: Journal for patriotic history and antiquity , Volume 46, Münster, 1888, pp. 96-106 (here 101)
11. ↑ ^{a b} Hömberg: Rittersitze IV, p. 7f.
12. ^ Anton Fahne: Meschede Document Book No. 620
13. ↑ The designation "Tinne" is only known in 1701 / Grafe, p. 23
14. ^ Anton Fahne: Bocholtz II, document no.641 / Hömberg: Rittersitze IV, p. 16.
15. ↑ Stephanie Reekers: The regional development of the districts and communities of Westphalia 1817-1967 . Aschendorff, Münster Westfalen 1977, ISBN 3-402-05875-8 , p. 208 .
16. ^ Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939-1945 . 1955, section Alme, pp. 59-61.
17. ^ Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939-1945 . 1955, honor roll section Alme, pp. 238–239.
18. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 332 .
19. ↑ Ursula Hesse: Jewish life in Alme Altenbüren Brilon Madfeld Messinghausen Rösenbeck Thülen from the beginning to the present. Ed. City of Brilon, 1991, p. 13.
20. ↑ Ursula Hesse: Jewish life in Alme Altenbüren Brilon Madfeld Messinghausen Rösenbeck Thülen from the beginning to the present. Ed. Stadt Brilon, 1991, pp. 14-28.
21. ↑ Ursula Hesse: Jewish life in Alme Altenbüren Brilon Madfeld Messinghausen Rösenbeck Thülen from the beginning to the present. Ed. Stadt Brilon, 1991, pp. 28-33.
22. ↑ Ursula Hesse: Jewish life in Alme Altenbüren Brilon Madfeld Messinghausen Rösenbeck Thülen from the beginning to the present. Ed. Stadt Brilon, 1991, pp. 34-37.
23. ↑ Ursula Hesse: Jewish life in Alme Altenbüren Brilon Madfeld Messinghausen Rösenbeck Thülen from the beginning to the present. Ed. City of Brilon, 1991, p. 37.
24. ↑ Ursula Hesse: Jewish life in Alme Altenbüren Brilon Madfeld Messinghausen Rösenbeck Thülen from the beginning to the present. Ed. Stadt Brilon, 1991, pp. 47-48.
25. ^ Eduard Belke, Alfred Bruns, Helmut Müller: Communal coats of arms of the Duchy of Westphalia. Arnsberg 1986, ISBN 3-87793-017-4 , p. 127.