Brilon forest

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Brilon forest
City of Brilon
Coordinates: 51 ° 20 ′ 38 "  N , 8 ° 34 ′ 26"  E
Height : 472 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 539  (Dec. 31, 2013)
Incorporated into: Brilon
Postal code : 59929
Area code : 02961
Alme Madfeld Radlinghausen Rösenbeck Messinghausen Thülen Nehden Hoppecke Bontkirchen Wülfte Brilon Brilon-Wald Gudenhagen-Petersborn Scharfenberg Rixen Altenbüren Esshoff Marsberg Diemelsee Willingen (Upland) Olsberg Rüthen Büren Bad Wünnenbergmap
About this picture
Location of the village of Brilon-Wald within the urban area of ​​Brilon
Brilon forest
Essigturm in the former industrial area
Brilon Wald train station

Brilon-Wald is the southernmost district of Brilon in the Hochsauerlandkreis in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia ( Germany ). It was created at the end of the 19th century under the influence of the construction of the Upper Ruhr Valley Railway from Hagen to Warburg . On December 31, 2013 there were 539 inhabitants.

Geographical location

Brilon Forest is stretched out between Brilon in the north and the Hessian Willingen in the south immediately north of the confluence of the Schmala in the Hoppecke , which flows through the village in a south-north direction . It is around 5.5 km from Brilon and is located between 440 and 500  m above sea level. NHN .

The village of Brilon-Wald extends on the lower eastern slope of the Ginsterkopf ( 663.3  m ) and southeast of the Habberg ( 653.3  m ) and the Juden ( 633.2  m ); The Rhine-Weser watershed runs over the three mountains . The Hammerkopf ( 543.9 m ) rises to the northeast, the Habuche  Cross ( 691.2  m ) to the east, the Hüttenkopf ( 689.9  m ) to the southeast and the Rehkopf ( 674.7  m ), part of the Schellhorn ridge (max .  761  m ) is.

history

1845 to World War II

Up until the middle of the 19th century, the Hoppecketal above Gut Gudenhagen was not populated up to the Hessian border. In 1845 a tannery owner from Brilon built a tan mill. From 1847 to 1850 the city of Brilon had the road from Brilon to Willingen built through the Hoppecketal . They levied a toll for using the road. The road from the Hoppecketal to Bruchhausen and Elleringhausen was completed in 1859.

The development of Brilon Forest is closely related to the construction of the railway. In 1866 the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft was granted the concession to build the Schwerte – Warburg line . Contrary to the efforts of the city of Brilon, the railway company decided against a route close to the city center. The tour through Olsberg and Elleringhausen with the apex tunnel between Hab- and Ginsterberg was chosen, as this resulted in a lower incline and lower construction costs: Thus, the 1393 m long Elleringhausen tunnel was built there from 1868 to 1872 . At the same time, the Brilon Wald train station and some residential buildings, which initially housed construction workers and horses, were built near its east-northeast portal in the Hoppecketal . On January 6, 1873, the railroad began freight traffic, and passenger traffic on February 10. The station in the Hoppecketal was initially named Brilon-Corbach .

The railway line to the city center was put into operation on July 1, 1900. Since Brilon now had its own train station, the station was renamed Brilon-Wald in 1901. This name was adopted for the district. In the years 1913 to 1919 the railway facilities were expanded, a new station building, a new goods shed and a locomotive shed were built. For this, the Hoppecke was relocated to the east. During this time, the Brilon-Wald-Willingen line went into operation on October 31, 1914, and has been accessible to Korbach since April 1917 .

As early as 1880, the Hüstener union built a factory south of the train station in which beech wood was used to produce charcoal , wood vinegar , wood tar and other chemical substances. Until after the First World War , the factory was constantly enlarged, at times almost 300 employees were employed there. The chemical factory , which in the meantime belonged to the company "HIAG" and then to Degussa , was about to close in 1932. Only the persistence of the then plant manager Theophil Reichert prevented this. In 1937 more buildings were added to this factory.

South of the chemical factory, the West German Timber Industry was established in 1905 , a factory for the manufacture of clothespins and broomsticks. In 1923 this company had 200 employees and production ran in two shifts. But already in 1925 the company went bankrupt, and the buildings were sold to the Caritas of the Diocese of Münster and the National Insurance Westphalia, which together here sanatoria for TBC einrichteten -kranke women. Because of the good occupancy rate, the clinic was expanded to include a large house, which was built on a mountain east of Brilon-Wald and today houses a clinic for the rehabilitation of addicts.

During the First World War, the beech forest in the area of ​​today's Kirchweg was cut down due to a lack of wood. In the 1920s, the first residential buildings away from Korbacher Strasse were built here, as well as a new school building (1924) and the Catholic Church (1925 to 1927). The two buildings were designed by the architect Franz Schneider from Düsseldorf-Oberkassel.

Brilon Forest in the time of National Socialism

In 1937, the city administration sold the “Old Forest House” and four hectares of surrounding land to Degussa, who wanted to build company residences here for the employees of the chemical factory. After the Second World War , Degussa sold the land to its employees for 50 Pf / m², and 22 single-family houses were built.

From November 1944, allied low-flying aircraft repeatedly shot at trains near Brilon-Wald. On February 16, 1945, two low-flying aircraft with on-board weapons fired at a locomotive in the station. The stoker was killed and the engine driver injured, while the locomotive was then unable to drive. On the same day, a train driver died in another low-flying attack in nearby Eschental, and on March 20, a train driver and a maid of the Reich Labor Service were killed and several people were wounded. Six locomotives were no longer operational after this attack. On March 28, the Degussa administration building was badly damaged by three direct bombs. An anti-aircraft train of the Wehrmacht in the station prevented targeted bombs being dropped on the railway systems by means of violent defensive fire.

On March 29th, at 4 p.m., the attacking leaders of the US Army reached the village with tanks on today's B 251 from Willingen. At the same time, US planes circled over the town. A German soldier opened fire on the US column from the signal box. Fire was immediately opened on the railway site and the trains there. German soldiers from military trains and Italians from a prison train fled to the forests to the east. Ammunition in hit wagons in ammunition trains exploded, so that nearby buildings were damaged and almost all windows in the village were shattered by the pressure waves. The march of US vehicles continued through the night and on March 30th, and that same day a tank truck was set on fire with a bazooka . In the brief skirmish that followed, three German and one US soldier were killed. One building also burned down and several were damaged. Now houses have been searched. On March 31, there was an attack by the Volkssturm from the Elleringhausen tunnel. Volkssturm men destroyed a US radio car with a bazooka. One US soldier fell and others were wounded. In the next few days, too, Germans tried to prevent the US troops from rolling through the Brilon Forest. On the night of April 2nd to 3rd, US artillery began to bombard the village from the direction of Brilon, as German troops had established themselves in the village. The Degussawerk alone received nine direct hits. During the bombardment and the fighting that followed, the villagers fled to the Hohenimberg sanctuary and the woods. After the village was recaptured, the transport of supplies through the valley started again on April 6th. Four fallen Germans had to be buried. On May 23, an ammunition wagon, which was still from the Wehrmacht, caught fire in a fire that had been ignited by the guards. This wagon exploded and a young person was so badly wounded by a shrapnel that she later died in the Brilon hospital. Former prisoners of war and forced laborers from Poland and the Soviet Union led to looting in the period after the conquest.

After the Second World War

The church of the former Carmelite Monastery of St. Josef

New plants were built in the chemical factory until 1986. Activated carbon has also been produced there since 1928 , most recently as the main product of the plant. On May 1, 1988 Degussa sold the plant in Brilon-Wald to another activated carbon manufacturer, the Calgon Carbon Corporation from Pittsburgh in the USA . This company founded the subsidiary “Chemviron Carbon GmbH” in Neu-Isenburg , which now also includes the Brilon-Wald plant. This company stopped producing charcoal in Brilon-Wald in 1992 after 112 years . In the middle of 1995 the production of activated carbon was stopped and the last 150 employees were laid off. The site of the closed chemical factory and a compensation sum of nine million DM passed into the possession of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which in return undertook to renovate the site. Except for the Essingturm, which remained as an industrial monument, and a small hall, the entire factory was demolished.

From 1983 to 2013 there was a branch of the Discalced Carmelites with the Carmel St. Joseph. This order represents the traditionalist Society of St. Pius X. close.

Logo of Brilon-Wald

On April 4, 1992, a separate logo in the form of a coat of arms for Brilon Forest was presented. The idea and design come from Renate Emde from Brilon-Wald. The logo consists of the elements "Forest" (top left), which can also be found in this form on the board uniforms of the Heimatschutzverein, " Hoppecke " (top right) and the Peterskey (bottom), which is also found on the coat of arms of the city center Brilon is located.

Local associations

  • Heimatschutzverein Brilon-Wald e. V. (founded 1924)
  • Brilon-Wald choir community (founded in 1948 as a male choir of the Heimatschutzverein)
  • Association for the promotion of the children and youth community in Brilon-Wald e. V. (founded 2000)
  • Village association Brilon-Wald aktiv e. V. (founded 2004)

Personalities

literature

  • Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939–1945 - reports from many employees from all over the district. Josefs-Druckerei, Bigge 1955.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population statistics December 31, 2013. (PDF) City of Brilon, accessed on January 18, 2014 (10.8 kB).
  2. ↑ a b c d Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( information )
  3. ^ Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939-1945 . 1955, section Brilon - district Brilon-Wald, pp. 45–47.
  4. ↑ Blog entry of the Carmel from November 4, 2013 ( Memento from February 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Report Sauerlandkurier ( Memento from September 15, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  6. ↑ Presentation on the pages of the Society ( Memento from June 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive )

Web links

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