Helmern (Bad Wünnenberg)

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Helmets
Coordinates: 51 ° 34 ′ 11 "  N , 8 ° 45 ′ 58"  E
Height : 350 m
Area : 12.49 km²
Residents : 895  (December 31, 2012)
Population density : 72 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 33181
Area code : 02957
map
Location of Helmern in Bad Wünnenberg

Helmern is a northeastern district of Bad Wünnenberg in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany and belongs to the Paderborn district . Before 1975 it formed its own municipality and belonged to the Atteln district in the old district of Büren . In 2012 the place had about 895 inhabitants.

geography

Panoramic view seen from the sports field.

In the north, the fields of the Paderborn plain run out. The mountains of the Hochsauerland begin in the south. In the northeast of the city of Bad Wünnenberg, Helmern belongs to the Sintfeld , part of the largest karst landscape in North Rhine-Westphalia.

Neighboring places

In the southwest, starting clockwise, it borders on Helmern Bad Wünnenberg , Haaren , Henglarn and Atteln , Husen , Dalheim , Elisenhof and Eilern .

history

Early history

Helmern was first mentioned in 1036 in a deed of donation from Bishop Meinwerk . The bishop donated the outwork, which was called Hilimari at the time, to the monastery. There is a documentary mention of the early 14th century.

The area around Wünnenberg was probably settled as early as the Mesolithic. Archaeological finds from different epochs were unearthed in excavations in Wünnenberg, Fürstenberg , Haaren and Leiberg . The settlements in Helmern and Westhelmern go back to the years around 1250 to 1350, with Westhelmern being the older and about 1,000 meters away from today's center. Other settlements during this period included Haaren, Tindelen and Altenbödekken . In the period from the late Middle Ages to the early modern consolidation (1380 to 1550), however, most of the settlements in this region fell desolate . Numerous feuds, epidemics and raids were responsible for this development, the population crowded into fortified places. About a third of the population in Helmern died as a result of the plague. It is documented that the place was no longer inhabited in 1430. Westhelmen remained a desert in the long run and there are records of residents of Osthelmen for 1548. The reason for the resettlement is assumed to be the presence of the blasting spring in the center of the village , a spring called Stehbusch Poul and some cisterns. This provided the place with water until 1924. The spelling was different over the centuries - the place names Hilimeri, Hilimari, Helmeren and Helmere have been handed down.

The place was threatened by fires again and again, with a large fire in 1838 an entire district with nine courtyards was destroyed. In 1849 40 residents died of so-called black nerve fever (probably typhus) and in 1872 around 400 people fell ill with dysentery .

Two residents of the village bought the first cars in the years before the start of the Second World War, which were also offered to others for a fee. The importance of bicycles increased significantly. From 1946 a wood gasifier bus served the Haaren Helmern Atteln Henglarn route via Tudorf to Salzkotten. The bus drove there in the morning and back in the evening and often carried up to 100 passengers instead of the permitted 50. The situation improved in 1949 after the regular service was taken over by the Deutsche Bundespost.

Supply situation in the 19th and 20th centuries

In the 19th century the supply situation for the population was difficult. Since mineral fertilizers were still unknown, the crop yields were insufficient. As a result of poor hygiene and inadequate medical care, child mortality was high. In addition to farming, the men looked for work on neighboring farms or hired themselves out as forest workers. The repeated crop failures led to supply bottlenecks and famine. In the years 1866 and 1869 the harvests were destroyed by severe storms, but only a few farmers were covered by the Cologne hail insurance. Despite the use of pesticides, mouse plagues occurred again and again, which led to the loss of the harvest. In June 1867 there was no longer any grain for bread-making in the area. The community leaders bought 300 bushels of rye from the military magazine in Münster for exorbitant prices. Many families have had to take out high-interest loans to buy this grain. The farms got into trouble. The financial and economic ruin became apparent. In 1878, five farms were foreclosed, and a number of properties had already been auctioned in the previous years. For 1879 it is reported that the mice destroyed two thirds of the harvest on the stalk .

revolt

The First World War ended with the surrender in 1918. Germany was no longer able to meet its reparation obligations, after which a general strike broke out throughout the occupied territory. Riots also broke out in Helmern. The general strike was ended here after a short time because the benefit was not recognized. The residents agreed not to pay the Rhine-Ruhr tax any more. The notices sent by the tax office, as well as the subsequent dunning notices, were not observed. A bailiff went door to door trying to collect the arrears in taxes. Partly this succeeded, partly the citizens were stubborn. There were seizures of cattle, furniture and equipment. An auction was set for February 21, 1924. There was a riot. Landjäger were deployed from outside, some of which were beaten. The villagers agreed not to submit a single bid and threatened potential bidders from abroad, including manslaughter. The auction could not take place because about four hundred people threatened and mocked the officials. In the subsequent turbulent court and appeal hearings, the long-term prison sentences that were initially imposed were revised and only three perpetrators were sentenced to fines.

Incorporation

On January 1, 1975, the former municipality of Helmern was merged with Wünnenberg, Bleireinigung , Elisenhof, Fürstenberg, Haaren and Leiberg to form the new city of Wünnenberg according to Section 29 of the Sauerland / Paderborn Act .

Population development

  • 1800: about 500 inhabitants
  • 1880: about 600 inhabitants
  • 1961: 744 inhabitants
  • 1970: 775 inhabitants
  • 1974: 809 inhabitants
  • 1985: 803 inhabitants
  • 2007: 942 inhabitants
  • 2012: 895 inhabitants

jobs

The craft businesses changed again and again. In earlier years there were more, but smaller businesses. Typical professions were wheelwright, shoemaker, carpenter, blacksmith, painter, miller, hairdresser, butcher and baker. Due to structural change, many of these professions were dropped and new ones were added such as electricians, car mechanics and agricultural machinery mechanics. Many handicrafts were paid for in kind rather than money. The first bakery opened in 1929, before the bread was baked either in the own oven or in the bakery. The connection to the power supply was a decisive step forward. Another line of business was the job of the traveling shepherd. They moved with the animals from the Sintfeld to the Lower Rhine and back again. At the time of the Thirty Years War there were two flocks of sheep in the village and in 1769 a third was added. For 1908 three herds are occupied with around 300 animals each. There was also a herd of goats, pigs and a flock of geese that were looked after in the forests in the area. The animals were marketed at sheep or cattle markets in Büren, Marsberg or Paderborn, unless they were used for personal consumption. The shorn wool of the sheep was another source of income. The animals were sheared by women and girls from the area around Duderstadt who hired themselves as hand shearers. One woman achieved a daily output of around 30 to 35 shears. After the introduction of the electric clippers, the work was done by men who managed up to 100 animals a day. The wool was mainly bought by Jews. The wool hall built in Paderborn in 1937 was destroyed in the Second World War. The flocks of sheep became smaller and smaller after 1949 and after the land consolidation in Helmen and the construction of the Kassel-Ruhr area motorway, traveling sheep was no longer practicable.

Water supply

Helmern was considered a dry village . When the first water pipes were built, the Stebusch-Poul and Ströllenken springs served as the main suppliers; they were supplemented by some field springs - on Tellen Wiese and in the Böhn - as well as the existing wells and cisterns. Periods of drought occurred again and again because the supply was insufficient. The worst years of drought were in 1893, 1901 and 1904. The springs and wells dried up and water for the population and animals had to be approached by car from Henglarn and Friedrichsgrund. In 1907, the villages of Helmern and Haaren planned to build a joint water pipe. Water should be pumped into the villages from the Altenau valley and the existing springs should be optimized. The contract for the construction was placed in the same year, the spring was drawn differently and the water flowed through a pipe to the extraction point at the chaplain. Water that was not used flowed on to the Spreng storage room and then to the extinguishing water pond ( Rate ), which the farmers also used as a storage basin for the mobile water supply for their cattle in the field meadows. A pump house and an elevated tank were built in 1924. The Haaren-Helmern waterworks was inaugurated in 1925. The water was pumped into the Haaren elevated reservoir and from there to the Helmern elevated reservoir, and from there it was fed into the local network. Since the pumps were operated with water power, the supply of the population was again not guaranteed. It was not until 1934 that an electric drive was used. There was renewed water shortage due to a shortage of energy in the Second World War in 1940 and 1941. During the cold winter of 1940/1941, the lines of the local network froze and no house was supplied with water. In the spring, the supply collapsed due to the many burst pipes. Two thirds of the ailing local network was renewed in 1971; this reduced the water loss and made the supply more secure. The situation stabilized with the construction of the Aabach dam and a much larger water reservoir.

church

St. Appolonia Church
Sturmius-Linde

The parish church of St. Apollonia in Helmern dates back to 1669. It was dilapidated, rebuilt in 1748 and finally rebuilt in 1886. The parish belonged to the parish in Haaren until 1384 and from 1384 to 1920 to the parish of Atteln, which was quite remote. The way for the churchgoers was long and difficult, especially in winter.

school

A farmhand worked as a teacher around 1800, and lessons were held in the mayor's apartment. In 1813 he was replaced by a teacher. For 1825 there are 175 students. A former inn and distillery was bought by the community in 1826, converted into a school and furnished. The building later fell into disrepair. The master builder Hammaker from Büren created construction plans for a new building. The financing was secured with a collection in the administrative district of Minden. The inauguration of the new school took place in autumn 1879. At the same time, a new teaching position was created. The three-class school system was taught by two teachers. In 1882 110 children attended school. Since 1887 the boys and girls of the upper classes were taught separately, this measure was abolished again in 1912 because the boys were in the majority. The school building was renovated and expanded in 1928. In 1961 a break hall and a new toilet facility were built. The school closed in 1971.

Sturmius linden tree

also "Big Linden Tree", or "Old Linden Tree"

The old linden tree is the coat of arms tree of the place and is shown in the village coat of arms. It stands south of the village center, on Sintfeldhöhenstrasse, in front of a single farm. In front of the tree is a wayside shrine with a statue of St. Sturmius to whom the linden tree owes its name. The summer linden tree, which is protected as a natural monument , was, according to the description in the preceding showcase, planted in 1487 and would therefore be around 530 years old. It has a trunk circumference of just over 6 m and a height of 18 m.

societies

literature

  • Home book of the city of Wünnenberg. Published by the city of Wünnenberg, 1987.
  • Chronicle of the municipality of Helmern (1813–1984). Helmern, 1986.
  • Jost Wedekin Heimatbuch der Stadt Wünnenberg, published by Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, total production Paderborn printing center
  • Dr. Konstantin Trachos and Hubert Dahl The house numbers in Helmern Ed. Eigenverlag, 2016, print: Bonifatius GmbH Paderborn, ISBN 978-3-00-053384-6
  • Johannes Kolsch Helmern until 2015 Ed. Heimat- und Verkehrsverein Helmern eV, 2015, ISBN 978-3-00-048477-3

Web links

Commons : Helmern (Bad Wünnenberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jost Wedekin Heimatbuch der Stadt Wünnenberg, published by Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, complete production Paderborn printing center, page 247
  2. ^ Jost Wedekin Heimatbuch der Stadt Wünnenberg, published by Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, total production Paderborn printing center, pages 247 and 248
  3. ^ Jost Wedekin Heimatbuch der Stadt Wünnenberg, published by Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, total production Paderborn printing center, pages 254 to 255
  4. ^ Jost Wedekin Heimatbuch der Stadt Wünnenberg, published by Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, total production Paderborn printing center, pages 262
  5. ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 321 .
  6. ^ Jost Wedekin Heimatbuch der Stadt Wünnenberg, published by Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, total production Paderborn printing center, page 254
  7. ↑ Martin Bünermann, Heinz Köstering: The communities and districts after the municipal territorial reform in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1975, ISBN 3-555-30092-X , p. 123 .
  8. ^ Jost Wedekin Heimatbuch der Stadt Wünnenberg, published by Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, total production Paderborn printing center, page 256
  9. ^ Jost Wedekin Heimatbuch der Stadt Wünnenberg, published by Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, total production Paderborn printing center, page 256
  10. ↑ Jost Wedekin Heimatbuch der Stadt Wünnenberg, published by Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, total production Paderborn printing center, pages 252
  11. ^ Jost Wedekin Heimatbuch der Stadt Wünnenberg, published by Stadt Wünnenberg, 1987, total production Paderborn printing center, pages 251 to 253
  12. ↑ "Sturmius-Linde in Helmern" in the tree register at www.baumkunde.de
  13. ^ “Natural monuments in the Paderborn district” in the Paderborn district's geoportal
  14. ↑ page of the shooting club
  15. ^ Pages of the Tambourcorps
  16. ↑ Pages of the VfJ
  17. ↑ Pages of the volunteer fire brigade Helmern