Daitoku-ji

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The gate for the imperial messenger
The main gate of the temple
Daitoku-ji with main and secondary temples
Right part of the northern rock garden with treasure boat and the window
Left part of the rock garden with the Hōrai mountain peak
Cross garden in Zuihō-in

The Daitoku-ji ( Japanese 大 徳 寺 , also 龍 寶山 , Ryūhōzan ) is a Buddhist temple complex in the Kita district of the Japanese city ​​of Kyoto and one of the main temples of the Rinzai-shū .

Daitoku-ji is widely famous for its many historically significant and ornate structures, several of which are registered important cultural assets of Japan or national treasures of Japan .

history

The temple was from 1315 to 1325 by Shūhō Myōchō ( 宗 峰 妙 超 ; also Daitō Kokushi ( 大燈 國 師 , 1282-1337)), student of the Zen master Nampo Jōmin ( 南浦 紹明 , 1235-1308), under the auspices the Hanazono - and Go-Daigo - tennō established.

From 1333 to 1341 he belonged to the Gozan for a short time . Later, under the rule of Ashikaga - Shoguns , he was one of the most important Rinka Temple.

One of the most famous personalities at the temple was the monk Ikkyū Sōjun (1394-1481), who led a lifelong, bitter dispute with the later head, Yōsō Sōi ( 養 叟 宗 頤 , 1379-1458), about the correct Buddhist practice and in the In the last few years of his life he rebuilt the temple buildings that were burned down in the Ōnin war with financial help from traders from the port city of Sakai .

In the Sengoku period and the subsequent Azuchi-Momoyama period , the Daitoku-ji advanced to become a cultural center of the country. The warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598) had the grave of his predecessor, Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582), relocated to the grounds of the temple and gave him land. Important tea masters such as Sen no Rikyū (1522–1591) and Kobori Masakazu , and Kobori Enshū also worked at the temple during this time.

Under the rule of the Tokugawa Shoguns, the temple again lost some of its privileges.

Western practitioners were also admitted to the temple in the 20th century. Ruth Fuller Sasaki and Irmgard Schlögl , who received their training there, became important pioneers of Zen in America and Europe. Janwillem van de Wetering spent a year and a half here as a student from the summer of 1958.

The attachment

The facility (see plan) with an area of ​​550 × 450 m is open to the public, e.g. B. through the main and south gate, (6) and (7). The main and the secondary temples themselves are not open to visitors, with a few exceptions (see below).

  • The main temple (1) on the eastern edge consists of a main building (f), which consists of the abbot's quarters (Hōjō; national treasure) and refectory (Kuri) and other buildings that adjoin to the south:
    • (a) The Gate for the Imperial Messenger ( Chokushimon ),
    • (b) The main gate ( Sammon , here Kinmōkaku ( 金毛 閣 ) called), was built in 1529 by Shūchō (1448–1532) and others in one storey, then raised by Rikyū to Nijūmon.
    • (c) The Buddha Hall ( Butsuden ),
    • (d) The teaching hall ( Hattō ) was donated by the lord of Odawara, Inaba Masakatsu .
    • (e) Karamon style gate (national treasure).
    • The remaining buildings of the Zen Garan are also located on the site (brown rectangle): bell tower, sutra store and bath.

The following secondary temples can be visited:

  • (2) Daisen-in ( 大仙 院 ) The best-known side temple was created in 1509 by Kogaku Sōkō ( 古 岳 宗 亘 ). The main hall ( Hondō ), with entrance (Genkan; national treasure ) contains paintings that are attributed to Kanō Yukinobu , Kanō Motonobu and Sōami . The main hall is bordered on the north and south sides by gardens in the Kare-san-sui style. The gravel garden in the south is adorned with two gravel cones, the garden on the north side is separated into two parts by a bell-shaped window ( Katō-mado ). On the simpler part, a treasure boat ( Takarabune ) floats on the gravel bed , the other part is adorned by a stone formation in the corner, with the mountain Hōrai in the middle, from which a “dry waterfall” pours, its “water” under one Stone bridge continues flowing.
  • (3) Kōtō-in ( 高 桐 院 ). The side temple was donated in 1601 by Hosokawa Tadaoki ( 細 川 忠 興 , 1563-1645). Hosokawa, who devoted himself to Zen in later life, was one of the seven master disciples of Sen no Rikyū . The Shōkōken ( 松 向 軒 ) tea house , which Hosokawa built, belongs to the temple .
  • (4) Zuihō-in ( 瑞峰 院 ). It is said that this side temple was founded by Ōtomo Sōrin (( 大 友 宗麟 , 1530–1589), son of a powerful prince in Kyūshū. However, Sōrin converted to Christianity at the age of 48. He sent the first Japanese mission to Rome, their He did not live to return, however. The temple is surrounded by a number of gardens, including:
    • Dokuza-tei ( 独坐 庭 ), in front of the abbot's quarters ( Hōjō )
    • Kammin-tei ( 閑 眠 庭 ) or “Kreuzgarten” ( 十字架 の 庭 , Jūjika no niwa ), behind the abbot's quarters
    • Cha-tei ( 茶庭 )
  • (5) Ryōgen-in ( 龍源 院 ). The front gate ( omotemon ) and the main hall ( hondō ), in which a wooden sculpture of the Shaka Nyorai from the Kamakura period is venerated, are the oldest buildings of today's Daitoku-ji.

For example, not generally accessible:

  • the Kohō-an ( 孤 篷 庵 ). This hermitage, built by Kobori Enshū in 1612, was initially in the Ryūkō-in, but was then converted by him into a Daitoku-ji, with the tea room "Bōsen" ( 忘 筌 ). Enshū spent the rest of his life there. The hermitage was lost in a fire in 1793, but was rebuilt in the old style by Matsudaira Harusato (1751-1818). It houses one of the most famous tea bowls in Japan, the Korean Ido bowl "Kizaemon" from the early Yi dynasty (15th century).

Remarks

  1. ↑ The paintings are listed as an important cultural asset . The originals are in the Kyoto National Museum .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Janwillem van de Wetering (6th edition, 2011): Pure emptiness: Experiences of a disrespectful Zen student. German by Klaus Schomburg. Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek near Hamburg. ISBN 978-3-499-22901-5 , page 41
  2. ↑ Janwillem van de Wetering (30th edition, 2014): The empty mirror: Experiences in a Japanese Zen monastery. German by Herbert Graf. Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek near Hamburg. ISBN 978-3-499-14708-1

literature

  • Leaflets of the mentioned secondary temples
  • Brochure by Daisen-in, 48 p.
  • S. Yamamoto: Kyoto-fu rekishi sampo (chu) . Yamakawa, 1998. ISBN 4-634-29560-1 . P. 56 ff

Web links

Commons : Daitoku-ji  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 35 ° 2 ′ 38 "  N , 135 ° 44 ′ 46"  E