Schleidener Customs

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The Schleidener Zoll was a group of river tariffs and road tariffs of the " Brabantschen Landzolls" on the lower Meuse between Maastricht and Venlo , with which the Lords of Valkenburg , Hoorn and Loon-Heinsberg , the Counts of Blankenheim-Schleiden , Manderscheid-Schleiden , Neuenahr successively -Bedburg and Moers , the Barons of Mirlaer-Milendonk and their heirs by the dukes of Limburg and their successors invested were.

history

Customs levied on the Meuse ( theloneum ) is already mentioned in a document from Emperor Ludwig the Pious (778-840), who in 814 exempted the Stablo-Malmedy monastery from all taxes for its ships on the Rhine and Meuse. In a document dated 1118 by Liège Bishop Otbert († 1119) for Abbot Herimann of St. Panthaleon in Cologne , customs revenue in Wessem ( Wesheim ) from shipping traffic on the Maas is mentioned, which the monastery of Cologne Archbishop Bruno of Saxony ( † 965) were left behind. Bruno was also the last Duke of Lorraine from the house of the Liudolfingers .

Duke Walram V of Limburg († 1279) owned according to documents from 1253 and 1275 "since ancient times" ( from antiquo ) through an imperial concession, d. H. as imperial fiefdom , the right of escort and protection for river trade between the Rhine and Maas ( conductus et tuitio inter Renum et Mosam ). In 1256 he granted the Teutonic Order exemption from customs duties at all customs offices for six truckloads of wine. His daughter Irmgard von Limburg († 1283) married Reinald I “the arguable” von Geldern († 1326) in 1270 . After the Limburg succession dispute, Limburg came to the Duchy of Brabant in 1289/92 .

Schleiden Customs (Limburg)

Roermond
Roermond
Venlo
Venlo
Maastricht
Maastricht
Uikhoven
Uikhoven
Seas
Seas
Stokkem
Stokkem
Kathagen
Kathagen
Heppeneert
Heppeneert
pole
pole
Ool
Ool
Buggenum
Buggenum
boiler
boiler
“Schleidener Zoll” on the Meuse in the 14th to 17th centuries

In the 13th century, under this legal title of the right of escort, six Limburg customs duties were established on the lower Meuse near Maastricht and two Geldrian customs offices in Roermond and Kessel . Most of the tariffs were levied on coal , timber and lime transports. Over the centuries, changes in the course of the river made it necessary to relocate the customs offices. The later so-called “Schleidener Zoll” included the Maas customs offices, all but one on the left bank of the river

as well as the customs offices

  • Meerssen near Maastricht, toll on the Maastrichterweg on the bridge over the Kleine Geul , station on the Karrestraat via Ransdaal and Ubachsberg to Jülich ,
  • Kathagen over the bridge ("tzo Kathag-over-brug" or "boven de brug") in Nuth -Vaesrade; Road toll for the use of the stone bridge over the Geleenbeek on the funnel path from Geilenkirchen to Maastricht ( Tricht ) or on the Heereweg via Schinveld and Gangelt to Nijmegen .

The road toll to Meerssen, the bridge to Kathagen and the Maas toll to Geulle aan de Maas and Uikhoven were originally the property of Valkenburg (Fauquemont) in the Duchy of Limburg . The customs posts Stokkem, Heppeneert, Pol and Buggenum were on the territory of the Lordship of Hoorn , which was a fiefdom of the County of Loon in the Diocese of Liège. Ool was in the rule of Heinsberg - Dalenbroek , which later fell to the Duchy of Jülich-Berg . The customs of Kessel (Kastellburg Keverberg) was initially owned by the County of Kessel . In 1279, Count Reinald I von Geldern acquired the castle and Maaszoll Kessel from Count Heinrich V von Kessel and Grevenbroich for the Duchy of Geldern .

Water tariffs on the right bank of the Meuse - except in Ool - or in the city of Maastricht were not part of the "Schleidener Zoll".

Lords of Valkenburg

Walram the Rossige (Red) of Valkenburg , Montjoie and Sittard (1254–1302) bought the rights in Geulle and Uikhoven from the imperial abbey Kornelimünster before 1298 . He was married to Philippa von Geldern († 1294), a sister of Rainald I von Geldern. In 1334 his grandson Dirk IV of Valkenburg-Montjoie († 1346), who died childless, was given by Duke Johann III. Brabant enfeoffed 50 pounds on the Maastricht customs.

Lords of Hoorn

In 1359/60 the lord of Kranenburg, Parwys ( Perwez-le-Marché ), Duffel and Herlaer, Dietrich (Thierry, Dirk, Theodoricus) van Hoorn (* around 1320; † 1378), as owner of the customs ( teloneum ) in Wessem , Buggenum ( Buggenheym ), Ool ( Ole ) and Kessel mentioned.

Lords of Loon-Heinsberg

Part of the inheritance came through Walram's son Johann I von Valkenburg († 1356) and his daughter Philippa von Heinsberg and Valkenburg († 1388), married to Johann II von Salm-Obersalm († around 1400), Count of Chiny their son Count Simon II of Salm-Obersalm († 1397), the Lord of Sittard, Born, Ravenstein and Süsteren. In 1396 Count Simon II von Salm left his uncle Johann II von Loon († 1438), Herr von Heinsberg and Löwenberg, his share of the revenue from the customs duties of Heppeneert, Linne , Pol and Buggenum.

In the Battle of Kleverhamm , Johann II von Loon-Heinsberg was taken prisoner in 1397 as an ally of the loser Wilhelm II von Berg (1348–1408). He had to pay a huge ransom that could only be raised through extensive pledging. When the inheritance was divided in 1424 after the childless death of his relative Rainald von Jülich-Geldern († 1423), Johann II's younger son Wilhelm I von Loon-Heinsberg († 1438) received customs on the Maas. The property of the customs should have been pledged at this time.

Lords of Blankenheim-Schleiden

At the end of the 14th century, the customs duties came into the possession of the Lords of Blankenheim-Schleiden as a deposit. Johann I von Schleiden († 1379/81) had a prominent position as "Lantfoyt" (governor; Obermann and court chairman) of the Maas-Rhine peace alliance from 1351/52 with the Roman-German King Charles IV , Duke of Luxembourg (1316 –1378) and the participating regional sovereigns ( Archbishopric Cologne , Archbishopric Trier , Archbishopric Mainz , Palatinate , Duchy of Brabant , Margraviate Jülich , Counties Loon-Heinsberg , Berg , imperial cities of Cologne and Aachen ). Heppeneert on the Maas was on the western border of the alliance area.

Konrad IV von Blankenheim-Schleiden (* around 1361; † 1419/20), son of Johann I von Schleiden, was married to Irmgard van Hoorn (* around 1355 or 1367; † 1394), a daughter of Dietrich van , before 1381 Hoorn to Kranenberg and Parwys. During the marriage discussion between her daughter Katharina von Blankenheim-Schleiden († around 1441) and Johann IV. Von Saffenberg († 1398/1400), Count von Neuenahr, Conrad IV. Von Blankenheim-Schleiden prescribed 100 guilders on his duty on the 1397, which could be replaced by the Maas ( Masen ) for a portion of 1000 guilders of the dowry. His son Johann II von Blankenheim-Schleiden († 1434) inherited him. His daughter Elisabeth von Blankenheim-Schleiden († 1469) - widow of Wilhelm I von Loon-Heinsberg - married Dietrich III for the second time in 1443. von Manderscheid (* around 1420; † 1498), Lord of Jünkerath, from 1457 imperial count.

Counts of Manderscheid-Schleiden

1455 sold Dietrich III. von Manderscheid and Daun, Herr zu Schleiden and zu Neuenstein, and his wife Elisabeth for 1500 Upper Rhenish Gulden an annual pension of 90 good heavy Upper Rhenish Gulden from their customs to Meerssen ( Mersen ), "where tzo Kathag goes over the bridge", and from their pledged goods to Uikhoven ( Udekoven ), Stokkem ( Stocheym ), Heppenart, Polle, Ool ( Velle ), Buggenum ( Bugenheym ) and Kessel with all accessories located above the Maas ( up der Maessen ) to Franck Pollart. Since they only had customs duties as a deposit, they reserved the right to redeem the loan. In 1459 a marriage agreement was made between Konrad (Kuno) I. von Manderscheid-Schleiden (1444–1489) and Walburga van Hoorn (* around 1443; † 1476).

In 1469, Maria von Croÿ (Croye) († 1489), wife of Jülich and Countess zu Blankenheim, the widow of Wilhelm II. Von Loën († 1468), Lord zu Jülich and Count zu Blankenheim, from Count Dietrich III. and his son Konrad I. von Manderscheid and Blankenheim the customs " van der Sleyden uff der Masen " as a pledge for the payment of their marriage property.

Countess Walburga von Manderscheid-Schleiden (* 1468; † 1530/35) married Count Wilhelm I von Neuenahr (around 1447; † May 12, 1497) in 1484 . In the marriage speech, 200 guilders per year were promised on customs on the Maas ( Maisen ) between Maastricht ( Tricht ) and Venlo, known as the "Customs of Schleiden". Konrad I von Manderscheid, the bride's father, had leased customs to Wilhelm IV von Flodorp at that time. Archduke Maximilian I of Austria and his son Duke Philipp von Brabant prescribed the couple 1200 guilders from customs duties on the Meuse , with which the Drost von Valkenburg aan de Geul , Edmund von Palant († 1534), on their behalf otherwise altogether Konrad I . enfeoffed by Manderscheid.

In 1486 King Maximilian I instructed his rent master in Maastricht not to interfere with the Count of Manderscheid in exercising his rights to the Maas tariffs. During the division of the estate during the lifetime of his father Dietrich III. Konrad I. von Manderscheid-Schleiden was awarded the customs on the Maas ( Maessen ), "called the customs of Schleiden", in 1488 .

In 1499, Walburga von Manderscheid-Schleiden concluded an inheritance and arbitration agreement for her children on the grandfather's and parental goods inherited from her. For 4,000 guilders she pledged an annual pension of 200 guilders from her share of the tariffs on the Meuse. In 1500 it was enfeoffed by Archduke Philip of Austria with the entire customs on the Meuse instead of Kuno II of Manderscheid († 1501), who carried out the fief .

The "Schleidener Zoll" was part of the Wittum of the Walburga von Manderscheid, who in 1502 married Frederik van Egmond, Count of Büren and Leerdam (1440–1521), Lord of IJsselstein , as a widow in second marriage . This right of usufruct was confirmed in 1505 in a comparison with the guardians of their sons Wilhelm II and Hermann von Neuenahr from their first marriage. In 1509 she granted Michiel Hendricksz rights from the Maaszoll between Maastricht and Venlo. Haenegreeff († 1524) from Eindhoven on the occasion of his wedding to her niece Johanna van Hoorn († 1558).

Sub-lease to the Lords of Vlodrop

In 1480 Wilhelm IV. Van Vlodrop (* around 1467; † 1546), Herr von Leuth, Grevenbicht , Rijckholt , Daelenbroeck and Reckheim , hereditary bailiff of Roermond, leased the customs duties at Uyckhoven from Konrad I von Manderscheid-Schleiden for 350 Upperland Rhenish guilders a year , Meersen, Katthagen boven de brug, Stokkem ( Stockheim ), Heppeneert ( Heppenaerd ), Poll, Oil, Buggenum ( Buckenem ), Kessel and Urmond . When an inheritance was divided in 1545, Wilhelm (V) van Vlodrop received the duties on Kessel, Asselt, Roermond, Ool, Leeuwen and Heppeneert.

Counts of Neuenahr-Bedburg and Moers

In 1535, Emperor Charles V enfeoffed Wilhelm II von Neuenahr (* 1485/87; † 1552), son of Walburga von Manderscheid, as a Brabant fief with all customs duties on the Meuse . Thereupon in 1537 the bishop of Liège, Erhard von der Mark (1472–1538, reigned 1505), granted him the Maaszoll, which he had taken for a while. Hermann von Neuenahr and Moers was enfeoffed by Charles V in 1554 with the tariffs on the Limburg Maas between Maastricht and Venlo, which his Manderscheid-Schleiden and Neuenahr ancestors had already owned as the so-called "Schleidener Zoll". Hermann leased the Maas tariffs in 1560 to his sister Anna Walburga von Neuenahr (1522–1600), who inherited him.

In the middle of the 16th century, the Manderscheid claims to the castle and rule of Rekem on the Maas.

Barons of Mirlaer-Milendonk

In her will of 1594, Anna Walburga von Neuenahr left her 2nd degree nephew Herman Dietrich van Mielendonck " onsen tol aen de Mase named the Brabantsen lanttol " and another nephew, Count Georg Eberhard zu Solms-Lich (1568-1602), and his Countess Sabine d'Egmont (1562–1614) also the Brabant country customs. The Essen prince abbess Elisabeth von Bergh-s'Heerenberg (1581–1614) - daughter of a brother-in-law of Hermann von Neuenahr - and her successor Maria Clara von Spaur, Pflaum and Valör († 1644) litigated in front of the fiefdom of Spanish money for the Neuenahrer Customs on the Meuse.

In 1612 Hermann Dieter († 1620), Kraft († 1632) and Balthasar († 1629) von Mylendunck were the heirs of Walburga von Neuenahr at the Brabant fiefdom of Albrecht VII of Habsburg and Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain with the " customs on our rivier the Masen to Adickhoven, Meersen, to Kathingen over the bridge, to Stockem, to Heppenart, to Foel, to Oeil, to Buggenem, to Kessel and in those areas .

The rule of Milendonk fell in 1648 to the dukes of Croÿ , in 1699 by purchase to the Counts of Berlepsch , in 1732 by marriage to the Counts of Ostein and in 1801 to France .

Inches to kettle

The Geldrische Zoll in Kessel since 1279 brought in a pension of 25 Cologne marks . In 1359/60 the Lord of Parwys, Dietrich van Hoorn, owned an inch in Kessel. At the request of the city of Roermond, the two Asselter customs duties on the right of the Meuse, " omme der kouplude (merchants) gemaecks wille ende (and) om der stat profijts wille ", were moved to Kessel in 1416 . In 1428 Vullinck van Holtmolen and his wife Gudele Herckenbosch sold half a share of Zoll zu Kessel to the city of Roermond for 450 Oberland guilders; the other half belonged to Willem van Kessel. In the 15th century and later, the Zoll zu Kessel was at least partially owned by the Counts of Manderscheid-Schleiden and their heirs, who had leased their share to the Lords of Vlodrop. In 1476 Mathijs van Broekhuisen, Herr von Kessel, brought customs to Kessel into the marriage with Margaretha von Hemberg. In 1544 half of the Kessel customs belonged to Jasper van Merwijck († 1555).

Peace of Utrecht

Schleiden Customs (Limburg)

Roermond
Roermond
Venlo
Venlo
Maastricht
Maastricht
Primeval moon
Primeval moon
Maaseik
Maaseik
Louse
Louse
Stevensweert
Stevensweert
boiler
boiler
boiler
boiler
Maas tariffs between Maastricht and Venlo around 1784

After the War of the Spanish Succession , Prussia received part of the upper quarter of Geldern on the left bank of the Meuse between Kessel and Afferden with the county of Kessel in the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 as a replacement for the claim to the principality of Orange , the right bank of the Meuse near Maastricht with the county of Valkenburg became the States General which they had already claimed in the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678. Prussia built in boiler a monetary skills customs Comtoir .

At the end of the 18th century the following customs offices were located on the section of the lower Meuse on which the old "Schleidener Zoll" was located:

  • Kurpfälzischer Zoll zu Urmond, originally part of the Born office of the Duchy of Jülich,
  • Liège Customs Comtoir at Maaseik,
  • Princely Orange (Dutch) customs to Stevensweert ,
  • Austrian Maas-Licent-Comtoir in Roermond,
  • Customs of the Marquis von Hoensbroek zu Asselt , arose from the former Oesterse tol near Hillenraad of the van Oest family, later Schenk van Nideggen and the Asselter tol am Asselterhof (former royal court ), which was leased to the von Vlodrop family; there is still the Tolhuisweg in Swalmen today ,
  • Prussian-Geldrisches Maas-Comtoir to Kessel,
  • Customs of the Baron von Merwyck to Kessel.

swell

  • Stukken inzake verpanding van de tol op de Maas bij Maastricht door de hertogen van Brabant , 1341–1453, 1362, 1368, 1422–1453; Nationaal Archief Den Haag (1.01.42.01 - Div.Nos; see 3.22.01.01 - 390)
  • Stuk concerning de tol op de Maas , 17th century; Rijksarchief Hasselt (Stokkem, BE-A0515.2075 - 54 / BIS)
  • Stukken-related de tol te boiler, moeilijkheden en processen daarover (oa met Nijmegen) enz. , 1348-1780; Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg (Huis Kessel (family van Merwijk en de Keverberg), 16.1111 - 323)
  • Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977 ( PDF , 6.19 MB, of the Landschaftsverband Rheinland)
  • Christian Renger (edit.): Inventory of the ducal Arenberg archive in Edingen / Enghien (Belgium) , Vol. II. (Publications of the Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 75). Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz, Koblenz 1997
  • Irmtraut Eder-Stein, Rüdiger Lenz, Volker Rödel (editing): Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg archive, Grafschaft Virneburg. , Bd. I Inventory of the holdings F US 6 in the Wertheim State Archives Document registers 1222-1791 . (Publications of the State Archives Administration Baden-Württemberg 51.1). W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2000
  • Martina Heine, Rüdiger Lenz (edit.): Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg archive, Grafschaft Virneburg. , Vol. II Inventory of holdings F 103 in the Wertheim State Archives. Files and bills 1192-1819 (1832) . (Publications of the State Archives Administration Baden-Württemberg 51.2). W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2000

literature

  • Friedrich Pfeiffer: Rhenish transit tariffs in the Middle Ages . Adademie-Verlag Berlin 1997
  • Friedrich Pfeiffer (arrangement): Transitzölle 1000–1500 (Historical Atlas of the Rhineland. Supplement VII / 10. Publications of the Society for Rhenish History XII. Section 1b, serial number 7). Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 2000 ( PDF ; 8.31 MB)

Remarks

  1. ↑ In 1409 she married Rorich III for the second time. von Rennenberg († around 1469).
  2. ↑ Franck or Frans Pollart from Roermond was 1471–1481 Drost von Dalenbroeck, 1481 mayor of Maaseik and son-in-law of Vullinck van Holtmolen, who owned half of the Kesseler Zolls.
  3. ↑ In 1472 she married Count Georg von Virneburg († 1490) for the second time .
  4. ↑ Edmund (Emont) von Palant, ducal counselor of Wilhelm von Jülich-Berg (1455–1511) and bailiff of Nideggen and Zülpich since 1474 , acted as guardian ( Momber ) of Johann von Palant (* before 1481; † around 1514/15 ).
  5. ^ About him: Augustinus Janssen: Willem van Vlodrop, pandheer van Grevenbicht, en het ontluikende protestantisme . In: Historisch Jaarboek voor het Land van Zwentibold 30 (2009), pp. 67–75; Grave slab from the old St. Laurentius Church in Odenkirchen now in the archway of the castle tower.
  6. ↑ At Maasniel , was in the dominion of Heinsberg-Dalenbroek.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Cf. Friedrich Pfeiffer: Rheinische Transitzölle in the Middle Ages . Adademie-Verlag Berlin 1997, pp. 20, 26, 34, 67f and 658. Already Childerich III. († around 755) had exempted the monastery from customs in Dinant and Huy on the middle Meuse; see. Ibid. , Pp. 20 and 67. Maastricht river customs are mentioned in documents in 779, 908 and 987/88; see. Marc Suttor: Les ports de la Meuse moyenne (Mézières, Dinant, Namur, Huy, Liège et Maastricht) des origines à la fin du XVIe siècle: topographie, fonctions, infrastructures . In: Ports maritimes et ports fluviaux au Moyen Age (Actes des congrès de la Société des historiens médiévistes de l'enseignement supérieur public 35). Publications de la Sorbonne, Paris 2005, pp. 149–169, esp. Pp. 158 and 163 ( digitized from the University of Lyon).
  2. ↑ See Stanislas Bormans (Ed.): Recueil des ordonnances de la principauté de Liège , Vol. I 974–1506 . F. Gobbaerts, Brussels 1878, p. 16 ( Google Books ; limited preview); Stanislas Bormans, Émile Schoolmeesters (ed.): Cartulaire de l'église Saint-Lambert de Liége , vol. IF Hayez, Brussels 1893, no. 34 (“ curtem… cum omnibus appenditiis, theloneo, moneta, piseatione, portu - the farm ... with all associated rights, customs, the mint, fishing rights, the port ”).
  3. ↑ Cf. Gerard Venner: The county of Geldern before and after Worringen . In: Blätter für deutsche Landesgeschichte 124 (1988), pp. 267–288, especially p. 278; Deeds from August 22nd and December 15th, 1275. In. Christian Quix: History of the City of Aachen , Vol. I. Appendix Codex Diplomaticus Aquensis , Vol. I / 1. J. Hensen, Aachen 1839/40, No. 219, pp. 146-148, and No. 220, p. 149 ( Google-Gooks ).
  4. ↑ Cf. Klaus van Eickels: The Deutschordensballei Koblenz and their economic development in the late Middle Ages . (Sources and studies on the history of the Teutonic Order 52). Elwert, Marburg 1995, p. 158.
  5. ^ Cf. Friedrich Pfeiffer: Rheinische Transitzölle in the Middle Ages . Adademie-Verlag Berlin 1997, pp. 10f, 59 u. a.
  6. ↑ See Horst Kranz: Energy for the lower lands. Coal trade on the Meuse in the 14th century . In: Horst Kranz, Ludwig Falkenstein (ed.): Inquirens subtilia diversa. Festschrift Dietrich Lohrmann . Aachen 2002, pp. 359-373 ( PDF ; 1.09 MB).
  7. ↑ a b c Cf. Loe Giesen: Van Biesweerd tot Boeshei - Toponiemen in Swalmen en Asselt , letter T; ( Online ; accessed January 17, 2016).
  8. ↑ a b c d Cf. Egidius Slanghen: Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis van het tegenwoordige hertogdom Limburg . A. van den Hoeven / JK Alberts, Amsterdam / Sittard 1865, p. 10f ( Google Books ).
  9. ↑ Cf. Karl von Veith: Caesar's battle against the Usipeters and Tencterer in 55 BC. Chr. In: Monthly Journal for the History of West Germany . 6 (1880), pp 1-23, esp p 9 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  10. ↑ The village of Uikhoven was in the area of ​​the County of Reckheim .
  11. ^ Cf. Friedrich Pfeiffer: Rheinische Transitzölle in the Middle Ages . Adademie-Verlag Berlin 1997, p. 313.
  12. ↑ Cf. Norbert Kühn: The Reichsabtei Kornelimünster in the Middle Ages. Historical development, constitution, convention, property . (Publications of the Aachen City Archives 3). Mayer, Aachen 1982, p. 93.
  13. ↑ Cf. Marc Habets: Dirk IV heer van Valkenburg-Montjoie (1333-1346) . Stichting Vestingstad Valkenburg, Valkenburg 2004.
  14. ^ A b See Algemeen Rijksarchief Brussels (Tolrekeningen 2437 Rekening (Brab.) Domeinen Maastricht); Gemeentearchief Roermond Regesten, No. 304.
  15. ^ Regest of March 19, 1396; see. Christoph Jacob Kremer: Academic contributions to Gülch and Bergische history , Vol. I. Academic writings, Mannheim 1769, p. 45f ( Google Books ); Joseph Habets: Aanteekeningen op het Vrijdorp Heel en de Heerlijkheid Poll en Panheel . In: Publications de la Société Historique et Archéologique dans le Duché de Limbourg 4 (1867), pp. 288–368, especially p. 299 ( Google Books ).
  16. ↑ See Ernst von Schaumburg: The Battle of Cleverhamm, June 7, 1397 . In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein (1861), pp. 81-106, esp. Pp. 97, 99, 101 and 103f ( Google Books ).
  17. ^ Regest of February 18, 1424, Gemeentearchief Roermond Regesten, No. 1708.
  18. ↑ Cf. Margarete Kühn (arr.): Documents on the history of the German Empire and its constitution 1350–1353 . (Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum et regum 10). Böhlau, Weimar 1979–1991, pp. 275–282, 319, 330–339 and 363f, especially p. 278 ( digitized from Monumenta Germaniae Historica ).
  19. ↑ Cf. Christian Renger (arrangement): Inventory of the ducal Arenberg archive in Edingen / Enghien (Belgium) , Vol. II. (Publications of the Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 75). Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz, Koblenz 1997, p. 133.
  20. ^ Document dated February 3, 1455; Staatsarchiv Wertheim (F-US 6 Grafschaft Virneburg: Documents, No. 225).
  21. ↑ Cf. Fürstliches Archiv Burgsteinfurt (inventory of the Moers archive from 1600); Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Rhineland Regional Council, Cologne 1977, No. 646.
  22. ↑ Documents of July 10th and December 13th, 1469, October 23rd, 1470 and June 10th, 1485; Staatsarchiv Wertheim (F-US 6 Grafschaft Virneburg: Documents, No. 305 and 309 and 316; F-Rep. 103 No. 195; G-Rep. 102 No. 1096).
  23. ↑ marriage speech of February 7, 1485; Regest with Günter Aders (arrangement): documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977, No. 764, p. 217; Christian Renger (edit.): Inventory of the ducal Arenberg archive in Edingen / Enghien (Belgium) , Vol. II. (Publications of the Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 75). Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz, Koblenz 1997, No. 910, p. 376.
  24. ↑ Cf. Gisela Meyer: The Palant family in the Middle Ages . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2004, pp. 349-355 and 368-403, especially pp. 352f and 364.
  25. ^ Regest of a document dated April 12, 1484; Princely Archive Burgsteinfurt (inventory of the Moers archive from 1600); Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977, p. 215, no. 756; see. Gemeentearchief Roermond Regesten, No. 1342 ( PDF ; 1.56 MB).
  26. ^ Document of April 10, 1486; Princely Archive Burgsteinfurt (inventory of the Moers archive from 1600); Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Regional Association of the Rhineland, Cologne 1977, No. 769.
  27. ↑ Cf. Christian Renger (arrangement): Inventory of the ducal Arenberg archive in Edingen / Enghien (Belgium) , Vol. II. (Publications of the Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 75). Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz, Koblenz 1997, p. 380; Johann Friedrich Schannat, Georg Bärsch: Eiflia illustrata , Vol. I / 2. J. A. Mayer, Aachen / Leipzig 1825, p. 790 ( Google Books ).
  28. ^ Contract of inheritance of the Walburg von Manderscheid and her relatives of July 24, 1499; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (110.28.00 Reichsgrafschaft Schleiden, documents no. 86); see. Family tree of Wilhelm von Neuenahr and his wife Walburga von Manderscheid; State archive NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Reich Chamber of Commerce, 291 - Az. B 635/2644).
  29. ^ Regest of a document dated July 24, 1499; Princely Archive Burgsteinfurt (inventory of the Moers archive from 1600); Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977, No. 833; see. Community archivist Roermond Regesten, No. 1542.
  30. ^ Regest of two documents from September 2, 1500; Princely Archive Burgsteinfurt (inventory of the Moers archive from 1600); Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977, No. 834 and 835; see. Gemeentearchief Roermond Regesten, No. 1557 and 1558.
  31. ^ Regest of a document dated June 17, 1505; Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977, No. 140, p. 49 ( PDF of the Landschaftsverband Rheinland).
  32. ^ Copy of a document from 1509 (1620); Regionaal Historisch Centrum Eindhoven (Heerlijkheid Cranendonck, Leenhof 15023 - 2766); see. Document dated February 25, 1521; Algemeen Rijksarchief Brussels (Leenhof van Brabant 351).
  33. ^ Regest of a document dated June 27, 1480, Fürstliches Archiv Burgsteinfurt (inventory of the Moers archive from 1600); Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Regional Association of the Rhineland, Cologne 1977, No. 735.
  34. ^ Regest of July 17, 1545; Roermond Regesten Municipal Office, No. 3553.
  35. ^ Regest of 1535; Princely Archive Burgsteinfurt (inventory of the Moers archive from 1600); Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977, No. 945, also No. 939.
  36. ^ Regest of 1537; Princely Archive Burgsteinfurt (inventory of the Moers archive from 1600); Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Regional Association of the Rhineland, Cologne 1977, No. 951.
  37. ^ Regest of 1554; Princely Archive Burgsteinfurt (inventory of the Moers archive from 1600); Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Regional Association of the Rhineland, Cologne 1977, No. 1006.
  38. ^ Regest of a document dated March 5, 1560, there designated as "Anna van Egmond gravin van Horn"; Princely Archive Burgsteinfurt (inventory of the Moers archive from 1600); Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977, No. 1022; see. Gemeentearchief Roermond Regesten, No. 2015.
  39. ↑ See files 1530–1582; State Archives Wertheim (F-Rep. 103 No. 24).
  40. ↑ Copie authenticque de donnation de dame Walburgis de Nieuwenaer de Hornes, Weert, Wissem & c. fait au proffit du comte de Solms et la dame Sabinne d'Egmont, sa compagne , 1594, u. a .; Archives nationales Paris (Fonds publics de l'ancien régime, Papiers du comte d'Egmont-Pignatelli, série T * 159 5 ); Copies in the library of the National Archives The Hague (Depot 9 J 5) and in the Weert municipal archive (Aanwinsten niet-gemeentelijke archiefbescheiden en documentatie, D-281).
  41. ↑ Cf. Ernst von Oidtman : The Lords of Milendonk from the family of the von Mirlaer . In: Zeitschrift des Aachener Geschichtsverein 10 (1888), pp. 8–50, esp. P. 37 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  42. ↑ . Omslag: Stukken over goederen van Res te food (proces) ; Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg (14.D048A - 2).
  43. ^ Certificate of June 4, 1612. In: Hubert Jakob Groß: Schönau (continued) . In: From Aachens Vorzeit 10 (1897), pp. 1–16, especially p. 7 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  44. ↑ See the customs shelf u. a. Feudal letter and consensus letter from King Charles of Castile from 1699; Landesarchiv NRW department Rhineland Duisburg (Reichskammergericht 1912, Az. G 143/318); Louis Berkvens: Adelijke concurrentie tegenover de landesregering (2004) ( PDF ; 402.84 KB).
  45. ^ Cf. Friedrich Pfeiffer: Rheinische Transitzölle in the Middle Ages . Adademie-Verlag Berlin 1997, p. 59.
  46. ^ Regest of a document dated September 2, 1416, copy from the 17th century; Regionaal Archief Dordrecht (inv. No. 115: Gemeene Maashandelaars, no. 560); see. Loe Giesen (arrangement): Kroniek voor Beesel, Belfeld en Swalmen - 1410-1419 ( online ; accessed January 17, 2016).
  47. ↑ Copy from the camp book of the city of Roermond , fol. XLII en fol. XLIII, in Inv. no. 2656, no. 4, in Oud Archief Nijmegen; Regest of October 1, 1428; Roermond Regesten municipal archives, no.1744.
  48. ^ Regest of December 5, 1476; Gemeentearchief Roermond Regesten, No. 2516, cf. No. 2516A.
  49. ↑ Gemeentearchief Roermond Regesten, No. 3541AB.
  50. ↑ Cf. Friedrich Ludwig Joseph Fischbach : Historical political, geographical, statistical and military contributions concerning the Royal Prussian and neighboring states , Vol. III / 1. Joachim Pauli, Berlin 1784, p. 245 ( Google Books ).