Jülich

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Jülich
Jülich
Map of Germany, position of the city of Jülich highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 55 '  N , 6 ° 21'  E

Basic data
State : North Rhine-Westphalia
Administrative region : Cologne
Circle : Düren
Height : 83 m above sea level NHN
Area : 90.39 km 2
Residents: 32,653 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 361 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 52428
Primaries : 02461, 02463
License plate : DN, JÜL, MON, SLE
Community key : 05 3 58 024
LOCODE : DE JUE
City structure: 16 districts / boroughs

City administration address : 		Grosse
Rurstrasse 17 52428 Jülich
Website : www.juelich.de
Mayor : Axel Fuchs ( independent )
Location of the city of Jülich in the Düren district
Kreis Düren Nordrhein-Westfalen Rhein-Erft-Kreis Kreis Euskirchen Rhein-Kreis Neuss Kreis Heinsberg Stadt Aachen Städteregion Aachen Belgien Heimbach Kreuzau Nideggen Vettweiß Düren Jülich Langerwehe Titz Merzenich Aldenhoven Hürtgenwald Nörvenich Inden Niederzier Linnichmap
About this picture
The swan pond with the newly built savings bank building in the background

Jülich ( French Juliers , Dutch Gulik ) is a medium- sized town in the district of Düren , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany .

geography

Jülich is located on the Rur . The surrounding area lies in the north of the Jülich-Zülpicher Börde . The urban area is limited in the north by the city of Linnich , in the northeast by the municipality of Titz , in the southeast by the municipality of Niederzier , in the south by the municipality of Inden and in the west by the municipality of Aldenhoven . The largest extension from east to west is 13.3 km and from north to south 10.9 km. The highest point of Jülich is in Bourheim at 110 m (except for the Sophienhöhe ), the lowest at 70 m in Barmen. In addition to the core city, Jülich consists of 15 other districts.

Townships

The city of Jülich is divided into 16 districts :

climate

The following data was collected by the meteorological station at Forschungszentrum Jülich.

Annual mean values ​​from 1961 to 2004
  Annual mean minimum maximum
Temperature in ° C 9.8 −21.1 (1979) 37.6 (2003)
Sunshine duration in h 1528 1224 (1981) 2168 (2003)
Precipitation in mm 693 441 (1976) 1042 (1966)
Wind speed in m / s 3.1 2.6 (89/92) 3.8 (1970)

history

The Motte near Altenburg / Jülich, remains of a tower hill castle from the 12th century
Renaissance castle inside the mighty citadel (2014)
Jülich on the tranchot card from 1806/07
Jülich's maximum French expansion plan

Historical overview

Jülich was founded in Roman times as a road station along the Roman road from Boulogne-sur-Mer to Cologne ( Via Belgica ). The vicus ( Iuliacum ) gained a certain importance because of its strategic position at a ford of the Rur and was fortified with a fort in the 4th century. In the 5th century, the place fell into Franconian hands and developed into the center of a district, the so-called Jülichgau , from which the county and from 1328 the duchy of Jülich emerged .

In 1234, Jülich was supposedly elevated to the rank of town. In 1239 the city was destroyed in the war against the Archbishop of Cologne . On October 14, 1279, the Counts of Jülich concluded the Pingsheim peace with the Archbishop of Cologne, Siegfried von Westerburg . In the 14th century, the city received a new fortification, of which relics are still preserved with the witch's tower and a remnant of the wall in the Stiftsherrenstrasse.

In 1416, Duke Rainald von Jülich-Geldern gave the city the right to financial self-determination. The power of the Dukes of Jülich grew with the merger of the Duchies of Jülich, Kleve and Berg to form the United Duchies . The rule of Duke Wilhelm V , called the rich. meant a climax. Although Jülich was handed over to imperial troops in 1543 without a fight, in 1547 almost the entire city fell victim to a conflagration, but the duke, with the help of the Italian architect Alessandro Pasqualini, expanded it into a splendid residence and ideal city complex of the Renaissance . During this work, the citadel and the city fortifications as well as the main features of the city map, which has been preserved to this day, were created. This was the most modern fortification in Europe at the time.

After the ducal line died out in 1609, the United Duchies were split up. The city then belonged to the Duchy of Pfalz-Neuburg, then to the Electoral Palatinate (1685) and to Bavaria (1777). In 1610, Jülich was besieged for the first time in the Jülich-Klevian succession dispute, and a second time in 1621/1622. The city was then occupied by the Spanish from the neighboring Spanish Netherlands until 1660 .

From 1794 to 1814, Jülich was part of the French national territory as Juliers in the Département de la Roer . The French expanded the fortifications to include the Napoleonic bridgehead on the Rur and numerous external works. In 1815 Jülich became a Prussian fortress and district town. Because of the fortress, the military insisted on running the Cologne – Aachen railway line , which was opened in 1841, over the neighboring Düren, which gave Düren a development lead that could no longer be obtained.

The fortifications were razed in 1860 after a large siege exercise by the Prussian army, but the city remained a garrison and the seat of a non-commissioned officer school. After it had been softened, in 1873 Jülich received the long-desired railway connection with three lines in the direction of Düren , Mönchengladbach and Stolberg (- Aachen). From 1882 to 1912 three more railway lines followed .

In the 1920s, Jülich was occupied by French and Belgian troops ( Allied occupation of the Rhineland ); The Reichsbahnausbesserungswerk, which went into operation in 1918 and was designed for 1,800 workers (from 1961/64 Heeresinstandsetztwerk 800 / SysInstZentr 800, now Mechatronikzentrum) ensured an influx of new residents who were settled in the south quarter (Heckfeld), which was expanded as planned.

On November 16, 1944 ( World War II ), Jülich was 97% destroyed in a violent air raid by British bombers ( Operation Queen ) within 20 minutes, because - although the city complex, the bridgehead and the citadel were no longer used as a fortress - as one of the main obstacles in taking the Rhineland was. On December 8, 1944, American GIs reached the west bank of the Rur opposite Jülich (see Rurfront ). After the end of the fighting in early 1945, the city was practically uninhabited and completely destroyed, and its rebuilding seemed unsafe.

Between 1949 and 1956, the town center was rebuilt under Mayor Heinrich Röttgen . It was possible to preserve the traditional Renaissance floor plan. In the 50s and 60s, the construction of the nuclear research facility (now Forschungszentrum Jülich ) once again brought numerous new residents, especially academics, who mainly settled in the northern district.

As a result of incorporations, the number of inhabitants rose on January 1, 1972 to more than 30,000. However, the Jülich district was dissolved in the course of local government reform. The citadel, long orphaned after the war, was repaired and became the seat of the municipal high school. In the 90s it developed more and more into the cultural and tourist center of the city.

After all railway lines in contact with Jülich, except for the "umbilical cord" to Düren, ceased passenger traffic from 1968 to 1983 and this last connection was also to be shut down, the Düren district railway took over operation in 1993 , ran a cycle timetable with light railcars and coordinated connecting bus timetables with a uniform network tariff and thus multiplied the number of passengers. This gave the Jülich railway connection the character of a regional S-Bahn.

From April 25 to October 4, 1998, the State Garden Show took place in Jülich. This enabled the extensive restoration of the bridgehead fortifications and the creation of a large local recreation area - the bridgehead park.

Jülich is particularly important because of the world-famous research center (since 1956) and the Jülich campus belonging to the Aachen University of Applied Sciences (since 1970). The campus was expanded for EUR 87 million and inaugurated on November 3, 2010. Jülich's landmark is the Witches Tower .

Incorporations

On January 1, 1972, the previously independent communities of Barmen, Bourheim, Broich, Kirchberg, Koslar, Mersch, Merzenhausen, Pattern bei Mersch, Stetternich, Welldorf and Güsten were incorporated.

Outsourcing

On January 1, 1972, the district of Krauthausen was assigned to the municipality of Niederzier.

Population development

Population development in Jülich from 1871 to 2017

In order to explain:

  • In 1918, the railway repair shop planned for 1,800 workers went into operation in Jülich .
  • On November 16, 1944, Jülich was almost completely destroyed.
  • The strong population increase in the 1960s can be traced back to the settlement of the Jülich nuclear research facility .
  • The sharp increase in the population by around a third after 1970 is due to the municipal reorganization on July 1, 1972, which made several surrounding villages into districts of Jülich. This brought Jülich 11,745 more citizens.
  • Around half of the population lives in the city center, the other half is distributed among the 15 surrounding villages that make up the urban area.
  • Jülich had its highest population at the end of 2002 with almost 34,300 inhabitants, but the number is currently stagnating at around 33,000.
  • The core city had a total of 17,739 inhabitants on December 31, 2017.

Churches and pilgrimage

Jülich is the seat of the Jülich church district , to which 20 Protestant parishes have come together and to which over 86,000 believers belong. The 16 Catholic parishes in the city of Jülich have come together in the Community of Communities (GdG) Heilig Geist Jülich . A Baptist congregation , the Free Evangelical Congregation and the New Apostolic Church are represented as free churches in Jülich .

On September 11, 2011, an ecumenical pilgrimage was opened in the Jülich region. It starts in Jülich and then leads over 100 kilometers through Jülich and the surrounding villages. Places of residence are the local churches. These can be visited by car, bike or on foot. The establishment of a pilgrimage route goes back to an idea by Selgersdorfer Anke Keppel.

politics

Local election 2014
Turnout: 53.46 (2004: 57.93%)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
35.67%
25.54%
22.91%
9.89%
4.03%
1.04%
0.93%
UWG-JÜL
EB Neuenhoff
EB Fuchs
Gains and losses
compared to 2009
 % p
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
-0.28  % p
+5.08  % p
+ 3.41  % p
+1.49  % p
-3.38  % p.p.
-0.34  % p
+ 0.93  % p
UWG-JÜL
EB Neuenhoff
EB Fuchs

mayor

On September 27, 2015, the independent Axel Fuchs was elected as the new mayor of Jülich. The inauguration took place on October 21, 2015.

City Council 2009–2014

After the municipal elections on August 30, 2009, the city council of the city of Jülich consisted of 42 city councilors, who were distributed among the individual parties and lists as follows:

Political party CDU UWG-JÜL SPD GREEN FDP LEFT total
Seats 16 10 8th 4th 3 1 42

(As of October 29, 2009)

At the beginning of this electoral period, the so-called "Jamaica" cooperation was formed between the CDU, B90 / The Greens and the FDP. Wolfgang Gunia (CDU) and Margret Esser-Faber (CDU) were elected as deputy mayors. The latter in the lottery procedure, because she was able to unite the same number of votes from the council members as Anke Keppel (UWG Jül). At the end of April 2011, the cooperation between the CDU, Greens and FDP broke up. Points of contention were the construction of the youth hostel and increases in local taxes. Despite arithmetical majorities for cooperation between CDU and SPD, CDU and UWG Jül or SPD, Greens and UWG Jül, no new majority was formed and the city council acted with changing majorities until the end of the legislature. A member of the Jül parliamentary group switched to the SPD parliamentary group as a non-party member, so that both UWG JÜL and the SPD had 9 seats each. The left city councilor also left his party and joined the Green parliamentary group. The Left Party has not competed in Jülich since then, as all those active in the dispute with the Düren district association left the party. In 2014 a member of the CDU resigned from the parliamentary group and party and has since been a non-party member of the council. From then on, the CDU parliamentary group only had 15 members.

City Council 2014–2020

Since the local elections on May 25, 2014 , the distribution of seats (as of May 26, 2014) has been as follows:

Political party CDU UWG-JÜL SPD GREEN FDP total
Seats 15th 10 9 4th 2 40

With a total of 40 seats, the total number of council seats decreased by 2 compared to 2009, as fewer overhang seats were acquired. Without overhanging mandates, the Jülich city council should consist of 38 members.

Since June 25th, the day of the constituent council meeting of the new legislative period, the CDU and SPD have ruled together in a grand coalition.

Coat of arms and banner

The city of Jülich has been granted the right to use a coat of arms and a flag (banner).

coat of arms
Jülich coat of arms
 Blazon : “Split in gold (yellow) and red, in front (heraldic right) a soaring, black, red-armored and tongued lion; at the back growing out of a silver (white) two-row, four-pinned city wall, two three-pinned, silver (white) towers of different sizes, in the upper half two red Gothic sound openings; the right large and left smaller tower are connected by a silver (white) central building with a right-angled gable, inside a red clover leaf opening above a red Gothic gate opening. In the upper coat of arms a five-tower red wall crown, the second and fourth smaller tower two-pinned and the big towers three-pinned. "

The description in the main statute is heraldically incorrect.

Reasons for the coat of arms: The coat of arms is a combination of the oldest city seal of Jülich and the coat of arms of the Duchy of Jülich with the lion .
banner
Banner of the city of Jülich The flag (the banner) of the municipality shows the colors yellow-black in a ratio of 1: 1. It is also carried with the coat of arms above the center of the cloth.

Town twinning

Jülich has had a partnership with Haubourdin in northern France since 1964 and with Taicang since 2017 . International contacts are also maintained by the schools Gymnasium Haus Overbach , Girls' Gymnasium Jülich and Gymnasium Zitadelle Jülich through student exchanges.

Administration and authorities

Because of the relatively large distance to the district town, Jülich is the seat of several branch offices of the district authorities . With the SystInstZentr 800 in the former Reichsbahn repair shop near the research center, the city is also the location of the Bundeswehr , where mainly trucks and lightly armored vehicles are repaired and repaired. 234 people are employed here, including seven soldiers and 70 trainees. This makes the plant one of the largest employers in Jülich.

Jülich is also the seat of a local court and a tax office .

Education and Research

Research Center

The Jülich Research Center (until 1990 called the Nuclear Research Center / KFA) is one of the largest research institutions in Europe .

The Nobel Prize winner Peter Grünberg , the 2007 for the GMR effect in physics along with Albert Fert was awarded was, 32 years assistant at the Research Center Jülich and also worked after entering retirement until his death in 2018 as a guest at the after him named Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI).

Today's research center was originally built as a location for the now decommissioned and dismantled nuclear reactors MERLIN (FRJ-1) and DIDO (FRJ-2). The AVR experimental reactor and the Jülich reprocessing plant are also located next to the research center .

After Leo Brandt , founder of the research center, according to Karl Heinz Beckurts , the longtime chairman of the board of the Research Center, and after Rudolf Schulten , the longtime chairman of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Research Center and developer of the nuclear reactor of the type pebble bed reactor , were named in Jülich streets .

University of Applied Sciences

The solar thermal experimental power plant Jülich (STJ)

The Jülich campus with the departments chemistry and biotechnology , medical technology and industrial mathematics and energy technology is part of the FH Aachen.

Solar Institute Jülich

The Jülich Solar Institute of the Aachen University of Applied Sciences, which has existed since 1991, played a decisive role in the development of the solar thermal demonstration and test power plant, the Jülich solar tower power plant .

Libraries and Archives

Jülich City Library

The Jülich City Library is located in the Kulturhaus am Hexenturm and comprises over 43,000 media units. It is used by around 70,000 citizens every year. In addition to the on-site use and loan of non-fiction books, novels, magazines, language courses, audio CDs, CD-ROMs, games, videos and DVDs, research and (Internet) workstations are available.

Other libraries

There are school libraries in the community secondary school in Jülich, in the Gymnasium Zitadelle, in the Gymnasium Haus Overbach in Jülich-Barmen, in the Realschule and in the Community Elementary School East. The school library in the community secondary school was a branch of the city library until 2002 and is the only professionally managed school library with a stock of around 12,000 media.

The central library at Forschungszentrum Jülich , with around 700,000 media units, is one of the most important specialist libraries in Germany.

The library of the University of Applied Sciences in Jülich contains around 55,000 media and is mainly used by students and employees of the University of Applied Sciences. On request, it is also available to schoolchildren and interested citizens of the city.

The art and history library of the Citadel Museum Jülich and the Jülich History Association 1923 e. V. is located in the Kulturhaus am Hexenturm. She collects literature on the thematic focal points: art and cultural history of the Renaissance as well as military history in general, especially the history of fortress construction. Contemporary treatise literature on warfare and fortress construction from the 16th to 19th centuries forms a special collection area.

Jülich City Archives

The Jülich City Archives are also housed in the Kulturhaus am Hexenturm. It documents 450 years of Jülich history using a large number of historical documents, files, newspapers, photos as well as maps and plans.

schools

The girls' high school in Jülich

In Jülich there are five primary schools (GGS Nord, GGS Ost, GGS Süd, GGS West and Katholische Grundschule), two special schools (umbrella school, special needs school with a special focus on learning and Stephanus school in Selgersdorf, special needs school with special focus on intellectual development), and four secondary schools ( secondary school Jülich , girls ' high school , high school Citadel in the city and high school Haus Overbach in the district of Barmen). One of the 50 secondary schools approved by the North Rhine-Westphalian Ministry of Education was set up in Jülich. Both the Hauptschule and the Realschule completely ceased operations in 2017. Jülich is also the seat of a vocational school and a technical college .

In addition, Jülich has a municipal music school that works with the Aachen Drama School and, in addition to musical training, also offers lessons in subjects relevant to the field of drama.

freetime and sports

There are many opportunities for leisure and sports activities throughout the city and the surrounding area. There is a well-developed network of cycling and hiking trails along the Rur with a multitude of routes through nature and landscape protection areas. Particularly noteworthy is the nearby Sophienhöhe - an artificial mountain created by the Hambach opencast mine : In addition to hiking, riding and cycling trails, there are favorable conditions for hang-gliders and winter sports enthusiasts.

Jülich is the station of the Way of St. James in the Rhineland. The place is on route 9, which leads from Dortmund to Aachen. The next stops are Kaster and Kinzweiler.

To go biking

Cyclists can orientate themselves at the junctions . The cycle paths lead through the city :

Bridgehead Park

The bridgehead park - created on the grounds of the State Garden Show in 1998 - has meanwhile developed into an attraction for families and schools, which also attracts visitors from the Netherlands and Belgium. It offers numerous attractions, including a large adventure playground and a skater track. An open-air pavilion is available for cultural events of all kinds. The Jülich Zoo is now part of the Brückenkopf Park. There are also various restaurants on the spacious site. (approx. 33 ha) The park is open to the public all year round.

Sports

Jülich is home to more than 60 sports clubs with several soccer and tennis courts, as well as riding and gymnasiums. The multiple European Cup winner and table tennis Bundesliga team TTC Jülich is best known .

The SC Jülich 1910 was 1969 German three times in a row until 1971 soccer amateur champion and 1972 failed only in the semi-finals. This makes it Germany's most successful amateur club. In 1997 the club was renamed SC Jülich in 1910/97.

Healthcare

St. Elisabeth Hospital

The St. Elisabeth Hospital Jülich was opened on November 19, 1891 . It was completely destroyed in the Second World War, but was rebuilt in 1946 and expanded in the following years: in 1950 an eye and an ENT department and in 1959 the specialist department for gynecology and obstetrics was established. There has been a nursing school since 1964. An outpatient operation center was built in 2003 and a new ward block in 2006. It is a hospital with 156 beds and 300 employees.

The city of Jülich was the sponsor from 1891 to 1963, the Caritas Association for the Diocese of Aachen from 1963 to 1987, Malteser St. Elisabeth gGmbH from 1987 to 2010 and since 2010 the Caritas Trägergesellschaft West gGmbH (ctw).

Ambulance service

The German Red Cross and the Maltese Aid Service operate the rescue service in Jülich. The district of Düren (RDKD) has commissioned them to carry out the rescue service. The rescue stations are located in Jülich (DRK) and in the Mersch district (MHD). The ambulance is parked at Jülich Hospital.

economy

The Jülich AG sugar factory is located in Jülich . Until 2006 it was an independent company with the Westzucker brand. In 1995 the Bedburg sugar factory was taken over and closed in 1997. The Jülich sugar factory has been owned by Pfeifer & Langen since 2006 . The paper and corrugated cardboard factory Gissler & Pass is headquartered in Jülich and has several plants in some of the Jülich districts. The Martin Bünten forwarding company with its large fleet is also a well-known local employer. Furthermore, the company Simex, the sole marketer in the Federal Republic of Germany for Moskovskaya and Krimsekt , is based in Jülich.

traffic

train

Rurtalbahn trains Linnich - Düren and Düren - Linnich leave Jülich station at the same time (2015)
This photo was taken 36 years earlier and about 10 meters further west: Midday train to Aachen North on platform 16 (1979, one year before the line was closed)

Jülich forms the operational and traffic center of the Düren - Jülich - Linnich line operated today by Rurtalbahn GmbH . This route branches off the main route Cologne - Aachen in Düren and is used every day of the week at least every hour until around 10 p.m. High- acceleration, air-conditioned lightweight railcars of the types RegioShuttle and LINT 54 have been in use since 2017 . The last RegioSprinter from the early years of the Rurtalbahn, which were procured in 1995 and had no air conditioning, were sold to the Czech Republic and left the Düren district on February 25, 2019.

Between Düren and Jülich, the hourly cycle from Monday to Friday in the morning and afternoon is reduced to half an hour; There are slight deviations from the basic cycle in school traffic. The timetable is basically designed so that there are connections in Düren to the RegionalExpress trains to and from Cologne and Aachen as well as the Rurtalbahn route towards Heimbach (Eifel) , and since December 2019 also daily to the Bördebahn towards Euskirchen. At Jülich train station, the timetable for most bus routes is largely based on the Rur Valley Railway; From Linnich there are connecting buses to the Baal, Brachelen and Lindern train stations on the main Aachen - Mönchengladbach - Düsseldorf line. A continuation of the Linnich trains to Baal or Lindern is under discussion, but not expected in the short term. To supplement the offer, the night bus line N 1 runs three times on the weekend late in the evening and at night from Düren on a variable route to Jülich (only in this direction).

This package of offers emerged from an initiative of the Düren district, with which in 1993 the threatened cessation of all rail passenger traffic around Jülich was prevented. Jülich was a railway junction until 1980, even if all lines were classified as branch lines . Until May 1953, trains of the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) and the Jülich Kreisbahn (JKB) ran from Jülich in seven directions, after all four of these lines kept their passenger traffic until May 1980. The last line was the “umbilical cord” to the district town of Düren in 1983, however should this also be shut down at the will of DB; In the 1980s, the station's extensive track system was largely dismantled. For the disused railway lines, a certain replacement in the form of railway bus lines was created under DB management (see section "Bus").

After many years of negotiations, the Dürener Kreisbahn (DKB) was able to take over operations from the DB on May 23, 1993; In contrast to the last eleven train pairs of the DB, which were irregularly distributed throughout the day, the DKB ran an hourly service from the start, which it condensed to half an hourly service in 1996 during rush hour. From 1993 to 1999 a few trains ran from Jülich to Heimbach at the weekend. In June 2002, passenger traffic between Jülich and Linnich was reopened after 34 years. Thanks to the frequent frequency, more trains leave Jülich every day than ever before, even if only in two instead of seven directions. The Jülich station building is now used as a cultural station (Cuba) for cinema, music and cabaret events. There is also a kiosk there that sells timetables and tickets, among other things.

The following table shows all Jülich railway lines and their successive offer restrictions. The routes are listed geographically in clockwise order, starting with north. In the case of shutdowns in sections, the annual figures apply to the section closest to Jülich.

route Stopping Sunday traffic Stopping Saturday traffic Adjustment of passenger traffic Freight transport cessation Remarks
Jülich - Linnich - Baal - Dalheim (1965) (1968) (1968) - since 2002 passenger trains Jülich - Linnich again
Jülich - Ameln - Hochneukirch - Mönchengladbach (- Düsseldorf) 1975 1979 1980 1980 dismantled to Hochneukirch
(Jülich -) Ameln - Bedburg (- Neuss) 1953 1953 1953 1966 reduced
Jülich - Düren (1975) (1981) - - Used again daily since 1993
Jülich - Stolberg - Aachen main station 1961 1979 1983 1983 dismantled to Frenz, from Weisweiler today Euregiobahn
Jülich - Kirchberg - Mariagrube - Aachen North 1961 1975 1980 1982 1) today mostly bike path
Jülich (district train station) - Kirchberg - Puffendorf (JKB) 1971 1971 1971 2004 no longer passable, tracks are z. T. still
1)Closure of Kirchberg - Aldenhoven; operated from Jülich to Kirchberg or Rübenstrasse junction because of the connection to the JKB line into the 2000s
Rurtalbahn locomotive “Sally” shunting her coal train to the new siding of the sugar factory at Jülich station (2006)

Until the beginning of the 1980s, the Jülich train station had five platform tracks, numerous freight and stabling tracks and a depot with a turntable and roundhouse. The latter was dissolved in the course of the beginning of the switch from steam to diesel operation in 1962, but only demolished in 1979-80. In 1964 the nearby Bundesbahn repair shop in Jülich was shut down; its premises and facilities were then handed over to the armed forces and research center (then called KFA).

Aerial photos from the 1930s show large numbers of different types of freight cars in the station; By the early 1960s, coal transports from the Aachen hard coal district as well as lime transports from Stolberg to the Ruhr area are likely to have been added. In the late 1960s to early 1970s, a heavy ore train ran regularly from the port of Neuss to the Weisweiler electrical works via Jülich. In addition to the colorful variety of individual wagons for a wide variety of customers and occasional special freight trains that z. For example, until the 1970s, when they brought vegetables from southern Europe to the Appel & Frenzel canning factory or artificial fertilizers via Jülich to Linnich, autumn beet transports in particular were decisive for freight traffic for decades. During the sugar beet campaign in 1958, for example, the Jülich sugar factory received an average of over 1,000 tons of beet per day from farmers in the region by train (around 40 wagons), plus numerous wagons with coal for energy-intensive sugar production. Over the years, however, beet transport shifted more and more to the road (at the end of the 1970s, just 200 tons per day came by rail), so that the Jülich sugar factory no longer accepted beet by rail from 1980. In addition, in 1972, a year before the first oil crisis , it had already converted its last boiler from hard coal to heavy fuel oil, so that coal transports were no longer necessary. There remained the transports to the still numerous other companies that maintained a siding in Jülich and the surrounding area (especially paper mills and agricultural suppliers), but their number and tonnage decreased from year to year.

Contrary to this trend, the Linnich-based company SIG Combibloc (then PKL) put its own siding into operation in 1983 in order to handle extensive raw paper transports from Scandinavia; However, these were shifted to road and ship at the beginning of 2002, so that initially only rudimentary remnants were left in freight traffic. However, the sugar factory, which had built its own coal-fired power station after the oil crisis, restored the siding that was dismantled in the 1980s in 2003-04. Since autumn 2004, now run during the beet campaign in the fall and during the so-called Eindickphase in spring day trains with about 15-20 cars brown coal from the nearby mines of Rheinbraun . Otherwise there is still weak freight traffic to the Bundeswehr and very rarely to the research center.

Perspectives

It has long been discussed whether to continue the Jülich - Linnich railway to Baal in order to create the Jülich rail connection to the north (especially Düsseldorf), which was lost in 1980 with the closure of the Jülich - Mönchengladbach direct connection (via Titz). This gap closure would also be useful for the residents of Linnich, as they could get to Aachen faster via Baal than via Düren. Instead of Baal, Lindern has already been discussed as a connection point. For a direct continuation of the trains in the direction of Mönchengladbach, i.e. the main goal of closing the gap, Baal would be more suitable than Lindern due to the route.

At the beginning of 2019, plans for a so-called "braintrain" route were made public. This is to create a direct connection between the educational and research locations Jülich and Aachen, with modern lightweight vehicles making extensive use of the old Jülich Kreisbahn route and the planned Euregiobahn route Siersdorf - Alsdorf. The route should lead via Barmen ( Haus Overbach ) and also connect to the emerging Aldenhoven campus (Automotive Testing Center / test area for autonomous driving). It is to be financed, among other things, by federal funds for structural change in the Rhenish lignite district.

In addition, under the term "Revierbahn" is now under discussion to rebuild a rail connection between Jülich and Bedburg, so that a S-Bahn line from Aachen via Jülich to Düsseldorf (and / or Cologne) could be created.

With regard to drive technology, the Düren district is interested in establishing trains with hydrogen technology on the Rurtalbahn routes by 2025 at the latest. On 18./19. February 2020, test drives of an Alstom Coradia iLint hydrogen train between Jülich, Düren and Obermaubach took place with the participation of the media .

bus

BVR train bus in the then new raspberry red color scheme as express bus route 111 to Aachen at the New Town Hall in Jülich (1992)

Jülich is connected to the surrounding area by a number of bus routes that have been part of the Aachen Transport Association (AVV) since 1979 . Almost all lines begin or end in Jülich; Most of the buses drive a core section within Jülich, which extends as a southern tangent to the inner city area from the Walramplatz stop (former bus station) at the Hexenturm via the centrally located Neues Rathaus stop to the train station . The lines then branch off to their destinations to the west or east of this core section. Most lines also run on Saturdays; On Sundays and on weekdays after 8 p.m. there are only buses to Düren (via Niederzier) and Aachen.

The following special features should be emphasized:

  • Line 220 runs every hour from Jülich to Aachen (referred to as Schnellbus SB 11 until December 2014) and uses Autobahn 44 between Alsdorf-Begau and Aachen (Prager Ring). Intermediate and evening journeys end in Alsdorf-Mariadorf ( Dreieck stop ) and have connections there to the Aachen city bus route 11.
  • The express bus line SB 20 offers (since December 2014) five pairs of journeys in rush hour traffic that continuously drive the Autobahn 44 between Jülich (Neubourheim) and Aachen, whereby the journeys within Jülich sometimes take different routes and do not stop at all of the stops.
  • Line 220 and SB 20 run mostly to / from Forschungszentrum Jülich, some also via the University of Applied Sciences (Campus Jülich).
  • Line 219 commutes 44 times a day between the research center and the Rurtalbahn station of the same name, but about 2 km from the main gate.
  • The night line N 1 has been running (since 2001) on Friday and Saturday evenings three times from Düren on variable routes to Jülich. In Düren, the departure times are coordinated with the late trains from Cologne; The driver decides the exact route depending on the passengers' wishes.
  • A citizen's bus has been running (since November 2, 2015) on a 65-minute circuit through the city area. a. Nordviertel, city center, Heckfeld, train station and technology center; Start and finish is the Jufa stop at Brückenkopf-Park. The citizen bus is not integrated in the AVV tariff and runs three times in the morning and three in the afternoon every 70 minutes. It also runs every 1st and 3rd Saturday of the month in the morning.
Sketch of the location (not to scale) of the old Jülich bus station on Walramplatz (bus stop assignment and bus colors as in 1980)

In addition, there are currently regular regional bus routes (as of the 2020 annual timetable):

  • Line 6 to Eschweiler (via Aldenhoven - Dürwiß)
  • Line 216 to Düren (via Kirchberg - Schophoven - Merken - Hoven - Birkesdorf)
  • Line 220 to Aachen (via Aldenhoven - Hoengen - Mariadorf)
  • Line 223 to Daubenrath (or from Huchem-Stammeln) (formerly to Düren, only a few trips, mostly requires a call)
  • Line 238 to Düren (via Niederzier)
  • Line 270 to Titz (via Fachhochschule - Mersch)
  • Line 279 to Linnich (via Koslar - Merzenhausen - Rurdorf)
  • Line 281 to Aldenhoven (via Koslar - Merzenhausen - Ederen - Freialdenhoven)
  • Line 284 to Jackerath (via Welldorf - Rödingen - Ameln - Titz) (in Rödingen connection to REVG line 950 to Cologne-Weiden)
  • Line 294 to Weisweiler (via Kirchberg - Lamersdorf - Schophoven - Merken - Inden / Altdorf)
  • Line SB20 to Aachen
  • Line SB70 to Titz

From the history of bus traffic in the Jülich region are to be emphasized

  • an international long-distance bus line operated by Deutsche Touring , which ran from Frankfurt via Jülich to Ostend from 1951–53 to 1971–72
  • the extensive works transport network of the research center (KFA), which in the 1970s and 1980s consisted of around 20 lines that were only accessible to factory employees
  • the splitting of long regional lines such as Aachen - Jülich - Düsseldorf or Geilenkirchen - Jülich - Cologne into ever shorter individual lines
  • the abandonment of the express buses, which did not stop at all stops, in the early 1980s
  • attempts by the Dürener Kreisbahn (DKB) to establish a city ring bus within Jülich in the mid-1980s
  • the end of Sunday traffic on most routes in the late 1980s to the mid 1990s
  • the capping of formerly continuous lines, especially towards the north at the district borders, in the 1990s, which, among other things, resulted in the Cologne - Mönchengladbach railway no longer being accessible by public transport from Jülich
  • the most extensive alignment of the timetables of almost all bus routes with the Rur Valley Railway, which took place when the Düren district railway took over the railway in 1993
  • the extensive discontinuation of the bus lines parallel to the rail (1993 line 223 Jülich - Düren, 2002 line 295 Jülich - Linnich)
  • The rise and fall of the bus station at Walramplatz, established in 1963, and the opening of the new central bus station (ZOB) in 1998 right next to the Rurtalbahn platform at Jülich station

Trunk roads

  • The Düren (7) motorway junction is on the BAB 4 , and the Jülich Ost / Mersch (8) junctions on the BAB 44 allow you to get to and from Düsseldorf and Jülich West / Koslar (7) to get to and from Aachen.
  • The federal highway 1 passed earlier by Aachen Coming in Jülich on the Aachen highway , Great Rurstraße and Neuss road in the direction of Dusseldorf, but was downgraded after 1975, the section Aldorf - Jülich - Jackerath the motorway was put into operation 44th
  • The Federal Highway 55 began earlier than Roman road in Jülich and led straight towards Cologne; when its course was interrupted by the Sophienhöhe in the 1980s , it was re-routed, and since then its start has been at the Jülich Ost / Mersch motorway junction.
  • The national road 56 runs, from the direction of Düren coming, through southern town area and ends at the junction Jülich West / Koslar in the A 44, which it follows until Aldenhoven to it there via Geilenkirchen towards Dutch border at Selfkant / Sittard to leave.

Culture and sights

Witches Tower Jülich (2009)
Citadel Jülich , south gate with artillery slot (2009)

Museums

Buildings

Particularly noteworthy are:

The transmission towers of the Jülich shortwave center built in 1956 were demolished in 2010.

All of the city's architectural monuments are included in the list of architectural monuments.

Others

  • Due to its unique demographic structure with a Rhenish Catholic core population and a large number of newcomers from the research center and the Reichsbahn repair shop, Jülich became the subject of an important sociological study by American scientists in the last quarter of the 20th century. Even if the city is not mentioned by name, it is unmistakable from the description that only it can be meant.
  • The cultural and social climate in the city is characterized by the high proportion of academics, there are many cultural events for a city of this size as well as three high schools for a little over 30,000 inhabitants, but at the same time only one secondary school.
  • The city houses the relics of Christina von Stommeln .
  • There are regular theater performances in the town hall, including a. also own productions.
  • Jülich has a very active and varied music scene: nationally known bands from Jülich are, for example, The Blue Beat , D-Sailors , Koroded and PsychoLuna .

Local customs

Muttkrate

Those born in Jülich are called Muttkrat (plural: Muttkrate ). Even if the origin of the word is not very flattering: The name is derived from the words Mutt (mud) and Krat (toad). The toads would hide in the mud of the moats when they were in danger. In addition, Jülich was built on a marshland, of which the Rurauen still testify today, which is another origin of the "nickname".

In memory of these Jülich “originals”, a “Muttkrat” was installed as the “whistle” organ on the new main organ of the Catholic provost church during the state horticultural show. It gives off a croak that is unique for church organs.

The Friends of Ellritzen also donated the Muttkrat fountain, which was unveiled and put into operation on July 7, 2011. Four bronze figures, which are linked to Jülich in various ways, are the focus of this fountain designed by Bonifatius Stirnberg : the architect Alessandro Pasqualini , who designed the Jülich ideal city complex, the Jülich landscape painter Johann Wilhelm Schirmer , a researcher with a round-bottomed flask and unit cell, and a farmer with ears of grain and sugar beets, the typical products of the Jülich region. Minerva , the goddess of wisdom, holds her hands over the fountain. All figures are accompanied by partially movable Muttkrate.

Lazarus Strohmanus

The custom of Lazarus Strohmanus has been part of the Jülich carnival for more than three hundred years . Lazarus, a blue and white dressed straw doll, is carried through the city on Violet Tuesday and thrown into the air with a jumping sheet ("stretched") at central locations. After dark, Lazarus is sunk into the Rur during a large fireworks display from the stadium bridge.

Telephone prefixes

In Jülich, the main code is 02461. For calls to Güsten and Welldorf, 02463 must be dialed in advance.

Personalities

Born in Jülich

With reference to the city

literature

  • Joseph Kuhl: History of the city of Jülich in particular of the former grammar school in Jülich . Fischer, Jülich. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • Eva Behrens-Hommel: Legends and traditions of the Jülich country. Publishing house Jos. Fischer, Jülich 1996, ISBN 3-87227-061-3 .
  • Eva Behrens-Hommel: Dialect collection of the Jülich country. Publishing house Jos. Fischer, Jülich 1997, ISBN 3-87227-062-1 .
  • Günter Bers: Jülich - History of a Rhenish City. Jülich 2004, ISBN 3-932903-26-9 .
  • Guido von Büren (ed.): Jülich city - territory - history. Kleve 2000, ISBN 3-933969-10-7 .
  • Ulrich Coenen: Architectural treasures in the Düren district. 2nd Edition. Aachen 1989.
  • Ulrich Coenen: From Juliacum to Jülich. The building history of the city and its suburbs from antiquity to the present. 2nd Edition. Aachen 1989, ISBN 3-925714-17-0 .
  • Ulrich Coenen: City of Jülich = Rheinische Kunststätten. Issue 368, Neuss 1991, ISBN 3-88094-696-5 .
  • Conrad Doose, Siegfried Peters: Renaissance fortress Jülich. 1998, ISBN 3-87227-058-3 .
  • Ulrich Eckardt, Wolfgang Hommel, Werner Katscher: Flight over Jülich. Publishing house Jos. Fischer, Jülich 2003, ISBN 3-87227-076-1 .
  • Heinrich Hoffmann: Folklore of the Jülich country. 2 vols. Eschweiler 1911 a. 1914.
  • Erwin Fuchs, Wolfgang Hommel: The Jülich and their roots. Publishing house Jos. Fischer, Jülich 1997, ISBN 3-87227-063-X .
  • Horst Dinstühler: The streets of the city of Jülich and its districts. Publishing house Jos. Fischer, Jülich 2004, ISBN 3-87227-079-6 .
  • Wolfgang Hommel: City Guide Jülich. Publishing house Jos. Fischer, Jülich 1998, ISBN 3-87227-065-6 .
  • Wolfgang Hommel: Jülich on the move - State garden show and urban development program Jülich '98. Publishing house Jos. Fischer, Jülich 1998, ISBN 3-87227-098-2 .
  • Wolfgang Hommel: Jülich FF - areas, fortress, family, leisure time, research. Publishing house Jos. Fischer, Jülich 2007, ISBN 978-3-87227-207-2 .
  • Wolfgang Hommel / Jürgen Schmitte: A Journey Round Jülich , Verlag Jos. Fischer, Jülich 2016, ISBN 978-3-87227-097-9 .
  • Peter Kremer : Where horror lurks. Bloodsuckers and headless horsemen, werewolves and revenants on Inde, Erft and Rur. PeKaDe-Verlag, Düren 2003, ISBN 3-929928-01-9 . (annotated collection of spooks from the area around Jülich and Düren)
  • Dietz-Rüdiger Moser : Lazarus Strohmanus Jülich - A Christian folk custom. 2000, ISBN 3-9804213-7-6 .
  • Hartwig Neumann : City and fortress Jülich on pictorial representations, Bonn 1991, ISBN 3-7637-5863-1 .
  • Gabriele Spelthahn: At the Synagogue - Jülich and the Holocaust. 1997, ISBN 3-930808-08-0 .
  • Eisenbahn-Amateur-Klub Jülich eV (Ed.): Jülich, the old railway town , 2nd edition, Jülich, 1986.

Web links

Commons : Jülich  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Jülich in the Topographia Westphaliae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts
Wiktionary: Jülich  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population of the municipalities of North Rhine-Westphalia on December 31, 2019 - update of the population based on the census of May 9, 2011. State Office for Information and Technology North Rhine-Westphalia (IT.NRW), accessed on June 17, 2020 .  ( Help on this )
  2. ↑ http://wahlen.kdvz-frechen.de/kdvz/kw2015/05358024/html5/Buergermeisterstichwahl_Gemeinde_Stadt_Juelich.html
  3. ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 308 .
  4. ^ Homepage of FeG Jülich. Retrieved October 16, 2012 .
  5. ↑ Sarah Plahm: The pilgrimage route is 100 kilometers long. In: aachener-zeitung.de. August 23, 2011, accessed June 18, 2012 .
  6. ^ City of Jülich - council election May 25, 2014 - overall result. Retrieved May 26, 2014 .
  7. ^ City of Jülich - Council election August 30, 2009 - overall result. Retrieved October 16, 2012 .
  8. ^ City of Jülich
  9. ↑ [1]
  10. ↑ [2]
  11. ↑ [3]
  12. ^ City of Jülich Online
  13. ^ City of Jülich elections
  14. ↑ http://www.aachener-nachrichten.de/lokales/juelich/grosse-koalition-in-juelich-sucht-einsparpotenziale-1.864027
  15. ↑ a b Main Statute of the City of Jülich, Section 2, Paragraphs 1 to 3. (PDF; 39 kB) Retrieved on December 23, 2012 .
  16. ^ The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007. Nobelprize.org, accessed April 15, 2012 .
  17. ↑ Grünberg's curriculum vitae
  18. ^ FH Aachen departments. FH Aachen, accessed on March 2, 2012 .
  19. ↑ Solarturm Jülich ( Memento of the original from July 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.solarturmkraftwerk.de
  20. ↑ Jülich secondary school has been approved. (No longer available online.) Aachener Nachrichten, February 2, 2012, archived from the original on October 28, 2012 ; Retrieved March 2, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.aachener-zeitung.de
  21. ↑ Secondary school in the city of Jülich. (PDF; 334 kB) City of Jülich, accessed on March 2, 2012 .
  22. ↑ Volker Uerlings: The last days of the secondary school in Jülich are dawning. In: Aachener Zeitung. July 4, 2017, accessed March 12, 2018 .
  23. ↑ Aachener Zeitung: Musikschule Jülich and Aachener Schauspielschule cooperate: intersections are obvious. Retrieved May 29, 2019 .
  24. ↑ Caritas Trägergesellschaft West gGmbH (ctw)
  25. ↑ Sebastian Petermann: The (new) train is coming. In: myheimat.de. March 3, 2019, accessed June 11, 2020 .
  26. ↑ Information and track plan (1976) for the Jülich station on the website of Stefan von der Ruhren. Retrieved November 7, 2015 .
  27. ↑ "Jülich roundhouse torn down", article in the Jülich news of November 24, 1979
  28. ↑ Aerial photo from 1934 with train station and sugar factory Jülich, photo of the Reich Ministry of Transport (RVM) on Eisenbahnstiftung.de. Retrieved November 7, 2015 .
  29. ↑ Eisenbahn-Amateur-Klub Jülich eV (Ed.): Jülich, die old Eisenbahner-Stadt , 2nd edition, Jülich, 1986, aerial photo from July 18, 1937 on page 53
  30. ↑ “A whole shipload of artificial fertilizer”, article in the Jülicher Nachrichten of September 28, 1978
  31. ↑ Zuckerfabrik Jülich 1880-1980, publisher: Zuckerfabrik Jülich AG, Econ-Verlag, Düsseldorf and Vienna, 1980, graphic on page 73
  32. ^ Wolfgang Naß: Die Jülich Kreisbahn, Verlag Schweers + Wall, Aachen, 1978, pages 117 and 119
  33. ↑ Zuckerfabrik Jülich 1880-1980, ed .: Zuckerfabrik Jülich AG, Econ-Verlag, Düsseldorf and Vienna, 1980, page 50
  34. ↑ On the old tracks - the “Brain Train” from Aachen to Jülich. Retrieved September 25, 2019 .
  35. ↑ From Aachen via Jülich to Düsseldorf: The "Revierbahn" still lacks support from Düsseldorf. In: Aachener Nachrichten online. May 19, 2020, accessed June 11, 2020 .
  36. ↑ From Aachen via Jülich to Düsseldorf: "Revierbahn" is not yet on the siding. In: Aachener Nachrichten online. June 3, 2020, accessed June 11, 2020 .
  37. ↑ Billions for structural strengthening: A new S-Bahn for the region. In: Aachener Nachrichten online. June 24, 2020, accessed June 26, 2020 .
  38. ↑ Hydrogen trains in the Düren district: Everything depends on the NRW funding. In: Aachener Nachrichten online. February 18, 2020, accessed June 11, 2020 .
  39. ↑ History - AVV. Retrieved May 25, 2015 .
  40. ^ E. Vincenti: Ten years of omnibus feeder traffic to the KFA . In: KFA intern (KFA Jülich works magazine) . No. 2 , September 1970, p. 11-12 .
  41. ↑ Motorway commissioning in 1975. Retrieved on November 7, 2015 .
  42. ↑ Jülich: Jülich is getting a “city theater”. In: Aachener Zeitung. Retrieved October 19, 2018 .
  43. ↑ The Muttkrat fountain: Loving homage to the Jülich people. (No longer available online.) Aachener Nachrichten, July 7th 2011, formerly in the original ; accessed on March 31, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.aachener-zeitung.de