Philipp Ernst
Philipp Ernst (born May 9, 1862 in Jülich ; † February 10, 1942 in Brühl near Cologne ) was a German teacher and painter .
Life
Philipp Ernst was the son of the post office clerk Wilhelm Ernst from Cologne and his wife Maria Katharina Ernst, born. Sapper from Jülich . With his wife Luise (née Kopp) he had nine children, the third child being the painter Max Ernst . The youngest child was Apollonia (Loni), born in 1906, later married to the art historian Lothar Pretzell.
Philipp Ernst worked as a teacher for 43 years, most of which as a deaf-mute teacher. Besides his job, his passion was painting. Already at a young age he had a talent for painting, so that he had even considered completing an apprenticeship as a painter, which his parents refused. By making a sideline through painting, he managed to enable six of his children to study.
Artistic work
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Philipp Ernst was self-taught . He painted strictly realistic , trying to reproduce the motifs he saw exactly on his pictures. Most of his pictures can be described as represented reality. The focus of his work was portraiture . Initially he portrayed fellow teachers. A considerable number of family portraits and portraits of other people were also created later. Photographs were often used as templates, especially when painting portraits. As a copyist, he also used other artists' pictures as models for his work. Examples are: 1. The anatomy of Professor Tulp, after Rembrandt , oil on canvas, 120 × 150 cm, signed Ph. Ernst 1923 2. Alpine landscape with church and chapel on the way, to Schiestl, oil on cardboard, 35 × 26 cm 3. Bismarck , after Lenbach , oil on wood, 27 × 19 cm, signed lu Lenbach p., ru Ernst cp 4. Madonna with four angels, after Murillo , oil on canvas, 42 × 24 cm, signed lu Murillo p. , ru Ph. Ernst.
He also painted some motifs several times in almost identical execution. Three oil paintings on hardboard with the motif view from the castle terrace to the castle church Brühl in winter are examples of this . In addition to the fact that Philipp Ernst delighted family members and friends with his pictures, his art also moved his son Max. So it was the encounter of little Max Ernst with the meticulously created picture The Monk of Heisterbach (Solitude) by Philipp Ernst which was to influence the later artistic development of Max Ernst. With a few exceptions, most of his paintings are in private hands.
Pictures in public collections
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The following pictures are in public collections today:
- Disputa after Raffael , painted between 1924 and 1932, oil on canvas, 145 × 205 cm, signed RAFFAEL p. 1508, PH. SERIOUS c. 1924–1932 ( Max Ernst Museum in Brühl ), The Disputa is the largest oil painting painted by Philipp Ernst. He worked on this work, which is impressive in its delicacy, for eight years.
- Portrait of Joseph Kuhl, Rector of the Progymnasium Jülich, signed Ph. Ernst 1913 (permanent exhibition in the Citadel Jülich )
- Portrait of Wilhelm Vogt, Mayor of the city of Jülich, signed Ph. Ernst 1921 (City History Museum in Jülich, Kulturhaus am Hexenturm)
A chest portrait of Cardinal Fischer , Archbishop of Cologne, painted by Philipp Ernst around 1912, oil on canvas, 79.5 × 63 cm, signed Ph. Ernst, is now owned by the cathedral chapter of the High Cathedral in Cologne . This painting turned out to be a particular artistic success for Philipp Ernst. His portrait of Cardinal Fischer, which he had made for the town hall in Jülich, not only met with great applause at the city council, but was also so admired by the Fischer family that Philipp Ernst had to make three copies of the cardinal's portrait.
Catalog raisonné
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Around 2005, family members Rainer Koehne, Barbara Pape-Pretzell and Walter Ernst created a catalog raisonné for the work of Philipp Ernst, the structure of which is based on the various motifs, from which the entire spectrum of the artist's motifs can be identified. A total of 129 works are illustrated in the directory.
The structure of this catalog raisonné is:
- I. Family portraits
- II. Landscape
- III. Blossoms, fruits, small animals
- IV. Heroes
- V. Copies after masters
- VI. Brühler portraits
- VII. Cologne and Jülich portraits
- VIII. Further family portraits
- IX. Four more landscapes
- C I. Drawings
- C II. Calligraphy
- C III. Artistic wall decorations
- C IV. Devotional images
Probably the best-known work by Philipp Ernst is the chest portrait of his son Max Ernst as a lieutenant in field gray uniform with an attached Iron Cross 1st Class of the Foundation from 1914, painted from a photo from the family album, which is depicted in many publications about Max Ernst. The painter himself can be found together with his oil painting “Disputa von Raffael” on a photograph in the catalog for the exhibition “ Max Ernst Photographic Portraits and Documents , Brühl 1991, page 20.
The signature of Philipp Ernst
Of the pictures compiled in the catalog raisonné mentioned above, most of the works (60 pieces) bear the signature “Ph. Serious". 36 works remained unsigned. With five works the signature “Ph. E ”can be determined.
literature
- Rolf Breitenstein: Loni will one day be an artist . In: Weltkunst , 78th year, 2008.
- Dirk Teuber: The Philipp Ernst family . In: Wulf Herzogenrath (Ed.): Max Ernst in Cologne - The Rhenish art scene until 1922 . Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1980, pp. 49–54, ISBN 3-7927-0542-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Biography of Max Ernst ( memento from November 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) on bruehl.de
- ^ Lothar Fischer : Max Ernst . Rowohlt, Reinbek 1969 (first edition), ISBN 3-499-50151-1 , pp. 15, 117.
- ↑ Philipp Ernst In: Weltkunst , issues 13-14, volume 78, 2008, p. 19 ff.
- ↑ inbruehl.com ( Memento from April 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Jürgen Pech: Brühler Bilderbogen , vol. 23, issue 237, January / February 2007
- ^ Frank Wernitz: The Iron Cross 1813-1870-1914, history and significance of an award . Catalogs of the Bavarian Army Museum Ingolstadt , Volume 10, Verlag Militaria, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-902526-58-8 , p. 396.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Ernst, Philipp |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German teacher and painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 9, 1862 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Jülich |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 10, 1942 |
| Place of death | Bruehl |