Hydrail

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Alstom Coradia iLint fuel cell hydrogen train at InnoTrans 2016

Hydrail is an umbrella term for all forms of rail vehicles that use hydrogen as an energy source to operate a traction motor , the auxiliary power unit or both. Hydrail vehicles convert chemical energy from hydrogen into mechanical energy. It does this either by burning hydrogen in a hydrogen internal combustion engine or by reacting hydrogen and oxygen in a fuel cell to power electric motors . The heavy use of hydrogen as a fuel for rail transport is a key element of the hydrogen economy .

The term hydrail is now widely used by researchers and technicians.

Hydrail vehicles are usually hybrid vehicles and have renewable energy storage systems such as batteries , accumulators or double-layer capacitors , regenerative brakes , which increase efficiency and reduce the amount of hydrogen required. Potential hydrail applications are all types of rail transport , such as passenger , freight or high-speed trains .

Word origin

The term hydrail is said to have been created in the April 17, 2004 issue of the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. The aim was to find a catchy word that would enable researchers and technicians to more easily disseminate the results of their work to the specialist public.

A Hydrolley is a tram used (trolley), which Hydrail technology. The term (for hydro gen tro lley , German: hydrogen tram) was at the Fourth International Hydrailkonferenz 2008. Spain created also to simplify other search engine to search for results. The hydrogen tram no longer needs overhead lines, thus reducing construction and maintenance costs.

History, projects and prototypes

  • In 2002 the first 3.6 ton, 17 kW hydrogen locomotive was presented, a prototype for a mine of the Placer Dome company in Val-d'Or / Canada.
  • The hydrogen train project in Denmark made a feasibility study in 2005 to build Europe's first hydrogen train; the project was abandoned.
  • In April 2006, the East Japan Railway Company presented the first Hydrail railcar .
  • In April 2007, a mini-hydrail from the Taiwan National Science and Technology Museum and Taiwan Fuel Cell Partnership made its first run.
  • In 2008, the East Japan Railway Company tested their experimental hybrid train in Japan. It was equipped with a 65 kW fuel cell and 19 kWh lithium-ion batteries.
  • In 2009, BNSF showed the first Hydraillok that drives electrically with the help of hydrogen cells; Test was carried out in cooperation with the US Department of Defense in 2010.
  • In August 2010, a 357 km high-speed line for a hydrogen train was proposed in Indonesia , but not implemented.
  • In November 2010, the People's Republic of China presented its first hydrail prototype.
  • The company HET Verkehrstechnik provided the ÖBB locomotive 1063.038 with a fuel cell drive and took the first test drives in Linz and Attnang-Puchheim in September and October 2017.
  • Alstom developed the so-called iLint based on the Coradia LINT trains with fuel cell drive and presented it on September 20, 2016. The top speed is 140 km / h and the range is between 600 and 800 km. Since mid-September 2018, two fuel cell trains have been in pilot operation in Lower Saxony on the route in the Elbe-Weser network of EVB in the Bremervörde area , where the hydrogen filling station is located. According to the manufacturer, it is the world's first mass-produced passenger train to be powered by a hydrogen fuel cell. Three months after the start, manufacturers and operators are satisfied with their operation on the almost 100-kilometer stretch between Cuxhaven and Buxtehude. Operation is then planned for December 2021: the Lower Saxony regional transport company has ordered 14 fuel cell trains to transport travelers between Cuxhaven , Bremerhaven , Bremervörde and Buxtehude . Further declarations of intent are available from the federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia , Baden-Württemberg and Hesse .
  • The fahma , a subsidiary of the Hessian RMV has an order for 27 trainsets, plus hydrogen supply and service, including replacement vehicles for 25 years, when in May 2019 Alstom ordered.
  • In February 2019, as part of the H2-Well project, a test drive took place on the Rottenbach - Katzhütte route in Thuringia. This was part of a feasibility study on climate-neutral rail operations that is planned for this route for the 2021 timetable change.

Web links

Commons : Hydrail  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Graham-Rowe, D. (2008). "Do the locomotion". Nature 454 (7208): 1036. doi : 10.1038 / 4541036a
  2. ^ Jones, WD (2009). "Fuel cells could power a streetcar revival". IEEE Spectrum 46: 15. doi : 10.1109 / MSPEC.2009.5210050
  3. ^ Jones, WD (2006). "Hydrogen on Track". IEEE Spectrum 43: 10. doi : 10.1109 / MSPEC.2006.1665045
  4. ↑ Delucchi, MA; Jacobson, MZ (2010). "Providing all global energy with wind, water, and solar power, Part II: Reliability, system and transmission costs, and policies". Energy Policy . doi : 10.1016 / j.enpol.2010.11.045
  5. ↑ Marin, GD; Naterer, GF; Gabriel, K. (2010). "Rail transportation by hydrogen vs. Electrification - Case study for Ontario, Canada, II: Energy supply and distribution". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35: 6097. doi : 10.1016 / j.ijhydene.2010.03.095
  6. ^ Stan Thompson and Jim Bowman (2004) "The Mooresville Hydrail Initiative", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 29 (4): 438, in "News and Views" (a non-peer-reviewed section)
  7. ↑ European "Hydrogen Train" project (2006) (PDF; 7.2 MB).
  8. ^ Development of the World's First Fuel Cell Hybrid Railcar . (April 11, 2006) East Japan Railway Company. Accessed February 6, 2011.
  9. ↑ World's first hydrogen fuel train tested in Taiwan . People's Daily (April 13, 2007).
  10. ↑ BNSF Railway and Vehicle Projects Demonstrate Experimental Hydrogen-Fuel-Cell Switch Locomotive . BNSF Railway (June 29, 2009)
  11. ↑ hydrogen Locomotive team, p. 6 (PDF file)
  12. ↑ CAEDZ Project site: HYDRAIL: PRELIMINARY PROPOSAL , accessed June 19, 2013
  13. ↑ China introduces the first light-rail train with new-energy fuel cells . People's Daily (November 29, 2010)
  14. ↑ Robert Kern: HET converts the ÖBB locomotive to a hydrogen drive . ( het-engineering.com [accessed November 10, 2017]).
  15. ↑ Lower Saxony: First hydrogen train goes into operation . In: Spiegel Online . September 16, 2018 ( spiegel.de [accessed September 22, 2018]).
  16. ↑ dpa: Hydrogen instead of diesel: New types of trains are proving themselves in operation. In: heise online. December 31, 2018, accessed January 1, 2019 .
  17. ^ Sv: Fuel cells train in Lower Saxony. In: Focus Online . July 17, 2018, accessed July 18, 2018 .
  18. ↑ Nikolaus Doll: "Hydrail": The world's first hydrogen train runs in Germany. In: welt.de . September 20, 2016, accessed October 7, 2018 .
  19. ↑ hessenschau.de
  20. ↑ rmv.de
  21. ↑ H2Well