Johann Wilhelm Schirmer

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Johann Wilhelm Schirmer (before 1864)
Johann Wilhelm Schirmer in his studio, painting " Campagna Romana with Aquaduct Aqua Claudia ", illustration by Henry Ritter in Schattenseiten der Düsseldorfer Maler , 1845

Johann Wilhelm Schirmer (born September 7, 1807 in Jülich ; † September 11, 1863 in Karlsruhe ) was a German landscape painter and graphic artist from the Düsseldorf School .

Life and artistic development

Schirmer was the second eldest son of the Jülich bookbinder Johann Gottlob Schirmer (1763-1826) and his wife Wilhelmine Johanna Christina Schirmer, née von Breitschwert (1768-1841). His younger brother was the lesser known landscape painter and photographer Philipp Schirmer . In his childhood, Schirmer experienced the siege of Jülich (1814) , which he later described in his memoirs. Between 1821 and 1824 Schirmer completed a bookbinding apprenticeship in his father's workshop. In addition, he began with self-taught painting studies and attended the Düsseldorf Art Academy from 1826 . There he became a student of Wilhelm von Schadow and Heinrich Kolbe . Under the influence of Carl Friedrich Lessing , Schirmer trained as a landscape painter.

Since 1834 as an assistant teacher and from 1839 as a professor at the Düsseldorf Art Academy, Schirmer is, along with Lessing, the most important founder of the Düsseldorf School of Landscape Painting ("Schirmer School"). In 1836 he traveled to the Netherlands . A trip to Normandy , which he had undertaken at the invitation of Camille Saglio in 1836, caused him to abandon the direction he had taken of more emphasis on drawing and to intensify the emphasis on color and tone effect. Expressions of this change in style, which became visible from 1838, were images such as “Autumn Landscape”, “Wetterhorn” or “Jungfrau in Switzerland”. His trip to Italy in 1840 took him in the more stylizing and idealizing direction of landscape painting, often with biblical motifs. In 1841 he married Emilie von Bardeleben.

In 1854 he was appointed first director of the newly founded Karlsruhe Art School by the Prince Regent and later Grand Duke Friedrich I , sold his house at Pfannenschoppenstrasse 35 (Klosterstrasse) in Düsseldorf and moved to Karlsruhe. Here Schirmer worked among others as a teacher of Hans Thoma , Rudolf Epp and Anton von Werner .

Religious themes predominate in his late work, while his last pictures no longer belong to any particular direction. They are the general expression for moods or thoughts and almost show an impressionistic style.

Schirmer's graphic work, around 30 sheets, is little known and scientifically processed. In his youth until the 1840s it was of great importance to the artist. He preferred etching, but also dealt with lithography . His first etching, The praying nun , was created in Düsseldorf in 1829 . In 1847 his portfolio Eight Original Landscape Etchings was published, which consists of sheets from different times.

Along with August Weber, he is one of two “idealists” at the Düsseldorf School.

In his honor, his name was engraved on the face of the Düsseldorf Art Academy at the end of the 1890s . Exhibitions in recent years again emphasized Schirmer's importance for the development of German landscape painting in the 19th century.

Major works

Sea surf with distant ships , 1836, Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe
South Tyrolean house under chestnut trees , 1839/1840, museum in the Weimar City Palace
Approaching thunderstorm in the Roman Campagna , 1858, Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe
  • Forest Chapel , 1829, Wallraf-Richartz-Museum Cologne
  • Grotto of Egeria , 1829, Museum of Fine Arts Leipzig
  • Sea surf with distant ships , 1836, Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe
  • Autumn landscape , 1838
  • The Wetterhorn , 1838
  • South Tyrolean house under chestnut trees , 1839/1840, museum in the Weimar City Palace
  • After the storm , 1849, Museum Kunstpalast , Düsseldorf
  • Biblical landscapes in 26 charcoal drawings, 1855/1856
  • Four pictures on the story of the good Samaritan, 1856/1857, Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe
  • Approaching thunderstorm in the Roman Campagna , 1858, Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe
  • Twelve oil paintings on the history of Abraham, 1859–1862, Nationalgalerie Berlin
  • Stormy evening , around 1860, Neue Pinakothek , Munich
  • Italian landscape with pilgrims , Düsseldorf Art Academy

Illustrations (selection)

Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf :

  • In: Album of German artists in original etchings. - Buddeus, Düsseldorf 1841. Digitized edition
  • In: German seals with marginal drawings by German artists. - Buddeus, (Volumes 1–2) Düsseldorf 1843. Digitized edition
  • In: Reinick, Robert. Songs by a painter with drawings by his friends on the margins. - between 1836 and 1852.
    • Songs by a painter with drawings by his friends on the margins. - Düsseldorf: Schulgen-Bettendorff, 1838, colored portfolio edition. Digitized edition
    • Songs by a painter with drawings by his friends on the margins. - Düsseldorf: Schulgen-Bettendorff, 1838. Digitized edition
    • Songs by a painter with drawings by his friends on the margins. - Buddeus, Düsseldorf between 1839 and 1846. Digitized edition
    • Songs by a painter with drawings by his friends on the margins. - Vogel, Leipzig approx. 1852. Digitized edition

His students

Düsseldorf students:

Karlsruhe students:

Life memories

  • The memoirs of Johann Wilhelm Schirmer . Edited by Paul Kauhausen. Linker Niederrhein Association, Krefeld 1957

Special exhibitions

  • "Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - From the Rhineland into the World" . Joint exhibition from April 24, 2010 to January 16, 2011 in Düsseldorf, Neuss, Jülich, Bonn, Bergisch Gladbach and Königswinter
    • Municipal gallery Villa Zanders , Bergisch Gladbach: "The multiplied nature". Schirmer and the graphic arts

literature

  • Friedrich von Weech :  Schirmer, Wilhelm . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 31, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 312-315.
  • Marcell Perse (ed.): Nature in view. The landscapes of Johann Wilhelm Schirmer . Jülich inventory catalog. Jülich 2001, ISBN 3-934176-05-4 .
  • Siegmar Holsten (Ed.): Johann Wilhelm Schirmer in his time: Landscape in the 19th century between reality and ideal . Published on the occasion of the exhibition of the same name in the Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe and the Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum in Aachen. Kehrer Verlag, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-925212-51-5 .
  • Birgit Jooss : Johann Wilhelm Schirmer's travel diary to Italy . In: Heinz Peter Brogiato, Klaus-Peter Kiedel (ed.): Research - Travel - Discover - Worlds of Life , in the archives of the Leibniz Association. Halle 2011, pp. 140–141.
  • John Nicholls: The painting cycle of biblical landscapes after Johann Wilhelm Schirmer in the Bergisch Gladbach town hall , Bergisch Gladbach 2010.
  • Marcell Perse: Pistol shot for lunch. The wandering painters around Johann Wilhelm Schirmer in Altenahr , in: Heimatjahrbuch des Kreis Ahrweiler 2019 , Ahrweiler 2018, 290 pages, pp. 165–170
  • Johann Wilhelm Schirmer. From the Rhineland into the world (two-volume exhibition catalog Düsseldorf, Neuss, Bergisch Gladbach). Michael Imhof, Petersberg 2010, Volume 1: Catalog, ed. by Marcell Perse, Bettina Baumgärtel, Irene Haberland, Uta Husmeier-Schirlitz, Elmar Scheuren and Wolfgang Vomm. ISBN 978-3-86568-486-8 ; Volume 2: Autobiographical Writings, ed. by Gabriele Ewenz, ISBN 978-3-86568-544-5 .
  • John Nicholls: The painting cycle of biblical landscapes after Johann Wilhelm Schirmer in the Bergisch Gladbach town hall , Bergisch Gladbach 2010.
  • Rudolf Theilmann : Schirmer and the Düsseldorf landscape painting . In: Wend von Kalnein (Ed.): The Düsseldorf School of Painting . Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9 , pp. 130-144.
  • Andrea Tietze:  Schirmer, Johann Wilhelm. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , p. 9 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Kurt Wanner: Johann Wilhelm Schirmer and his “blessed” trip over the Splügen Pass in the summer of 1853 In: Bündner Monatsblatt , Issue 5, 2011, pp. 353-370.

Web links

Commons : Johann Wilhelm Schirmer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ^ Johann Wilhelm Schirmer , biography in the portal rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de.
  2. ^ Kurt Zimmermann: Johann Wilhelm Schirmer . Dissertation, Kiel, Saalfeld ad p. 1920.
  3. ↑ At the request of Professor Schirmer, the solidly newly built house (...) located here in Pfannenschoppenstrasse at no. 35 a few years ago and suitable for an artist's apartment (...) will be publicly put up for sale. In: Düsseldorfer Journal and Kreisblatt , No. 174, July 25, 1854.
  4. ^ Catalog of the painting collection of the Wallraf-Richartz Museum in Cologne, p. 232.
  5. ^ Johann Wilhelm Schirmer (1807–1863), After the storm , 1849, acquired in 2006 with funds from the Werner G. Linus Müller estate, Düsseldorf, oil on canvas, 105 x 149 cm, sign. u. dat. "W. Schirmer 1849", Inv-No. MKP M 2006-1 , from Stiftung Museum Kunstpalast, accessed on February 21, 2018.
  6. ↑ See also Heinrich Ragaller: Johann Wilhelm Schirmer's Campagna landscape in the Martin von Wagner Museum. In: Würzburg-67. 1967, No. 4, pp. 68-70.
personal data
SURNAME Schirmer, Johann Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German landscape painter and graphic artist
DATE OF BIRTH September 7, 1807
PLACE OF BIRTH Jülich
DATE OF DEATH September 11, 1863
Place of death Karlsruhe