Wilhelm II of Neuenahr

Wilhelm II von Neuenahr as hereditary steward of Cologne, woodcut by Anton Woensam (detail), 1538

Wilhelm II. Count von Neuenahr (Nuenar, a Nvenar, de Nova Aquila, van Nieuwenar) and Moers (Mörß), Lord of Bedburg (Bedbur), Krefeld and Cracau (* between 1485 and 1487; † between March 16 and 24. August 1552 ) was a German diplomat and promoter of the Reformation .

Life

Wilhelm II von Neuenahr was a son of Count Wilhelm I von Neuenahr (* around 1447; † 1497), Lord of Bedburg , and (⚭ 1484) Countess Walburga von Manderscheid (* 1468; † 1530/35), mistress of Schleiden . His mother married Frederik van Egmond (around 1440–1521), Count zu Büren and Leerdam, son of Count Wilhelm van Egmond (1412–1483), Lord of IJsselstein and governor of Geldern , and his wife Walburga von Moers ( around 1415 – around 1459). Floris van Egmond (1469–1539), Habsburg governor of the dominion of Friesland , was Wilhelm's stepbrother. The half-sister Agnes came from an extramarital relationship of his father, married to Wilhelm Deutz called van der Kulen. Johann IX. von Hoorn († 1506), bishop of Liège since 1482 , was William II's great-uncle, Conrad IV. von Rietberg († 1508), bishop of Osnabrück and Münster, his cousin.

→ For further ancestors see the article on his brother Hermann von Neuenahr the Elder (1492–1530) .

When his father died in 1497, Wilhelm II was still a minor. Goedart Deutz (Duytsche) van der Kulen († after 1512) and Conrad Roß von Laach († 1508) were appointed as his guardians.

Hereditary steward of the Electorate of Cologne

"Graiff Wilhelm tzo Nuwenar" took part in 1505 in the entourage of Cologne Archbishop Hermann von Hessen (1450–1508) in the Reichstag of the future Emperor Maximilian I in Cologne . As early as 1508 - still under Archbishop Hermann von Hessen - "Wilhem graue zu Nuwenar, herre zu Bedbur" was referred to as the "Erffhoifmeister des Stift Coellen".

In 1512 he joined an alliance of the Wetterau Counts Association with several Eifel counts under the leadership of Counts Johann V of Nassau-Dillenburg (1455-1516) and Philip II of Virneburg-Saffenberg and Neuenahr († 1522/25), which was renewed in 1515 and 1520 has been. In the same year 1512 Wilhelm, Count von Neuenahr, became Lord of Bedburg ( Bedtbornn ) in Schleiden at the request of Count Diedrich IV of Manderscheid-Schleiden (1481–1551), who also belonged to the alliance, “curator, tutor, administrator, lawyer and guardian "of his son Diedrich - meaning the natural son Dietrich (Diethard; Dietz) Bastard von Manderscheid-Grevenmacher (* 1500/05; † 1584) - was therefore already of legal age at this point in time (older than 25 years). Co-guardian Dietrichs remained Thomas Print von Horchheim called von der Broel d. Ä. († 1543), the bailiff of Kronenburg . Dietrich Bastard von Manderscheid was in 1529 as captain of 4 troops in French military service, in 1547 bailiff of the Neuerburg rule and received pensions from the Lorraine village of Malling and various farms in the Eifel.

In 1514, Count Wilhelm II., Distant cousin, Count Jakob III. von Horn († 1531) Wilhelm II von Neuenahr made an obligation of 5750 guilders. The enfeoffment of the Counts of Neuenahr in the archbishopric of Cologne with Bedburg , Garsdorf , Hof Morken , Rösberg and the hereditary stewardship of the electorate was confirmed in 1515 by Archbishop Philip II of Daun (1463-1515) for Wilhelm II.

Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr succeeded Philip II. Von Daun in this capacity as guardian of his nephews 2nd degree Gumprecht II. (* Around 1503; † 1555) and Friedrich von Neuenahr-Alpen (1504–1528), the sons of his cousin Gumprecht I von Neuenahr-Alpen (1465–1504). Wilhelm II also acted as Vogt (assistant) for his widow Countess Amalie von Wertheim (1460–1532).

From Karl V (1500–1558) Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr received a gift of 2000 gold florins in 1518/19 for his support as Kurkölner hereditary steward in his election as Roman-German king .

Acquisition of the county of Moers

In 1518 he married Anna Countess zu Wied and Moers (around 1500–1528), mistress of Rodemachern ( Rodemack ), daughter of Wilhelm III. Count zu Wied (* around 1455/60; † 1526), ​​Lord of Ysenburg and Runkel, and (⚭ 1481) Margareta Countess von Moers (around 1470–1515). His wife Anna von Wied, the heir to the county of Moers, was a niece of Archbishop Hermann V. von Wied (1477–1552; ruled 1515–1547).

On March 20, 1519, his father-in-law left the county of Moers and the lordships of Rodemachern and Bolchen ( Boulay ) to Wilhelm . However, the possession of Rodemachers was disputed between the Counts of Wied / Neuenahr and the Margraves of Baden-Baden . In fact, Baden-Rodemachers took possession of the rule in 1492 . In 1525 Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria (1503–1564) wrote to Margrave Philip I of Baden (1479–1533) about this . The Imperial Court of Justice had ruled in favor of the margraves, but Emperor Charles V declared it incompetent because Luxembourg was exempt. He commissioned Count Wilhelm von Nassau-Dillenburg (1487–1559) to settle the conflict. The Great Council of Mechelen had ruled in favor of Baden in 1537 and 1542, but another trial was still pending in 1552 when Wilhelm II von Neuenahr died.

Because of the lordship of Kronenburg and fiefdoms on Sierck , a Luxembourg and Lorraine fiefdom of the lords of Rodemachern, Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr and his father-in-law Wilhelm III. von Wied had an argument with Dietrich IV von Manderscheid-Schleiden, a grandson of Franziska von Rodemachern († 1483). The abbot of Prüm Wilhelm von Manderscheid-Kail († 1546) and Count Johann III acted as arbitrators . von Wied-Runkel († 1533), who in turn commissioned Count Wilhelm von Nassau-Dillenburg with the arbitration, who set the atonement days in Cologne. In 1528, Neuenahr and Wied declared to Duke Anton II of Lorraine (1489–1544) that they were foregoing the fief in favor of Dietrich IV and his heirs.

Wilhelm II sold the Bolchen rule in 1530 to Anton II of Lorraine, who had previously owned it in pledge. Wilhelm II had visited the Duke of Lorraine, who was claiming money, in 1529 and received a pension of 1000 guilders for his services.

Mediation for Kurköln, Jülich-Kleve-Berg and Kursachsen

Wilhelm II von Neuenahr and the electoral councilor Hartmannus Maurus (Hermann Mohr) († 1537) negotiated in October 1520 as electoral Cologne ambassadors in Leuven with Charles V about the modalities of the imperial coronation and its possible relocation to Cologne because of the plague in Aachen ; the humanist Sebastian von Rotenhan (1478–1534) was also present at their audience . Immediately at this time, on October 8, 1520, Luther's writings were publicly burned in Löwen . The imperial coronation, in which Wilhelm II and his brother Hermann von Neuenahr took part, took place on October 23, 1520 in Aachen.

In 1521 Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr took part in the Worms Reichstag for the county of Moers, which at that time still recognized its imperial status . April Martin Luther (1483–1546) was heard. In 1522 he negotiated the conditions for Archbishop Hermann V's entry into the city of Cologne.

In the feud between Franz von Sickingen (1481–1523) and the Archbishop of Trier Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads (1467–1531), Wilhelm II tried in vain in September 1522 on behalf of Cologne's Archbishop Hermann V. von Wied, between the two opponents convey. However, the Elector of Trier could not and did not want to raise the 200,000 ducats demanded by Sickingen for his withdrawal. After disputes with the Kurkölner city of Andernach over its accounting, the Hofrat Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr belonged to an archbishop's embassy, ​​which held talks in the city in the autumn of 1522 to settle the dispute.

On November 3, 1522 Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr was in Siegen together with Katharina von Weinsberg († 1538), wife of Eberhard IV. Von Eppstein-Königstein (1485–1535), godfather of his future daughter-in-law Magdalena von Nassau-Dillenburg (1522– 1567).

In 1523 Wilhelm II provided the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order Albrecht I of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1490–1568) for 2352 gold guilders pay riders for a - failed - Danish train in support of King Christian II of Denmark (1481–1559, r . 1513-1523). Albrecht I married Princess Dorothea of ​​Denmark (1504–1547) as Duke of Prussia in 1526 .

Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr and the Westphalian Landdrost Johann Quadt zu Landskron (1470–1542), Herr zu Tomberg, acknowledged a loan from the estates of 1000 guilders for Kurköln in 1523.

In 1524 Wilhelm II took part in the installation of the Worms Prince-Bishop Heinrich von der Pfalz (1487–1552) as Bishop of Utrecht .

In a dispute over the inheritance of the Lords of Reichenstein between Elisabeth von Reichenstein († 1529), the widow of Adolf von Limburg-Styrum († 1506), and his uncle Count Dietrich IV. Von Manderscheid-Schleiden, who in 1506 Margaretha von Sombreff- Kerpen-Reckheim (1489–1518), the widow of Heinrich II. Ernst von Reichenstein (1476–1506), took care of Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr and Domkeppler (from 1547 cathedral dean) Count Georg von Sayn-Wittgenstein († 1558) for two balancing agreements concluded in 1525 and 1527. Wilhelm II von Neuenahr was also one of the mediators of an inheritance dispute between the brothers Philip III in Aachen in 1526. († 1534) and Kuno († 1545) from Virneburg-Saffenburg and Neuenahr.

In 1526 he was together with his brother Count Hermann von Neuenahr, Count Dietrich IV. Von Manderscheid-Schleiden and his father-in-law Count Wilhelm III. von Wied representative of the Archbishop of Cologne Hermann V. von Wied and, together with Landdrost Nikolaus von Münchhausen, representative of the Münster Bishop Friedrich III. von Wied (1475 / 1478–1551; ruled 1522–1532) at the Speyer Reichstag . He appears in 1526 as bailiff to Hülchrath , which was pledged in 1490/91 by Archbishop Hermann V von Wied to his father Wilhelm I von Neuenahr.

In the second half of the 1520s, Wilhelm II von Neuenahr, who alongside Chancellor Dr. Bernhard von Hagen († 1556) and Dr. Johann Gropper (1503–1559) was one of the most influential personalities in the archdiocese, and Wilhelm von Nassau-Dillenburg in disputes between Kurköln and Jülich-Kleve-Berg .

In 1526 Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr helped to bring about the marriage contract between Johann Friedrich I of Saxony (1503–1554) and Sibylle von Jülich-Kleve-Berg (1512–1554) . He and Count Philipp von Solms-Lich received 1,000 gold guilders each, Count Albrecht VII von Mansfeld 500, Anarg von Wildenfels 400 and Hans von Minckwitz († 1534) 300 gold florins as thanks for their mediation work . Presumably Wilhelm II von Neuenahr was a witness in 1527 of the Düsseldorf religious discussion between Friedrich Myconius (1490–1546) and the Franciscan observant Johann Heller from Korbach, which was moderated by Anarg von Wildenfels on the occasion of the third trip of Johann Friedrich I from Saxony to Düsseldorf.

Wilhelm II. Of Neuenahr and his wife Anna, who died in the same year, in 1528 bought the Neuenahrer yard adjoining paddock for Bongart (also St. Cornelishof called) at the Cologne Breite Straße by Abbot Henry III. von Binsfeld († 1531) of the imperial abbey Kornelimünster . In November Wilhelm II was enfeoffed with 100 gold guilders man money from Customs in Bonn as compensation for old claims from Archbishop Hermann V von Wied .

Diplomatic service for Emperor Charles V and Electoral Saxony

In 1527 the consequences of the imperial ban were lifted, by which Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr and his father-in-law Wilhelm III. of "Widde" as heir to Vincent von Moers- Saar Werden (1414–1499), who was ostracized by King Maximilian I in 1493, were still affected. The restitution was imperial law and was confirmed in Section 6 of the Reichstag's resolution of 1526. It took place during a trip by Hermann von Neuenahr the Elder. Ä. to the imperial court in Valladolid .

Charles V sent Wilhelm II von Neuenahr and Wilhelm von Nassau-Dillenburg in 1528 to Johann von Sachsen (1468–1532). On behalf of the emperor, they spoke with the elector about theological disputes, the restitution of church property , aid to the Reichstürken , the planned election of Ferdinand I - against which Johann was the only one to vote in January 1531 - as well as measures against the Zwinglians and Anabaptists and urged him to to appear personally at the next Reichstag in Speyer .

The Electoral Cologne delegation to the Reichstag in Speyer in 1529 consisted of Wilhelm II von Neuenahr, Dietrich IV von Manderscheid, Hermann von Neuenahr, Wilhelm III. von Wied, the Chancellor Dr. Bernhard von Hagen, Dr. Johann Gropper, Bartholomäus I von der Leyen († 1540) and Dr. Hieronymus Einkürn († 1560). Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) made contact with Wilhelm II von Neuenahr there.

In March / April 1530, the Saxon court marshal Hans von Doltzig (around 1485–1551) commissioned Heinrich III. von Nassau-Breda (1483–1538) and his brother Wilhelm von Nassau-Dillenburg and Wilhelm II von Neuenahr in Dillenburg with the mediation between the Emperor and Elector Johann von Sachsen. They met Charles V, who was on his way back to Germany from the coronation of the emperor in Bologna , in May in Innsbruck . The emperor proposed to the elector through the two negotiators a preliminary talk before the Reichstag in Kufstein or Munich , which elector Johann von Sachsen refused to hold. Subsequently, Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr took for his county Moers and Heinrich III. von Nassau participated in the Augsburg Reichstag , in the course of which Wilhelm's brother Hermann von Neuenahr died.

After the Augsburg Reichstag

In January 1531 "Erbhoffmayster Graff Wilhallm von Newenaer" took part in Ferdinand I's coronation as German King in Aachen. In July 1531, Charles V in Brussels commissioned Wilhelm II von Neuenahr and Wilhelm von Nassau-Dillenburg, unsuccessfully, to act as mediators in order to win Johann von Sachsen back to the old church; they visited the elector on August 22nd. Charles V sent Wilhelm II of “Noënaër” on this trip via Heidelberg to Elector Ludwig V of the Palatinate (1478–1544) and Landgrave Philip I of Hesse (1504–1567).

Wilhelm II von Neuenahr was formally employed by the Ernestines for diplomatic tasks in the Electorate of Saxony . At his suggestion, the Jülich-Klevian chancellor Johann Ghogreff (around 1499–1554) and the Jülich-Klevian court master Werner von Hochsteden-Niederzier (1499–1565) joined Nothausen in addition to their commitment to Duke Johann in the spring of 1533 III. take von Jülich-Kleve-Berg (1490–1539) into the service of Elector Johann Friedrich I of Saxony; Both returned the appointment at the request of the Saxon Duchess Sibylle von Jülich-Kleve-Berg in autumn of that year. In 1536, Elector Johann Friedrich I wrote about “wolgeborn our radt and dear faithful” Wilhelm II of Neuenahr. He was given service money for his work as an Electoral Saxon councilor; for 1541, for example, this was an amount of 476 guilders.

Since 1531 Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr was also in the service of the imperial city of Metz near his former rule Boulay. He and his uncle Dietrich IV. Von Manderscheid-Schleiden supported, in agreement with Johann Friedrich I of Saxony, the local Protestant party of the patrician and from 1533 lay judge Robert de Heu († 1577), seigneur de Malleroy ( Malroy ). As heir to his wife Anna von Wied, Wilhelm II made claims to the County of Rouffy in 1531 after the death of Karl II von Ligny and Brienne-Rouffy († 1530) .

Trip to england

In October / November 1531 Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr and the Jülich-Klevian Chancellor Johann Ghogreff were on behalf of Duke Johann III. von Jülich-Kleve-Berg spent twelve days on a diplomatic mission at the court of the English King Henry VIII (1491–1547), with whom they had three or four audiences. In London , Wilhelm II also spoke to the imperial ambassador Eustace Chapuys (1489–1556) and the Hessian envoy and later Württemberg chancellor Lic. Nikolaus Müller called Mayer (around 1485; † 1549). His report from Werl to Johann Friedrich I of Saxony about this trip, however, is diplomatic and not very informative. Presumably it was about the divorce of the king from Catherine of Aragon . There was also talk of a possible marriage of Prince Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg to Henry VIII's daughter Maria .

Promoter of Protestantism

In 1532 the humanist Dietrich Bitter († 1561) wrote to the Swiss reformer Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) that among the gentlemen who allowed the pure Gospel in their lands on the Lower Rhine , there was also the Count of Moers. Martin Bucer (1491–1551) dedicated his work “ Furbereytung zum Concilio ” to Wilhelm von Nassau and Wilhelm II von Neuenahr in 1533 , which called for an interdenominational dialogue. Wilhelm II von Neuenahr appointed Johann Uden (Udemius) as a Protestant preacher to the vicar of the Liebfrauen Altar in Moers and to his court preacher. Hendrik van Bommel († 1570), who was expelled from Kleve in 1536, got a job at the Moers School and got permission to preach.

At the Regensburg Reichstag of 1532, Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr, Dietrich IV. Von Manderscheid-Schleiden, Dr. Anton Hausmann, Dr. Bernhard von Hagen and Dr. Johann Lilie the Archbishop of Cologne, the Bishop of Münster and the Abbot of Prüm. In January 1533, Hans von Dolzig, Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr and Wilhelm von Nassau-Dillenburg met in Dillenburg on the electoral Saxon objection to the election of Ferdinand I. Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr and Wilhelm von Nassau concluded a preliminary marriage agreement in Koblenz in 1533 between Renatus of Châlon (1519–1544), the first Prince of Orange , who was educated at the court of Charles V, and Anne of Lorraine (1522–1568), daughter of Duke Anton II of Lorraine.

Kurkölner prescription at customs in Linz

Archbishop Hermann V. von Wied prescribed in 1533 Count Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr with the approval of the cathedral chapter 500 guilders on the customs in Linz . At the request of his late father-in-law Wilhelm III. von Wied and his brother-in-law, Count Johann III. († 1533), both gentlemen from Ysenburg and Runkel, assumed a debt of 10,000 guilders for claims that originated from the times of the Archbishops Ruprecht von der Pfalz and Hermann von Hessen ( Kölner Stiftsfehde ).

With Karl von Egmond (1467–1538), Duke of Geldern , Wilhelm II argued over customs at Tiel , pensions from the county of Kessel and the office of Krickenbeck , the Cracau house and the Krefeld rule from the inheritance of Count Vincenz von Moers- Saar Werden († 1499) or his in-law Wilhelm III. from Wied.

The secretary of Count Wilhelm II von Neuenahr was for a long time Georgen Syndorf (von Sindorf ); secretarius Georgien van Syndorff was the owner ( persona ) of the parish charter in Neukirchen ( Hochneukirch ) near Jüchen, assigned as a collator by Wilhelm II. von Neuenahr, and was represented there by Leonardt Schryver († 1560/75) as his permanent vicar ( perpetuus vicarius ).

Train against the Anabaptist Empire of Munster

Together with Abbot Matthias II von Thurre († 1543) of Knechtsteden Monastery , Wilhelm II von Neuenahr prevented in 1533 that the baptized Wassenberg preacher Gilles van Rothem (Gijs, Ghielis von Ratheim ) († 1536), who was called Muelstroe by Johann von Olmissen († 1541) was supported on Hall , was able to settle down as administrator with Hermann van der Arffe (Arft) on Arff near Hackenbroich . In July 1534, Hermann V von Wied and Wilhelm II von Neuenahr discussed the next steps in the siege of Münster with the imperial legate Johannes von Weeze , Archbishop of Lund, in Brühl . In 1534/35 Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr took part in the campaign against the Anabaptist Empire of Munster .

More diplomatic missions

In early 1535, Wilhelm von Nassau and Wilhelm II von Neuenahr received the order, on behalf of Emperor Charles V and his sister Maria of Hungary (1505–1558), to form an alliance with Kurköln, Saxony, Jülich-Kleve-Berg and the Landgraviate of Hesse negotiate. Emperor Charles V enfeoffed Wilhelm II von Neuenahr in 1535 as a Brabant fiefdom with all customs duties on the Maas ( Schleidener Zoll ). Thereupon in 1537 the bishop of Liège, Erhard von der Mark (1472–1538, reigned 1505), granted him the Maaszoll, which he had taken for a while. At that time, Charles V planned to have his niece Christina of Denmark (1521–1590), widow of Duke Francesco II. Sforza (1495–1535) of Milan, with Wilhelm II's son Hermann von Neuenahr the Elder. J. (1520-1578) to be married; however, the connection was not established. In 1535 Wilhelm II was enfeoffed by the Abbey of Werden with the rule of Friemersheim as the successor to the Moers counts .

In November Wilhelm von Nassau and Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr traveled to Vienna on behalf of Maria von Hungary to inform King Ferdinand I about Dutch affairs. Elector Johann Friedrich I of Saxony, who had arrived with the two of them in Vienna and had received the order there, between King Christian III. of Denmark (1503–1559, ruled 1534) and Frederick II of the Palatinate (1482–1556), who had married Dorothea of ​​Denmark (1520–1580) on September 29, 1535 and raised claims to her inheritance, sent Wilhelm II von Neuenahr in November 1535 to the Count Palatine in Heidelberg and on to Brussels to Maria of Hungary.

At the turn of the year 1535/36 Wilhelm II. "Von Nuwenar" took part in Neuss in the negotiations between Kurköln and Jülich-Kleve-Berg on questions of church organization and the preparation of a Cologne Provincial Council in 1536.

The Counts Wilhelm von Nassau and Dietrich IV. Von Manderscheid were active as arbitrators in 1537 in disputes between Duke Johann III. von Jülich-Kleve-Berg and Wilhelm II. von Neuenahr, who complained about the pledging of the villages of Paffendorf and Glesch ,

Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr warned Elector Johann Friedrich I of Saxony in a letter from Brussels in 1537 to Imperial Vice Chancellor Matthias von Held († 1563), who had traveled to the Bundestag of the Schmalkaldic League , and raised the moderate attitude of Queen Maria of Hungary in the Question of religion. In the fall of 1537, Wilhelm II of Neuenahr visited Elector Johann Friedrich I of Saxony in Weimar . He reported on the emperor's peace negotiations with France and a planned wedding between Prince Wilhelm of Jülich (1516–1592) and Christina of Denmark. He advised that Duke Johann III mediate between Electoral Saxony and the Kaiser. von Jülich-Kleve-Berg and recommended the inclusion of Geldrian cities in the Schmalkaldic League.

On the occasion of this trip, Wilhelm II von Neuenahr had his court preacher Johannes Udenus introduced to Martin Luther in Wittenberg by the elector . On the return trip, Wilhelm II took a letter from the Elector to Dolzig, which he handed over to Dolzig on January 3, 1538 in Breda . At the beginning of the dispute over the question of the Gelderian succession , Queen Maria of Hungary commissioned the land clerk Laurenz du Blioul, Seigneur du Sart († 1542), the imperial councilor Heinrich III. von Nassau-Breda to transmit reports of his brother Wilhelm von Nassau-Dillenburg and Wilhelm II von Neuenahr.

Memorandum for denominational understanding

Archbishop Hermann V von Wied with the owners of the hereditary court offices of the Hochstift Cologne, including Hereditary Steward Wilhelm II von Neuenahr and Hereditary Marshal Johann IX. von Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck, woodcut by Anton Woensam, 1538

In the summer of 1538 Wilhelm II von Neuenahr had gained the impression that he had successfully tried to balance the interests between Nassau-Dillenburg and the Landgraviate of Hesse (including the Katzenelnbogensche inheritance ), although this conflict actually continued to smolder. He asked his “nephew” (stepbrother) Floris van Egmond to persuade Emperor Charles V to come to an understanding with the “Lutterian princes” and wrote a memorandum about it : Dit is, op betteronck, myn kleyn bedencken . This is the only way to maintain peace in the empire and to ward off the Turkish threat . Wilhelm II von Neuenahr brought the idea of ​​“eyn gemeyn cristtellich conciliom ” and a conversation “vnder ougen” between Floris van Egmond and Philip I of Hesse into play, “it were zo Eyms sue wa it sus best situated”.

In October 1538 he was a guest at the wedding of Hereditary Marshal Count Johann IX. von Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (1513–1559), a distant cousin, with Countess Elisabeth von Henneberg-Schleusingen (1517–1577), who was directed to Hambach Castle by Duchess Maria von Jülich (1491–1543) .

In the spring of 1539, “Wilhelm took grave to Neuenar; Herr Hermann grave zu Neunar irer gnoden sone “participated in peace negotiations between the ambassadors of Emperor Charles V and the Schmalkaldic League ( Frankfurter Anstand ) at the Prince's Day in Frankfurt am Main . After stays in Brussels and together with Wilhelm von Nassau in Breda, Wilhelm II von Neuenahr asked Floris van Egmond in 1539 to mediate between the emperor and the new Duke Wilhelm V of Jülich-Kleve-Berg and Geldern , whose character he extensively appreciated. He sent Lubbert Godertsz as his messenger. Torck († 1546/48), Lord von Sinderen and Hemert , son of Margriet van Egmond († 1496), to Floris van Egmond.

In the disputes between Franz von Waldeck (1491–1553), the Bishop of Münster , and the Counts of Schaumburg-Holstein-Pinneberg over the imperial immediacy of rule Gemen , Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr acted as imperial commissioner in 1539/40.

In 1540, through Count Wilhelm's intercession, Christine Draetzen (Draitz, Dratz), who was sentenced to death by fire “vur ein ketzerse by the ketzemisteren”, was pardoned for expulsion from the city of Neuss.

Bundestag in Schmalkalden

Wilhelm II von Neuenahr, Dietrich IV von Manderscheid-Schleiden, who was absent due to illness, and Siebert von Löwenberg († after 1553) brought them to the Bundestag of the Schmalkaldic Confederation at the beginning of April 1540 on behalf of Cardinal Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle (1517–1586) In Schmalkalden, the emperor Charles V suggested comparisons. On behalf of the emperor, Wilhelm II urged the restoration of the spiritual property. A support for Duke Wilhelm V by the Schmalkaldic League, sounded out by Neuenahr and Manderscheid, would not come about without his formal conversion to Protestantism. In addition, Landgrave Philip I of Hesse, who at the same time tried to negotiate in secret to reach a contractual agreement with Charles V, was not really interested in the Duke's admission to the League.

During this Bundestag, Duke Philip I of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen , Count Wilhelm of Nassau, Wilhelm II of Neuenahr and Count Günter XL mediated . the Reich von Schwarzburg in a dispute over the coal trade between Albrecht VII von Mansfeld and his cousins.

The imperial councilor Cornelius de Schepper (1502–1555) was supposed to sound out the possibilities of an alliance of counts on the right bank of the Rhine with the Dutch governor Maria of Hungary through Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr and Wilhelm von Nassau.

Mr. von Krefeld and Cracau

After a settlement brokered by Chancellor Johann Ghogreff in autumn 1541 about mutual claims between Kleve and Moers, Count Wilhelm II von Neuenahr was enfeoffed on May 5, 1542 by Duke Wilhelm V of Jülich-Kleve-Berg and Geldern with Krefeld and Cracau Castle . In addition, the duke prescribed him 300 guilders on the customs at Orsoy in 1542 . In return, the county was mediatized . Wilhelm II recognized the Jülich-Klevian feudal sovereignty over Moers, renounced the imperial estates and, among other things, Gilverath - for which he was enfeoffed in return with the hamlets near Krefeld-Linn - and the customs at Homberger Werth ( Ruhrort ). But Nassau-Saarbrücken also continued to claim the County of Moers; the property disputes could not be resolved by a conference in Bingen .

In Moers, Count Wilhelm II. In 1542 forbade the Carmelites of the local monastery to hold masses on weekdays. He allowed the evangelicals to use the church and paid Lutheran pastors and teachers from the monastery income. After the Speyer Reichstag in 1542, he had to partially reverse the measures.

In 1542 Wilhelm II von Neuenahr and Johann Gropper were sent with a delegation from Cologne Archbishop Hermann V von Wied and Landgrave Philipp I von Hessen from Marburg , where they were staying in October, to Queen Maria of Hungary in Leuven for a To offer intervention in the dispute over funds between Emperor Karl V and Duke Wilhelm V of Jülich-Kleve-Berg and to negotiate a three to four month armistice. In February 1543 both delegates took part in the " Aachen Conference" between Burgundy and Jülich. In September they witnessed the submission of Wilhelm V von Jülich-Kleve-Berg to the emperor in the camp in front of Venlo , as a result of which the Duke of Geldern had to resign.

In 1543 Duke Wilhelm V mediated between Count Wilhelm II von Neuenahr and Oswald II von dem Bergh's -Heerenberg (1508–1546), who both claimed Krefeld and Cracau Castle. Oswalds II of Bergh's grandfather Oswald I von dem Bergh 's-Heerenberg (1442–1511), who had been married to Elisabeth von Moers (1442–1493) since 1456, had the possessions in 1484 in return for cash advances of 14,164 Rheinische Gulden received from his father-in-law Vincenz von Moers -Saar (1414–1499) as a pledge.

Wilhelm II von Neuenahr took his niece Yolande van Brederode (1525–1552) into his home in 1542 or 1543, when she and her husband Jacques de Bourgogne (around 1520–1556), Seigneur de Falais et de Bredam, were persecuted Protestants in moved to exile in Cologne. In 1543, "comes Nuenarius", on the recommendation of Johannes Caesarius (* around 1468, † 1550), acquired a copy of the new Latin Zurich translation of the Bible, which had been provided by Konrad Pellikan , Leo Jud , Theodor Bibliander , Petrus Cholinus († 1542), Rudolf Gwalther and Desiderius Erasmus the original texts. During the so-called “ Cologne Reformation ”, which Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr supported, Philipp Melanchthon discussed in July 1543 the draft of the Reformation ordinance “Einfaltigs Bedencken”, which he and Martin Bucer had written for Archbishop Hermann V von Wied in Bonn , with Wilhelm II . von Neuenahr and Dietrich IV. von Manderscheid.

At the beginning of 1544 Renatus von Châlon, Prince of Orange, commissioned Wilhelm II to negotiate with Landgrave Philip of Hesse about the Katzenelnbogensche inheritance. From late February to early May 1544, Wilhelm II and Johann Gropper represented the Orange in negotiations with the Landgrave in Speyer; Wilhelm II and his son Hermann stayed there on the occasion of the Reichstag in 1544 with the Electoral Cologne delegation. Renatus of Châlon fell on July 18, 1544 on a campaign by Emperor Charles V in Champagne , and Wilhelm II traveled to Brabant to organize his estate.

Caricature “The Pope speaks - Answer”, workshop of Lucas Cranach, 1545

When Luther's book, Against the Papacy , was distributed at the Worms Reichstag in 1545 , the illustrations from Lucas Cranach's workshop aroused particular offense, the Catholic-minded ambassadors distributed a letter from Wilhelm II von Neuenahr, in which the latter suggested that such printed works should only be larger Aroused resentment and annoyance to prohibit.

In the spring of 1546, Wilhelm II held talks with the Imperial Vice Chancellor Johann von Naves († 1547), because of a meeting between Emperor Charles V and Landgrave Philip I of Hesse on the trip to the Reichstag of Regensburg. The secret conversation took place on 28/29. March 1546 in Speyer.

Since 1546 Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr and his son Hermann took in the elderly humanist Johannes Caesarius regularly in the summer in Moers Castle and supported him with 130 guilders a year.

After the "Cologne Reformation"

Wilhelm II von Neuenahr and Dietrich IV von Manderscheid persuaded Hermann V. von Wied at the end of the “Cologne Reformation” to abdicate as Archbishop of Cologne on February 25, 1547. As a result of the abdication, Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr and his son Hermann guaranteed loans from Hauptrecht (Hubrecht) von Dinslaken (Dynsclagen), citizens of Cologne, and Alheid von Dinslaken, widow of Johann Key von Dinslaken, between 1547 and 1549 15,000 and 20,000 gold guilders at 5%. It concerned the assumption of debts of the former Archbishop Hermann V, for which Ludwig von Stolberg-Königstein (1505–1574) and his brother Heinrich (1509–1572) together with some Cologne citizens from the "Society of the noble." living self-walking water art ”. 1548/49 sold Wilhelm II. And Hermann of Neuenahr to the family Dinslaken (Dinschlachen) annual for a total of 8000 gold florins Gülten of 400 guilders from the slopes and income their dominions Bedburg and Rösberg and from the pledged to them by the Archbishopric of Cologne District Hülchrath. Lic. Konrad Dinslaken, a son of Alheid von Dinslaken, later tried to collect these debt claims from Hermann von Neuenahr.

After the Augsburg Reichstag of 1547/1548 , Wilhelm II corresponded with the Vicar General Eberhard Billick (1499–1557) of the Carmelites , who wanted to reverse the Reformation of the monastery in Moers in accordance with the Augsburg Interim .

In 1548, the county of Neuenahr asked the Reichshofrat for a reduction in taxes. From 1549 the Imperial Fiscal Court - probably Wilhelm Werner von Zimmer (1485–1575) - brought a lawsuit against Wilhelm II von Neuenahr, Gumprecht II von Neuenahr-Alpen and the Cologne Archbishop Adolf von Schaumburg (1511–1556) before the Imperial Court of Justice because they asserted an alleged exemption of the Graf- or Herrschaft Neuenahr from the imperial tax.

In 1550, Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr signed the "Cologne Hereditary Lands Association " of Archbishop Adolf von Schaumburg as the first of all noble fiefs . In 1551 he was mentioned in a letter from Emperor Charles V to the tax office Wilhelm Werner von Zimmer. In 1552 Wilhelm II. And Hermann von Neuenahr prescribed an annual pension of 150 gold guilders from their fiefdom at Orsoy for 3000 gold guilders to the Klevian councilor Dr. Jakob Omphal (1500–1567) and his wife Elisabeth von Bellinghausen. Also in 1552, Wilhelm II compared himself to Count Dietrich V. von Manderscheid (1508-1560) as heir of Count Kuno von Virneburg-Saffenberg († 1545) over a debt of 4,000 guilders, servicing it through an annual 5% pension of 200 gold guilders up to the final installment in 1565 was acknowledged by his son Hermann von Neuenahr.

Family and succession

After the death of Wilhelm II von Neuenahr, who died before August 24, 1552, his son Hermann von Neuenahr succeeded him as regent of the county of Moers. He was followed in 1578 by Wilhelm's son-in-law, Count Adolf von Neuenahr and Limburg (around 1554–1589), Herr zu Alpen, Helpenstein, Linnep and Hackenbroich, and in 1589 by Wilhelm's daughter Anna Walburga von Neuenahr (1522–1600).

In addition to Anna Walburga, Wilhelm II von Neuenahr had at least one other daughter († after 1567), because his son Hermann mentioned two sisters in 1567 who stayed with him in Moers and Bedburg. According to a report by Hermann von Weinsberg (1518–1597), the mother of Tilmann Iserenheuft (Isenhäupt, Eisernhaubt), who in 1566 after a dispute over the payment of an edition of the - papally forbidden - Colloquia familiaria des Erasmus of Rotterdam had committed physical injuries in the cathedral , the executioner escaped from the scaffold on Melaten and found refuge with Hermann von Neuenahr in Bedburg, was "a bastart van Nuwenar": "sin motter stunt whale with the grave". This mother would therefore be a half-sister or cousin of Hermann von Neuenahr, Tillmann a grandson of Wilhelm II von Neuenahr. In addition, Hermann von Weinsberg mentions in Liber Iuventutis "a jonfer, heisch Fridrich, a basterzdaughter van Nuwenar and Mors", which he and his own 10-year-old sister in Cologne's Augustinian hermit convent Maria Bethlehem in Römergasse (Reimersgass) encountered. This Friederike von Neuenahr and Moers can only have been an illegitimate daughter of Wilhelm II von Neuenahr and Moers in view of the surname ("und Mors").

During a visit to Neukirchen bei Jüchen on January 29, 1560, the parish sentence ( collature ) there was noted: "The count of Nuwenar is gifter and his natural son is verus pastor (= owner of the parish charter)". For reasons of age, it can hardly have been a son of Hermann von Neuenahr, but the comment will refer to a son of the late Wilhelm II von Neuenahr. In 1550, Wilhelm II. Secretary Georgen von Sindorf was named as the owner of this pastor's office. Hermann of Neuenahr tried in 1561 with his relative Count Wilhelm IV of the Bergh. 'S-Heerenberg (1537-1586) - the husband of his sister Maria of Nassau - a certain "Frans van Newenahr" the office of mayor in Stevensweert to gain . It is obvious to think of a natural son of Wilhelm II.

In 1573, in addition to Hermann von Neuenahr, another natural son of Wilhelm II von Neuenahr is mentioned without naming him. It is very likely to be "Caerll van Nuenar" († 1578/79), son-in-law of Peter van Beringen, Hermann von Neuenahr in 1561 opposite the chapter of St. Walburgis in Zutphen as his " maeg " (cf. Middle High German mâg : Blood relatives in the sidelines) issued a power of attorney and to whom he gave goods in the Geldrischen Amt Ede in 1567 . In 1563–1566, legitimation was obtained from the Imperial Court Council . In 1569, Karl von Neuenahr, together with the merchant Johann Mohr I (the Elder) († 1581), was involved in the release of the Abbot of Sint-Truiden, who was captured on the campaign of William I of Orange in 1568, in return for a ransom of 15,000 Carolus gulden, which was partially handled "in des von Neuenars Hoffe " in Cologne. In 1569 Carolus Neuwenarius was found in this courtyard by Theodor Pütz (Phraraeus) († after 1609). Claes called Egbert Morrhe († 1584) from Kampen - a nephew of the humanist Geert Morrhe (Gerardus Morrhius, Gérard Morrhy des Champs) († after 1556) - or his guardian ( momber ) Conraet van der Vecht (Coenraad van Vechte) led in in the 1570s before the feudal court in Bahr (near Zevenaar ) a trial against Caerl van Nieuwenaar for the deposit for the estate ter Eekt (Eket) near Elburg in the Veluwe . In 1572 Karl von Neuenahr stayed in Bedburg and offered Maria von Nassau (1539–1599) his services. In 1578 the Cologne council negotiated an "appellatio Caroli von Newenar contra Johan von Sittardt".

The grandchildren of Wilhelm II von Neuenahr were Hermann von Nuenar from Cologne, a single person from the nobility and employee of the printing works of Johann Wechel († 1593), who died in Frankfurt am Main and whose brother Hieronymus von Nuenar from Cologne claims to that in April 1590 His brother's inheritance claimed. "Harmen van Nuwenair" was a son of Carl von Neuenahr, the brothers Herman von Neuwena and Ieronimus van Neuwenar are mentioned together in the Cologne estate of Carle von Neuenahr in 1587, which concerns goods "at Elburch in Gelderen and Bethaw and located differently ”went. Schultheiss Hieronimus von Newenar was in 1589 the “custodian” of the Newenarian court in Cologne.

The family constellation is as follows: Wilhelm II von Neuenahr had been married to Countess Anna zu Wied and Moers (around 1500–1528) since 1518. He had children from marriage (1–2) and from other relationships (3–8):

1. Hermann von Neuenahr and Moers (1520–1578), since 1538 married to Countess Magdalena von Nassau-Dillenburg (1522–1567),
2. Anna Walburga von Neuenahr and Moers (1522–1600), engaged in 1540, married from 1546 to 1568 to Philippe de Montmorency, Count von Horn (1526–1568), since 1575 married to Count Adolf von Neuenahr and Limburg (around 1554–1589),
3. Friederike von Neuenahr and Moers (* around 1515/25; † after 1538, probably before 1567), 1538 Augustinian hermit in the Maria Bethlehem monastery in Cologne,
4. Karl von Neuenahr (* around 1520/35; † 1578/79), before 1550/60 married to N. van Beringen († before 1576) from Gennep , daughter of Peter the Elder. Ä. van Beringen. Karl von Neuenahr, occupied in Cologne between 1569 and 1578, widower in 1576, owned in Geldern, was Peter the Elder's brother-in-law. J. van Beringen († 1586), ⚭ 1541 with Johanna van Wylick († after 1587), and Lijffert (Lifford) van Beringen (* around 1542/45; † after 1606). Children of Karl von Neuenahr (from different mothers):
   1. Hermann (Harmen) of Neuenahr (* around 1555/65, † 1587), 1579 still a minor, printers in Frankfurt am Main, nephew of Johanna van Wylick that the court thoe Eycke (today street name Eikenhof ) in Oosterwolde in the Official Doornspijk from him inherited
   2. Hieronimus von Neuenahr (* around 1555/65; † after 1590), occupied in Cologne in 1587 and 1590, administrator of the Neuenahrer Hof in 1589
5. (Daughter, presumably identical to No. 6 or No. 3) N. von Neuenahr (* around 1515/35, † after 1567), recorded in 1567 with her half-brother Hermann in Moers and Bedburg,
6. (Daughter, uncertain, could also have been a niece or something similar) N. von Neuenahr (* around 1515/35, † after 1566), married to N. Iserenheuft, their son:
   1. Tilmann Iserenheuft (* around 1535/45, † after 1566),
7. (uncertain) Franz von Neuenahr (* around 1515/35; † after 1561, probably before 1573), 1561 of age,
8. (probably) (son, possibly identical to no. 7) N. von Neuenahr (* before 1535, † after 1560), owner of the parish priests in Hochneukirch.

swell

• Carl Adolph Cornelius : Correspondence between Duke Johann Friedrich von Sachsen and Count Wilhelm von Nuenar in the years 1529 to 1536. In: Zeitschrift des Bergisches Geschichtsverein 10 (1874), pp. 129–158 ( digitized at OpenLibrary); ders .: Correspondence between Elector Johann Friedrich von Sachsen and Count Wilhelm von Neuenahr in the years 1533 to 1536. In: Zeitschrift des Bergisches Geschichtsverein 14 (1878), pp. 109-136 ( digitized at OpenLibrary)
• Instruction by Elector Johann von Sachsen for Hans von Dolzig, regarding his advertising to Count Wilhelm von Nassau and Wilhelm von Nuenar . From the originals in the community archive in Weimar Reg. E. Fol. 37 No. 1. Bl. 121–123 [around March 15, 1530]. In: Karl Eduard Förstemann: Document book on the history of the Reichstag in Augsburg in 1530 , Volume I, Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, Halle 1833, pp. 49–51 ( Google Books )
• The Elector Johann von Sachsen to the Counts Wilhelm von Nassau and Wilhelm von Neuenar . From the Canzler's Brück Concept in the joint archive in Weimar, Reg. E. Fol. 37. No. 3. Pages 25. and 26. [8. May 1530]. In: Karl Eduard Förstemann: Document book on the history of the Reichstag in Augsburg in 1530 , Volume I, Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, Halle 1833, pp. 176–177 ( Google Books )
• Instruction by Emperor Charles V for the Counts of Nassau and Nuenar when they were sent to the Elector Johann von Sachsen . From the copy in the community archive in Weimar Reg. E. Fol. 37. No. 3. Pages 8–11 [24. May 1530]. In: Karl Eduard Förstemann: Document book on the history of the Reichstag in Augsburg in 1530 , Volume I, Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, Halle 1833, pp. 220–224 ( Google Books )
• Answer of the Elector Johann von Sachsen to the request of the Emperor made by the Counts of Nassau and Nuenar on May 24th . From the copy in the joint archive in Weimar Reg. E. Fol. 37. No. 3. Pages 31–39 [31. May 1530]. In: Karl Eduard Förstemann: Document book on the history of the Reichstag in Augsburg in 1530 , Volume I, Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, Halle 1833, pp. 224–235 ( Google Books )
• Letters from the Kaiser to King Ferdinand from July 21 and 29, 1531, declaration from the Counts of Nassau and Nuenar to the Kaiser from mid-July 1531, instructions from the Kaiser for the Counts from Nassau and Nuenar from mid-July 1531, the Kaiser to the Elector von der Pfalz from mid-July 1531. In: Karl Lanz (Ed.): Correspondenz Kaiser Karls V. From the royal archives and the Bibliothèque de Bourgogne in Brussels . Volume I 1513-1532 . FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1844, pp. 506–516 ( Google Books )
• Letters from Wilhelm II von Neuenahr to Floris van Egmond of June 26, 1538 from Bedburg and of June 14, 1541 [= 1539] from Arnheim; Dutch National Archives The Hague (Nassause Domeinraad: Stukken-related right en goederen van Anna van Buren , No. 1029, 504 and 575) = Twee remarkable letters from Graaf Willem van Nieuwennar to Floris, Mr. van Ijjselstein, 1528 [= 1538] and 1539 . Medegedeeld door den heer [Frederik H. C.] Drieling te Utrecht [letters of June 26, 1538 from Bedburg (with appendix Dit is, op betteronck, myn kleyn bedencken ) and of June 14, 1539 from Arnhem]. In: Kronijk van het Historisch Genootschap gevestigd te Utrecht. 7 (1851), pp. 113–121 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library, Munich)
• 541. Duke Wilhelm v. Jülich, Geldern, Cleve and Berg compare themselves to Count Wilhelm v. Neuenahr and Mörs and his sons Hermann on the various mutual demands. as well as because of the fiefs Crefeld, Crackau and the county of Mörs - 1541, November 30th. In: Theodor Joseph Lacomblet : Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine , Volume IV. Gustav Hermann Voss, Düsseldorf 1858, pp. 669–674 ( Google Books )
• Letter from Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr to Maximilian von Egmond dated August 2, 1543. In: Dutch National Archives The Hague (Nassause Domeinraad: Stukken concerning right en goederen van Anna van Buren, No. 1082, 1127)
• Letter from Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr from Hülchrath to Dietrich IV. Von Manderscheid-Schleiden of October 12, 1548. In: Nikolaus Reinartz: New documents on the history of Dietrich IV. Von Manderscheid-Schleiden . In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 135 (1939), pp. 82–93 ( online ; accessed on April 24, 2015)
• Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977 ( PDF , 6.19 MB, of the Landschaftsverband Rheinland)

literature

• Hermann Keussen: History of the city and the glory of Crefeld with constant reference to the history of the county of Moers . JB Klein, Krefeld 1865, esp. Pp. 281f and 290-301. ( Google Books )
• Carl Hirschberg: Wilhelm von Neuenahr. In: History of the County of Moers. 2nd Edition. August Steiger, Moers 1892, pp. 70–76 ( digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf)
• Paul Lucien Neve: The Rodemacher rule, disputed between the Counts of Wied and Neuenahr and the Margraves of Baden. A twenty year legal battle (1522–1542). In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine. 138, 1990, pp. 217-239.
• Hugo Altmann:  Neuenahr, Count of. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , pp. 106-108 ( digitized version ).
• Thomas B. Becker: Moers in the Age of Reformation (1500–1600). In: Margret Wensky (Ed.): Moers. The history of a city from the early days to the present. Volume I: From the early period to the end of the Orange period (until 1702) . Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2000, pp. 159–269.
• Nicole Kuropka: Wilhelm von Neuenahr († 1553). A forgotten ambassador of the Reformation. In: Monthly for Protestant Church History of the Rhineland. 52, 2003, pp. 49-65.
• Stephanie Marra , Ralf Blank, Gerhard E. Sollbach: Hagen. History of a city and its region . Klartext, Essen 2008.
• Rosemarie Aulinger, Silvia Schweinzer-Burian: Habsburg and imperial class presence on the imperial diets 1521–1555 . 2011 ( PDF ; 1.0 MB, Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences ).
• Joachim Daebel: The Reformation in the County of Moers 1527-1581 . (Neukirchen theology). Neukirchener, Neukirchen-Vluyn 2012

Remarks

1. ↑ Latin aquila is the "Aar" (eagle).
2. ↑ Married to Wilhelm II's great-aunt Johanna von Horn († 1467/69).
3. ↑ Also Aichorn, Ainkhurn, Eychorn, Unicornus and others. Ä .; from Nördlingen, 1539 to 1560 dean of St. Andreas and canon at Cologne Cathedral .
4. ↑ Also Hoestaden, Hoehsteden u. Ä., bailiff von Kaster, Grevenbroich and Gladbach, 1543 envoy to the Reichstag of Nuremberg, married to the songbook author Katharina von Hatzfeld -Wildenburg (* around 1521; † 1578).
5. ↑ From Wipperfürth, also Pikroneus, Scholaster at the Stiftsschule St. Ursula in Cologne, later a notary.
6. ↑ In 1540 another contract was concluded in Bar-le-Duc on the occasion of the marriage ; see. Johannes Arnoldi : History of the Orange-Nassau countries and their regents , Volume III / 2. Neue Gelehre Buchhandlung, Hadamar / Koblenz 1816, p. 278 ( Google Books ).
7. ^ Studied in Emmerich ( Embrica ) and Cologne.
8. ↑ From 1517 governor of Wassenberg, later ducal lieutenant governor of Heinsberg, housed Johann Campanus . Gilles van Rothem was his chaplain.
9. ↑ "Liber Turch" served in 1544 together with Wilhelm II's son Hermann of Neuenahr in. Third campaign against France ; see. the report by War Commissioner Antonius de Musica from Antwerp: Commentariolus rerum gestarum apud S. Digerium from Imperatore Carolo V ad Regem Angliæ Henricum VIII. (1544). In: Johann Burckhardt Mencke (Ed.): Scriptores rerum Germanicarum praecipue Saxonicarum , Volume I. Johann Christian Martin, Leipzig 1728, pp. 1289-1314, especially p. 1313 ( PDF ; 122 MB); Regest in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII , Volume XIX / 2 August-December 1544 (1905), pp. 272–321 ( digitized from British History online).
10. ^ From Zug, studies in Paris, 1535 pastor in Witikon, 1540 provisional at the Großmünster in Zurich, 1542 pastor in Schwamendingen.
11. ↑ The usual, “canonical” minimum age for assuming a pastor's position was 25 years.
12. ↑ From Valkenburg aan de Geul, Lic. Theol., 1586 to 1609 pastor at St. Aposteln in Cologne, professor of the Greek language.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hermann von dem Busche : De illustris et Generosi nouaquilae Comitis Guilhelmi obitu , ad Hermannum et Guilhelmum filios… hendecasyllabi, Nikolaus Caesar, Cologne undated [1518].
2. ↑ See contract of inheritance of the Walburg von Manderscheid and her relatives of July 24, 1499; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (110.28.00 Reichsgrafschaft Schleiden, documents no. 86); Document dated June 17, 1505; Landesarchiv NRW Westphalia Münster department (County Tecklenburg - Rheinische Urkunden, No. 91).
3. ↑ Cf. Jörg Rixner alias Rugen alias Jerusalem, Herold von Brandenburg, in: Heinrich Christian von Senckenberg : Collection of Unprinted and Rare Writings, To Explanation of the State of the Common Civil and Church Law , Vol. I. Johann Friedrich Fleischer, Frankfurt am Main 1745, p. 164 ( Google Books ).
4. ^ Cf. Friedrich Everhard von Mering, Ludwig Reischert: On the history of the city of Cologne on the Rhine. Volume II. Johann Wilhelm Dietz, Cologne 1838, p. 314.
5. ↑ Certificate of April 20, 1508. In Theodor Joseph Lacomblet: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine , Volume IV. Gustav Hermann Voss, Düsseldorf 1858, p. 613.
6. ↑ Document of January 10, 1520, Diez; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (inventory B 9 Grafschaft Solms-Rödelheim, documents).
7. ^ List and statutes of the members in Johann Jacob Moser: Teutsches Staats-Recht , Book III, 38th part, 183rd chapter. Bernhard Ehrenfried Vollrath, Leipzig / Ebersdorf 1744, pp. 369-380 ( Google Books ).
8. ^ Document dated August 24, 1512; Staatsarchiv Wertheim (inventory F-US 6 Grafschaft Virneburg - documents, no. 488).
9. ↑ Also, "Lediger" (= Bastard) of Manderscheid; Jules Mersch (Ed.): Biographie nationale du pays de Luxembourg , Fasc. 14, Vol. VII. Victor Buck, Luxemburg 1966, p. 423 ( PDF of the Bibliothèque nationale de Luxembourg). For the expression cf. Otto Titan von Hefner: Adelicher Antiquarius , Vol. I. Heraldisches Institut, Munich 1866, p. 344 ( Google Books ).
10. ↑ ⚭ I. with NN. von Otein, ⚭ II. Margaretha von der Ecken widowed von Cicignon from Trier.
11. ^ Peter Neu: History and structure of the Eifel territories of the House of Manderscheid . (Rheinisches Archiv 80). Röhrscheid, Bonn 1972, p. 321.
12. ^ Hans Virck (arrangement): Political Correspondenz der Stadt Strassburg , Vol. I. (Documents and files of the City of Strasbourg II / 1). Heitz, Straßburg 1882, No. 631, p. 380 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
13. ↑ Staatsarchiv Wertheim (F-Rep. 103 Grafschaft Virneburg - files and invoices, no. 270) and a.
14. ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (inventory 29G Herrschaft Kronenburg, document 161; inventory 54M, 06 family von Manderscheid zu Detzem , document 37) and a.
15. ↑ Lettre d'obligation du seigneur Jacque, comte de Hornes de la somme de cincq mil sept cent quinze florins au proffit du comte de Moeurs de l'an 1514 ; Archives nationales Paris (Fonds publics de l'ancien régime, Papiers du comte d'Egmont-Pignatelli, série T * 159 ⁵ ); Copies in the library of the National Archives The Hague (Depot 9 J 5) and in the Weert municipal archive (Aanwinsten niet-gemeentelijke archiefbescheiden en documentatie, D-281).
16. ↑ Cf. Günter Aders (arrangement): Documents and files of the Neuenahrer lordships and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977, No. 143, p. 50.
17. ↑ See document of August 6, 1516; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 2/15901).
18. ↑ See document of March 25, 1532; Staatsarchiv Wertheim (inventory F-US 7 Grafschaft Wertheim with Herrschaft Breuberg; Certificate No. 53; R-US Rosenbergisches Archiv, US 1532 March 25 and 1532 June 20).
19. ↑ See André-Joseph-Ghislain Le Gay (ed.): Negociations diplomatiques entre la France et l'Autriche. Volume I. Imprimerie Royale, Paris 1845, p. Cxlv ( Google Books ).
20. ↑ See trial files 1606–1619, therein: Excerpt from the marriage contract, 1518; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Reichskammergericht 291, Az .: B 635/2644); Copy in the Mons State Archives (BE-A0524.440 - 1809).
21. ^ Letter of December 12, 1525 from Augsburg; Leipzig University Library (Kestner Collection / II / A / I / 848 / No. 7).
22. ↑ See instructions from Queen Maria of Hungary for Imperial Vice Chancellor Johann von Naves from 1531; Karl Lanz (edit.): State papers on the history of Emperor Karl V .: from the Royal Archives and the Bibliothèque de Bourgogne in Brussels . (Library of the Literary Society 11). Literarischer Verein, Stuttgart 1845, No. XIV, pp. 70-73 ( Google Books ).
23. ↑ See files 1530–1543; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (holdings 171 Principality of Nassau-Oranien: files (old Dillenburg archive), B 489).
24. ↑ See also the trial of Count Wilhelm von Novae Aquilae (plaintiff) against the Count Palatine near Rhine as tutors of the Margraves of Upper Baden before the Mecheln court in 1542 regarding the dominium of Rhodenmarch (Rodemach) (with Unseldingen, Hesperingen and Reichersburg) ; Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main (Holzhausen Archive, files 55).
25. ^ Document of July 16, 1524; Staatsarchiv Wertheim (inventory F-US 6 Grafschaft Virneburg - documents, no. 527).
26. ↑ Document of October 18, 1528; Staatsarchiv Wertheim (inventory F-US 6 Grafschaft Virneburg - documents, no. 543).
27. ↑ Edmont of Robert: Un comte de Wied vassal de Lorraine. In: Bulletin mensuel de la Société d'archéologie Lorraine et du Musée historique Lorraine. 14, 1914, pp. 52–58, especially p. 56 ( digitized version of the Bibliothèque nationale de France Paris); Archives de Meurthe-et Moselle (B. 584-586).
28. ↑ Cf. Carl Müller: The last counts of Neuenahr-Moers (1519–1560) . In: Heimat-Jahrbuch for the district of Ahrweiler (1965), pp. 89–93.
29. ↑ See Karl Franz Meyer: Aachensche Histories. Vol. I. Karl Franz Meyer, Mülheim am Rhein 1781, p. 428 ( Google Books ).
30. ↑ See Hartmannus Maurus: Coronatio Caroli V. Caesaris Avg. apud Aquisgranum. In: Onofrio Panvinio , Michael Beuther (eds.): Inavgvratio, coronatio, electioqve aliqvot Imperatorum . Johannes Aubrius, Hannover 1613, pp. 65-102, especially pp. 89f, cf. P. 69 ( Google Books ).
31. ^ Bernhard Vollmer: The constitutional position of the county of Moers. In: Rheinische Heimatblätter. 6, 1929, pp. 223-228.
32. ↑ Cf. Articulen, so for the entry Ertzbischoff Herman demoted , July 14th 1522. In: Peter Alexander Bossart ( edit .): Securis ad radicem posita or thorough report loco libelli, where the city of Cöllen on the Rhine origin and inheritance clarify and cumbersome presented . Leonard Rommerskirchen, Cologne 1729, p. 229f.
33. ↑ See Johann Stephan Reck: History of the Count's and Princely Houses Isenburg, Runkel, Wied . Landes-Industrie-Comptoir, Weimar 1825, p. 151.
34. ↑ Cf. Armin Tile: Civil unrest in Andernach at the end of the 15th and beginning of the 16th century . In: Annals of the historical association for the Lower Rhine 70 (1901), pp. 31–42, esp. P. 39.
35. ↑ See Hermann Forst ( arrangement ): Gottfried Hatzfelds Chronicon Domus Nassavicae 1516–1586 . In: Nassauische Annalen 19 (1885/86), pp. 59-68, esp. P. 62 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
36. ↑ See Hans Limburg: The Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order and the Bailei Koblenz (sources and studies on the history of the Teutonic Order 8). Scientific archive, Bad Godesberg 1969, p. 178.
37. ↑ See receipt from 1525; Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (inventory 55A1 Deutschmeister and government of Mergentheim, 377); Secret State Archive Prussian Cultural Heritage Berlin (XX. HA, Ordensbriefarchiv, No. 26600); Walther Hubatsch (Ed.): Regesta Historico Diplomatica Ordinis S. Mariae Theutonicorum 1198–1525 , Volume I / 3. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1973, p. 410 (No. 26600).
38. ↑ Cf. Landesarchiv NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Kurköln, XIV Landstands, 658).
39. ↑ See above: De werksaamheden van het Generaal-capittel te Utrecht in 1524, sede Episcopali vacante. In: Archief voor kerkelijke en wereldsche divorced, inzonderheid van Utrecht. 1 (1838), pp. 1-16, especially pp. 10f ( Google Books ).
40. ↑ See Johann Schultze: The Walpoden von der Neuerburg and Herren von Reichenstein. In: Annals of the Society for Nassau antiquity and historical research. 38 (1908), pp. 104-197, especially pp. 178-180.
41. ^ Documents of May 4th and 5th, 1526; Baden-Württemberg State Archives, Wertheim State Archives (holdings F-US 6 Grafschaft Virneburg, documents no. 533, 534 and 614).
42. ^ Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Reichskammergericht, 2005 - Az. G 508/1604); Historical archive of the city of Cologne (Best. 210 Domstift, US / 1882 and 1887).
43. ↑ Main State Archives Düsseldorf (Kleve-Mark, files No. 2586).
44. ↑ ^{a b c} Thomas P. Becker: Moers in the Reformation time . Lecture ( PDF ; 49 kB, accessed January 22, 2013).
45. ↑ Cf. Karl Wilhelm Bouterwek : Sibylla, Electress of Saxony. In: Journal of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein. 7 (1871), pp. 105-164, especially pp. 115f ( Google Books ).
46. ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne (Best. 102 Schreinsurkunden Schöffenschrein, U 2/231).
47. ^ Document dated November 18, 1528; Landesarchiv NRW Westphalia Münster department (County Tecklenburg - Rheinische Urkunden, No. 98).
48. ^ Entry of August 1, 1527, Valladolid; see. Lothar Gross (edit.): The Imperial Register Books of Emperor Charles V , Vol. II. Gerlach & Wiedling, Vienna / Leipzig 1930, p. 65.
49. ↑ Cf. Jakob Carl Spener : Teutsches Ivs Pvblicvm or, des Heil. Roman-Teutschen Reichs full constitutional law doctrine , vol. V. George Marcus Knoche, Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig 1723, pp. 177-179 ( Google Books ).
50. ↑ See the following Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (inventory 171 Principality of Nassau-Orange: files (Old Dillenburg Archive), W 535); Sigismund Freyberger (= Sigismund Friedrich Wartmann): Germania Pertubata et Restaurata , vol. I. Johann Gottfried Schönwetter, Frankfurt am Main 1650, p. 338 ( digitized in the German text archive).
51. ^ Letter from Hans von Doltzig to Johann von Sachsen dated March 28, 1530 from Dillenburg. In: Karl Eduard Förstemann: Document book on the history of the Reichstag in Augsburg in 1530 , Volume I, Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, Halle 1833, No. 40, pp. 127–130 ( Google Books ); see. No. 16, 40, 62, 69, 79, 80, 85, 88, pp. 49-51, 127-130, 162-164, 176f, 220-235, 241-243, 247.
52. ^ Ernst Hermann Joseph Münch: History of the House of Nassau-Orange. Volume III. Jacob Anton Mayer, Aachen / Leipzig 1833, p. 194.
53. ↑ See Anonymus: Thorough Reformation History . Gottfried Zimmermann, Wittenberg 1717, p. 553.
54. ↑ Cf. Paul Pesel: Warhrachtyge vnd aigentliche verzaichnüs der… Künig Ferdinanden… Coronation to Aach . Singriener, Vienna 1531, unpaginated ( Google Books ).
55. ↑ See note from the beginning of June 1531; Karl Lanz (edit.): State papers on the history of Emperor Karl V .: from the Royal Archives and the Bibliothèque de Bourgogne in Brussels . (Library of the Literary Society 11). Literarischer Verein, Stuttgart 1845, No. XII, pp. 62–69, esp. Notes 12, 17 and 23 ( Google Books ); see. Note from 4th to 6th February 1532; No. XVIII, pp. 85-90.
56. ↑ ^{a b c} cf. Johannes Sleidanus : De statu religionis et reipublicae Carolo V. caesare commentarii . Peter Fabricius, Frankfurt am Main 1568, pp. 159, 257f and 413 ( Google Books ).
57. ↑ Cf. Karl Lanz (Ed.): Correspondenz Kaiser Karls V. From the royal archive and the Bibliothèque de Bourgogne in Brussels . Volume I 1513-1532 . FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1844.
58. ^ Letter from Wolfgang Capito to Huldrych Zwingli of August 16, 1531 from Strasbourg. In: Emil Egli, Georg Finsler (ed.): Zwinglis Briefwechsel , Volume V The letters from the beginning of July 1530 to October 1531 (Corpus Reformatorum 98), Heinsius, Leipzig 1935, pp. 573-575 (Ep. 1261).
59. ↑ Cf. Georg Mentz: Johann Friedrich the Magnanimous 1503–1554. Festschrift for the elector's 400th birthday. Volume I Johann Friedrich until he took office. 1503–1532 (contributions to the recent history of Thuringia 1). Fischer, Jena 1903, p. 147f, note 1.
60. ^ ^{A b} Letter from Elector Johann Friedrich from Weimar to Martin Luther dated March 24, 1536. In: Johann Georg Walch (Ed.): Dr. Martin Luther's Complete Writings , Volume XXI / 2. Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, Missouri 1904, p. 2050 (No. 2219); see. also letter from Elector Johann Friedrich from Weimar to Martin Luther of March 5, 1535. In: Martin Luther: Werke , Volume IV / 7 Correspondence 1534–1536 . ( WA IV / 7). Böhlau, Weimar 1937, p. 166.
61. ↑ Cf. Carl Krafft (arr.): Messages from the history of the Lower Rhine Reformation. In: Journal of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein. 6 (1869), pp. 193-340, especially p. 291.
62. ↑ Cf. Thuringian Main State Archive Weimar (Ernestinisches Gesamtarchiv, Reg. Bb (invoices), 4501, sheet 50); Uwe Schirmer: Saxon State Finances (1456–1656). Structures, constitution, functional elites. (Sources and research on Saxon history 28). Academy of Sciences, Leipzig, 2006, p. 469.
63. ↑ Cf. Otto Winkelmann: The share of the German Protestants in the church reform efforts in Metz until 1543. In: Year book of the Society for Lorraine History and Antiquity. 9 (1897), pp. 202-236, especially p. 210 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
64. ↑ See Emil Kleinwächter: The Metzer Reformation attempt 1542–1543. Volume I. (diss. Phil.). Marburg 1894, p. 25.
65. ↑ Cf. The old territories of the Lorraine district , Bd. IM Du Mont Schauberg, Strasbourg 1908, p. 71.
66. ^ Report by Eustace Chapuys to Emperor Charles V of December 4, 1531; House, Court and State Archives Vienna (Rep. P. Fasc., C. 227, No. 49); Regest in Calendar of State Papers, Spain , Bad IV / 2 1531-1533 (1882), pp. 317-335 ( digitized with British History online); see. Christoph von Rommel: History of Hessen. Volume IV. Johann Hermann Hampe, Kassel / Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1830, pp. 85–89 and note 99 (notes pp. 65f) ( Google Books ).
67. ↑ From Langenau, 1527–1534 Hessian council, since 1534 Württemberg chancellor, meanwhile in the service of the city of Augsburg, tomb in the collegiate church of St. Amandus in Bad Urach; see. Irene Pill-Rademacher: "To the benefit and good of the laudable universitet". Visitations at the University of Tübingen . Attempto, Tübingen 1993, p. 502.
68. ^ Letter of March 22, 1532; Carl Adolph Cornelius: Correspondence between Duke Johann Friedrich von Sachsen and Count Wilhelm von Nuenar in the years 1529 to 1536. In: Zeitschrift des Bergisches Geschichtsverein 10 (1874), ZBG 10 (1874), esp. Pp. 129-134.
69. ↑ See reply from Johann Friedrich I of Saxony to Wilhelm II of Neuenahr, undated [spring 1532]; ibid. Pp. 134-139.
70. ↑ Albert Müller: The Relationship of Henry VIII to Anna von Cleve . Oelschläger, Calw 1907, p. 22 note 9.
71. ^ Letter from Dietrich Bitter to Heinrich Bullinger from April 16, 1532 from Cologne; Carl Krafft (edit.): Messages from the history of the Lower Rhine Reformation. In: Journal of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein. 6 (1869), especially pp. 265-269 and 290-292 ( Google Books ).
72. ↑ Martin Bucer: Furbereytung zum Concilio, as all right Godsfor [ch] t ... Come to unity of Christian churches . Matthias Apiarius, Strasbourg 1533 ( Google.Books ).
73. ↑ See letter from Wilhelm Knüttel the Elder. Ä. to Philipp Melanchton on March 5, 1535 from Weimar. In: Heinz Scheible, Walter Thüringer (edit.): Melanchthons Briefwechsel Vol. IX addenda and concordances . Frommann-Holzboog, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 1998, No. 1548a, p. 100f; see. on No. 1567a, p. 102 ( Google Books ); Christine Mundhenk ( arrangement ): Melanchthons Briefwechsel , Vol. T VI texts 1395–1643 (1534–1535) . Frommann-Holzboog, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 2005, No. 1548a, p. 315f ( Google Books ).
74. ↑ Cf. Otto Meinardus: The Katzenelnbogische inheritance dispute . Volume I / 2. Bergmann, Wiesbaden 1899–1902, letters and documents 1518–1538 . J. F. Bergmann, Wiesbaden 1899, especially pp. 306-313.
75. ↑ ^{a b c} Deposit of the documents with Abbot Johannes V. Ingenray († 1563) von Hüls in Kloster Kamp according to documents from May 13th and August 7th 1549; see. Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, US / 16881; U 3/17130); Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (B 11 documents from the county of Stolberg-Königstein, 90 and 91); State Archives Magdeburg (Rep. H, VI No. 33). The documents deposited were used as security for further loans from the Dinslaken family in 1551; see. Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (B 11 documents from the county of Stolberg-Königstein, 95 and 108).
76. ^ Certificate dated November 13, 1533, issued in Poppelsdorf; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 3/16641).
77. ↑ On the “Moers pensions” in the Krickenbecker Rentamt cf. Peter Norrenberg: History of Glory Grefrath. At the same time a contribution to the history of the Geldrisches Amt Kriekenbeck . (Contributions to the local history of the Lower Rhine 4). Bädecker, Viersen 1875, p. 49 ( Google Books ).
78. ^ Landesarchiv NRW, Westphalia Münster department (Principality of Siegen, Landesarchiv - Akten, No. 1b.3); see. Letter from Wilhelm II of Neuenahr to Johann Friedrich I of Saxony from June 6, 1532 from Bedburg; Carl Adolph Cornelius: Correspondence between Duke Johann Friedrich von Sachsen and Count Wilhelm von Nuenar in the years 1529 to 1536. In: Zeitschrift des Bergisches Geschichtsverein 10 (1874), ZBG 10 (1874), esp. P. 140.
79. ^ "Nephew" of the Cologne "voice master" (councilor responsible for horses and warfare) Junker Peter Fürstenberg (1499–1559), litigated in 1539 about the "pfennincks miss (mass)" in the parish church of St. Jakob ; see. Entry by Hermann von Weinsberg for the year 1539 in Liber Iuventutis , pages 90–92 ( digitized version from the Department of Rhenish Regional History at the University of Bonn); Entry by Hermann von Weinsberg from 1578 to 1539 in Liber Senectutis , sheet 20 ( digitized version of the Department for Rhenish Regional History at the University of Bonn); Konstantin Höhlbaum (arrangement): The book Weinsberg. Cologne monuments from the 16th century. Volume I. (Publications of the Society for Rhenish History 3). Alphons Dürr, Leipzig 1886, pp. 134-138, 147, 299-301, 325 and 347.
80. ↑ See document of November 13, 1533; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 3/16642); also letter from Wilhelm II. von Neuenahr to Johannes Gropper dated February 9, 1543. In: Reinhard Braunisch (edit.): Johannes Gropper Briefwechsel , Vol. I 1529–1547 . (Corpus Catholicorum 32). Aschendorff, Münster 1977, No. 114, pp. 301–303, esp. P. 302: “… I have recommended Georgia to my writer” ( Google Books ; limited preview).
81. ↑ ^{a b c} Cf. Otto Reinhard Redlich: Jülich-Bergische Kirchenpolitik at the end of the Middle Ages and in the Reformation , Vol. II / 1 Visitation protocols and reports. Jülich (1533–1589) . (Publications of the Society for Rhenish History 28/2/1). Hanstein, Bonn 1911 (reprint Droste, Düsseldorf 1986), p. 280f.
82. ↑ See Johannes Heinrich Terboven: Local history, sagas and legends from the area of ​​the large community of Hückelhoven-Ratheim . Gillessen, Hückelhoven 1949 ( online excerpt from Hall House and its owners of the parish of St. Johannes d. T. Ratheim).
83. ↑ "uf blessed Witgen ( read edition: 'Leitgen' ) huss van der Arft"; Wittgen (Wytgen) van der Arffen is u. a. 1498, 1505, 1523, 1527, 1531, 1532 as a name.
84. ↑ See Confession of Jacob von Osnabrück (1534). In: Reports of eyewitnesses about the Munster Anabaptist Empire . (The historical sources of the Diocese of Münster 2). Theissing, Münster 1853, pp. 220-225, especially p. 223 ( Google Books ); Karl Rembert: The "Anabaptists" in the Duchy of Jülich . Gaertner / Heyfelder, Berlin 1899, p. 339f ( Google Books ).
85. ↑ Cf. The Archbishop of Lunden to the Kaiser , 1534. In: Karl Lanz (arr.): Correspondenz des Kaisers Karl V. , Vol. II 1532–1549 . Mr. 375, F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1845, pp. 100-112, especially p. 104 ( Google Books ).
86. ↑ See letter from Duke Philipp I of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen (1476–1551) to Elector Johann Friedrich I of Saxony dated August 5, 1534 from the camp in front of Münster . In: Heinrich Gresbeck: Reports of the eyewitnesses about the Munster Anabaptist empire . (The historical sources of the Diocese of Münster 2). Theissing, Münster 1853, p. 266f ( Google Books ).
87. ↑ See Johannes Arnoldi: History of the Orange-Nassau countries and their regents. Volume III / 1. Neue Gelehre Buchhandlung, Hadamar 1801, p. 189 note n ( Google Books ).
88. ^ Regest of 1535; Princely Archive Burgsteinfurt (inventory of the Moers archive from 1600); Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977, No. 945, p. 255, also No. 939, p. 253.
89. ^ Regest of 1537; Princely Archive Burgsteinfurt (inventory of the Moers archive from 1600); Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977, No. 951, p. 256.
90. ↑ Files about a planned marriage between Count Hermann von Nuenar (Neuenahr) and Duchess Christine, widow of Duke Franz Sforza of Milan , 1534–1538; Austrian State Archives Vienna (House, Court and State Archives, Habsburg-Lorraine House Archives, family files 20-5).
91. ^ Regest of a document from Abbot Johannes von Groningen († 1540) dated March 9, 1535; see. Hermann Keussen (edit.): Document book of the city and glory of Krefeld and the county of Moers. Volume IV. A. Fürst, Krefeld 1940, No. 5186; Wilhelm Stüwer (edit.): The dioceses of the church province of Cologne. The Archdiocese of Cologne , Vol. III. The Reichsabbey in Werden on the Ruhr . (Germania Sacra N.F. 12). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1980, p. 175.
92. ↑ See Bernadette Hofinger (arrangement): Die Korrespondenz Ferdinand I. , Vol. V Familienkorrespondenz 1535 and 1536 . (Publications of the Commission for Modern History of Austria 109). Böhlau, Vienna 2015, No. 942, p. 372f.
93. ↑ Cf. Georg Waitz : Lübeck under Jürgen Wullenwever and European politics , Vol. III. Weidmann, Berlin 1856, p. 534, cf. P. 256.
94. ↑ Cf. Georg Pfeilschifter (arrangement): Acta Reformationis Catholicae ecclesiam Germaniae concernentia saeculi XVI. The reform negotiations of the German episcopate from 1520 to 1570 , Vol. II 1532 to 1542 . F. Pustet, Regensburg 1960, p. 135f and p. 166 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
95. ↑ See Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Jülich-Berg II No. 2666; Rheda, files W 54); Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (inventory 170 II Principality of Nassau-Oranien: transcripts of documents, no. 1537).
96. ^ Letter of February 17, 1537 from Brussels; see. Otto Meinardus: The Katzenelnbogische inheritance dispute . Volume I2. Bergmann, Wiesbaden 1899-1902, especially p. 396; Jan Martin Lies: Between War and Peace. Political relations between Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous of Hesse and the House of Habsburg (1534–1541) . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2013, p. 354, note 73, cf. P. 318, note 267.
97. ^ ^{A b} See letter from Johann Friedrich I of Saxony to Hans von Dolzig from December 14, 1537 from Torgau. In: Georg Mentz (arr.): Johann Friedrich der Grossmütige 1503–1554 , Vol. III. Gustav Fischer, Jena 1908, pp. 362–366 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
98. ↑ See instruction of January 1, 1538 from Brussels; Karl Lanz (edit.): State papers on the history of Emperor Karl V .: from the Royal Archives and the Bibliothèque de Bourgogne in Brussels . (Library of the Literary Society 11). Literarischer Verein, Stuttgart 1845, No. LII, pp. 253-255 ( Google Books ).
99. ↑ Cf. Jan Martin Lies: Between War and Peace. Political relations between Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous of Hesse and the House of Habsburg 1534–1541 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2013, p. 363 Note 1.
100. ^ ^{A b} See letter to Floris van Egmond of June 26, 1538 from Bedburg; Kronijk van het Historisch Genootschap gevestigd te Utrecht 7 (1851), pp. 113-119.
101. ↑ Edition: "Neuemar" or "Neumar".
102. ↑ Cf. from the chronicle of the shoemaker's trade. 1504-1546. In: R. Jung (arr.): Frankfurter Chroniken and annalistic records of the Reformation period (sources on Frankfurt history 2), Carl Jügel, Frankfurt am Main 1888, pp. 10–26, esp. P. 14.
103. ^ Letter of June 14, 1539 from Arnhem; Kronijk van het Historisch Genootschap gevestigd te Utrecht 7 (1851), pp. 119–121.
104. ↑ Cf. Leo Maurits Gerard Kooperberg: Torck. In: Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek. Volume III. A. W. Sijthoff, Leiden 1914, Col. 1245f.
105. ^ Hans-Joachim Behr: Franz von Waldeck . Aschendorff, Münster i. W. 1996, p. 262.
106. ↑ The formation of feminine nouns agentis with the suffix -sa is a peculiarity of Rhenish .
107. ↑ Friedrich Lau (edit.): Sources on the legal and economic history of the Rhenish cities. Electoral Cologne cities I. Neuss . Hanstein, Bonn 1909 (ND Droste 1984) p. 44; Stephan Laux: Attempts at the Reformation in Kurköln (1542–1548) . (Studies and texts on the history of the Reformation 143). Aschendorff, Münster 2001, p. 120.
108. ↑ On him cf. Max Lenz:  Löwenberg, Siebert von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, pp. 314-316.
109. ^ See letter from Philipp Melanchthon to Martin Luther, around April 11, 1540 from Schmalkalden. In: Johann Georg Walch: Dr. Martin Luther's Complete Writings , Volume XVII. Concordia, St. Louis 1901, col. 353-355; Letter from Johannes Calvin to Guillaume Farel dated May 1540 from Strasbourg. In: Jules Bonnet (ed.): Letters of John Calvin. Volume I. (= Philosophy & Religious History Monographs. 116). Presbyterian Board of Publication, Philadelphia 1858, pp. 178-186, especially p. 180 ( Google Books ).
110. ^ Johann Friedrich I of Saxony, Philip I of Hesse: Des Churfurstenn zu Sachssen and Landtgrauen zu Hessen answer . s. n. [Sachse], s. l. [Erfurt] 1540 ( Google books ) = Responsio Qvam Nos Dei Gratia Iohannes Fridericvs Dvx Saxoniae Elector, Et Philippus, Landgrauius Hassiæ, re deliberata cum reliquis nobiscum coniunctis in causa Religionis, dedimus, ad instructionem quæ allata est Smalcaldini, nomine… Comitis de Manderschit, & Domini Guielmi Comitis Nouæ Aquilæ . Rhau, Wittenberg 1540.
111. ↑ Cf. Regest of April 7, 1540. In. Johann Georg Friedrich von Hagen: Coin description of the Count and Princely House of Mansfeld . Martin Jakob Bauer, Nuremberg 1778, p. 262 ( Google Books ).
112. ^ Letter exchange between Mary of Hungary and Charles V on February 23 and March 14, 1542; Edgar de Marneffe (arrangement): La Principauté de Liège et les Pays-Bas au XVIe siècle. Correspondances et documents politiques , Vol. II. Grandmont-Donders, Lüttich 1888, pp. 168 and 172.
113. ^ Landesarchiv NRW, Westphalia Münster department (County Tecklenburg, Rheinische Urkunden Nr. 100); Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Jülich-Berg II, no. 2709 and 2921; Kleve-Mark, files no. 4216; see under "Sources"); see. also disputes ... about grazing in the break between Kaster ... and Bedburg 1529–1542; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (holdings 171 Principality of Nassau-Oranien: files (old Dillenburg archive), B 491). Detailed description of the comparison in: Christian von Stramburg : Memorable and useful Rhenish antiquarian ... Dept. 3, Vol. 9: The left bank of the Rhine from Coblenz to Bonn . Rudolph Friedrich Hergt, Koblenz 1862, p. 546f. ( Google Books )
114. ↑ See files 1548–1551; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (holdings 171 Principality of Nassau-Oranien: files (old Dillenburg archive), p. 1238).
115. ↑ Cf. Alois Postina: The Carmelite Eberhard Billick. A picture of life from the 16th century . (Explanations and additions to Janssen's history of the German people 2 / 2–3). Herder, Freiburg i. Br. 1901, p. 31f ( Google Books ; limited preview); Regest of a letter from Wilhelm II. Von Neuenahr to the new Vicar General Eberhard Billick of July 2, 1542 from Hülchradt; ibid , p. 147.
116. ↑ See Wilhelm van Gulik: Johannes Gropper (1503–1559) . (Explanations and additions to Janssen's history of the German people 5 / 1–2). Herder, Freiburg i. Br. 1906, p. 89.
117. ↑ See letter from Hermann V. von Wied to Johannes Gropper of February 6, 1543. In: Reinhard Braunisch (arrangement): Johannes Gropper Briefwechsel , Vol. I 1529–1547 . (Corpus Catholicorum 32). Aschendorff, Münster 1977, No. 113, p. 301.
118. ↑ See report by the English diplomat Nicholas Wotton († 1567) to King Henry VIII of September 11, 1543 from Leuven. In: Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII. Volume XVIII / 2 August-December 1543. (1902), pp. 86-97 ( digitized at British History online).
119. ↑ Cf. Count Hermann von Neuenahr to Melanchthon . September 21, 1543. In: Otto Waltz (arr.): Epistolae Reformatorum. III. In: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte 4 (1881), pp. 287–299, esp. Pp. 295–297 ( digitized in the Internet Archive).
120. ^ Main State Archives Düsseldorf (Kleve-Mark, files no. 4505); see. Letter of June 9, 1530 ( pandschap van Craickouwen ); Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers Doetinchem (0214 Briefregestenlijst Huis Bergh, Toegang 0214, Inv.nr. 302).
121. ↑ See Hermann Keussen: History of the city and glory Crefeld with constant reference to the history of the county of Moers . JB Klein, Krefeld 1865.
122. ↑ See Olivier Millet: Calvin et la France . (Bulletin de la Société de l 'Histoire du Protestantisme Français 155). Société de l'Histoire du Protestantisme Français, Droz 2009, p. 106.
123. ↑ Cf. letter from Martin Bucer to Konrad Hubert in Strasbourg from August 6, no year [1542? 1543?]; Willem Frederik Dankbaar: Martin Bucer's Relations with the Netherlands . (Kerkhistorische Studiën 9). Springer, Dordrecht 1961, p. 30 Note 1.
124. ↑ Konrad Pellikan (ed.): Biblia sacrosancta Testamenti Veteris & Novi . Christian Froschauer the Elder Ä., Zurich 1543; see. Letter from Johannes Caesarius to Heinrich Bullinger dated August 29, 1543 ( digital copy from the Institute for the History of the Swiss Reformation); in the edition - probably wrongly - on Hermann von Neuenahr the Elder. J. related.
125. ^ See letter from Martin Bucer in Bonn to Jakob Sturm in Nuremberg of February 25, 1543; see. Otto Winckelmann (arr.): Political Correspondence of the City of Strasbourg , Vol. III 1540–1545 . Trübner, Strasbourg 1898, p. 356f.
126. ↑ See Hermann von Wied: Einfaltigs Bedencken. threw a Christian Reformation, founded in the Word of God, on the doctrinal practice of the Holy Sacraments ... bit on one ... Nationals Concilij ... improvement ... seye. Laurenz von der Mühlen (Mylius), Bonn 1543 ( digitized version of the Johannes a Lasco Library Emden).
127. ↑ See letter from Philipp Melanchthon from Bonn to Johannes Caesarius in Cologne of July 25, 1543. In: Melanchthons Briefwechsel. ed. by Heinz Scheible and Christine Mundhenk, Volume XII. Frommann-Holzboog, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 2011, p. 278f (No. 3282)
128. ^ Document of January 25, 1544; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (Principality of Nassau-Oranien, documents (170 I), no. 3786); see. Otto Meinardus: The Katzenelnbogische inheritance dispute . Volume I / 1-II / 2. Bergmann, Wiesbaden 1899–1902.
129. ↑ Cf. Christoph von Rommel: Philipp der Großmüthige, Landgrave of Hesse. Volume II. Georg Friedrich Heyer, Gießen 1830, p. 467 ( Google Books ).
130. ↑ Cf. Johannes Michael Cornachinius: Description of the Stende des Hei. Roman Empire… At the current Reichstag in Speyer . Hermann Gülfferich, Frankfurt am Main 1544 ( Google Books ).
131. ↑ See Johannes Arnoldi: History of the Orange-Nassau Lands and their Regents , Volume III / 2. Neue Gelehre Buchhandlung, Hadamar / Koblenz 1816, p. 89.
132. ↑ Martin Luther: WJder das Babstum zů Rom vom Teüfel stifft . O. O. 1545 [edition without illustrations] ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
133. ↑ Cf. Friedrich Siegemund Keil: Des blessed witnesses of God, D. Martin Luthers, strange living conditions. Volume IV. Friedrich Gotthold Jacobäer, Leipzig 1764, p. 230.
134. ↑ Cf. Friedrich Küch (edit.): Political archive of Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous of Hesse . (Publications from the K. Prussian State Archives 78), Volume IS Hirzel, Leipzig 1904, p. 535f ( digitized at OpenLibrary).
135. ↑ See report of the English diplomat Christopher Mont († 1572) to Henry VIII of March 30, 1546. In: Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII. Volume XXI / 1 January-August 1546. (1908), pp. 216-251 ( digitized from British History online).
136. ^ See letter from Johannes Caesarius to Heinrich Bullinger from March 1546 from Cologne; Carl Krafft (edit.): Messages from the history of the Lower Rhine Reformation. In: Journal of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein. 6 (1869), especially p. 329 ( Google Books ); Letter to Johannes a Lasco from May 20, 1548 from Moers; Simon Abbes Gabbema: Epistolarum from Illustribus & Claris Scriptarum Centuriae tres . Hero Galama, Harlingen 1664, pp. 130f ( Google Books ).
137. ↑ Cf. Friedrich August Eckstein :  Caesarius, Johannes . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 689-691.
138. ↑ See documents of May 9, 1547, February 2, 1548 (not preserved), August 9, 1548 and May 26, 1549; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 3/17059 and 3/17060; see also U 2/17099, 2/17119, 2/17120 and 2/17121); Main State Archive Wiesbaden (holdings 1 Reichskammergericht, No. 1400 and No. 2168; holdings 171 Old Dillenburg Archive, No. W 522); Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (B 11 documents of the county of Stolberg-Königstein, No. 89 and No. 103).
139. ↑ See Jörg Brückner: Nobility and mining. The Counts of Stolberg as early coal and steel entrepreneurs at the beginning of the early modern period. In: Eva Labouvie (Ed.): Aristocracy in Saxony-Anhalt . Böhlau, Cologne 2007, pp. 269-292, especially pp. 280f.
140. ↑ Documents of May 9, 1548 (twice) and August 7, 1549; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (B 11 documents from the county of Stolberg-Königstein, No. 91, 92 and 112 [wrong date: Wilhelm II had already died in 1558, correct: 1548] = 186); State Archives Magdeburg (Rep. H, VI No. 33).
141. ↑ See documents of March 16 and May 18, 1560; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 228 Karmeliter, U 3/228 and 229).
142. ↑ Cf. Alois Postina: The Carmelite Eberhard Billick. A picture of life from the 16th century . (Explanations and additions to Janssen's history of the German people 2 / 2–3). Herder, Freiburg i. Br. 1901, pp. 185f ( Google Books ; limited preview).
143. ↑ See House, Court and State Archives Vienna (resolution protocols of the Reichshofrat XVI / 2c, sheet 71).
144. ↑ See Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Reichskammergericht, 288 - Az. B 616/2625, sheets 106-113, and 1847 - Az. F 647/2676).
145. ^ Letter of April 9, 1551 from Augsburg; Leipzig University Library (Collection Kestner / II / A / I / 847 / No. 24).
146. ↑ See Hermann Keussen (arr.): Document book of the city and glory Krefeld and the county of Moers. Volume IV. A. Fürst, Krefeld 1940, p. 46 (No. 5473) and 53 (No. 5495); see. also Historical Archive of the City of Cologne (U 2/17234).
147. ↑ See documents of March 16 and November 26, 1552, February 2, 1553, March 4, 1555, August 6 and December 2, 1556 and February 14, 1565; Wertheim State Archives (F-Rep. 103 Grafschaft Virneburg, No. 250, 604, 607, 619, 623, 643 and 2163).
148. ↑ Cf. Theodor Joseph Lacomblet: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine , Volume IV. Gustav Hermann Voss, Düsseldorf 1858, p. XXIV ( Google Books ).
149. ↑ See letter Le Comte H. de Nuenar au Comte Jean de Nassau. Sur une assemblée à Dusseldorp et un Edit du Duc de Clèves Conte les Calvinistes (January 7, 1567 from Moers). In: Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer (ed.): Archives ou correspondence inédite de la Maison d'Orange-Nassau , Volume III 1567–1572 . S. u. E. Luchtmans, Leiden 1836, pp. 10–12, esp. P. 12: “mitt… both my sisters” ( Google Books ), cf. P. 15f: "to become our sisters ...".
150. ↑ See entry by Hermann von Weinsberg on September 6, 1566 in Liber Iuventutis ; Konstantin Höhlbaum (editing): The book Weinsberg , Volume II (publications of the Society for Rhenish History 4). Alphons Dürr, Leipzig 1887, pp. 153–155, esp. P. 155 ( Google Books ; limited preview); Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 310E Reichskammergericht - letters E, A 28).
151. ↑ See Konstantin Höhlbaum (arrangement): Das Buch Weinsberg , Alphons Dürr, Leipzig 1887, Vol. I, p. 133.
152. ^ Letters from Wilhelm IV von dem Bergh to Hermann von Neuenahr, undated, and to his “cousin” dated April 11, 1561; Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers (Briefregestenlijst Huis Bergh, 5246 and 5408).
153. ↑ Cf. Carl Hirschberg: Wilhelm von Neuenahr. In: History of the County of Moers. 2nd Edition. August Steiger, Moers 1892, pp. 70–76, p. 80.
154. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Cf. Regesten of February 22, 1575, December 7, 1579 and March 25, 1587; Willem Wijnaendts van Resandt, Jacobus Simon van Veen: Register op de leenen of the bannerheerlijkheid Baer . S. Gouda Quint, Arnheim 1926, p. 10 with note 1 ( digitized from Delpher).
155. ^ Document dated February 10, 1561; Regionaal Archief Zutphen (0325 Kapittel van Sint Walburgis, No. 566); see. Act of October 10, 1564 (No. 570); Case file of 1567; Gelders Archief (Hof van Gelre en Zutphen, No. 4959).
156. ^ Document of March 1, 1567; Gelders Archief (0465 Hoff family, 27, see 29 and 33).
157. ^ Newenar, Karl von, legitimationes of March 4, 1563 and May 28, 1566 ; Austrian State Archives Vienna (House, Court and State Archives, Reichshofrat, Restitutiones natalium ac legitimationes 5-3-7).
158. ↑ See Bernhard Ruthmann: The religious trials at the Reich Chamber of Commerce (1555-1648). An analysis based on selected processes . (Sources and research on the highest jurisdiction in the Old Kingdom 28). Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 1996, p. 100f.
159. ↑ ^{a b} Cf. Peter Arnold Heuser: On the history of the Codex Argenteus in the 16th century. Addenda. In: Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter. 69 (2005), pp. 133-153, especially pp. 146f.
160. ↑ Mayor of Kampen, signed the “Union of Brussels” in 1577, brother-in-law of the Mayor of Kampen Arend toe Boecop († around 1580).
161. ↑ See Abraham Jacob van der Aa: Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden , Vol. IV. Jacob Noorduyn, Gorichem 1845, p. 123 ( Google Books ); today street name Hof Ter Eekterweg in Oldebroek- Oosterwolde.
162. ↑ Cf. Regest of March 1, 1569. In: Philip Christiaan Molhuysen (edit): Register van Charters en Bescheiden in het Oude Archief van Kampen , Vol. III. K. van Hulst, Kampen 1864, No. 2307, p. 155 ( Google Books ); Gelders Archief Arnhem (0124 Hof van Gelre en Zutphen, Civiele procesdossiers, hoofdreeks, 1630 (= 1570) no. 5121, 1577 no. 498 and 1578 no. 4991; here: Gut "Eyck [t]").
163. ^ Letter of April 27, 1572; Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers (0214 Huis Bergh, 6071).
164. ↑ ^{a b} cf. Josef Benzing: The book printer Wilhelm Antonius zu Hanau (1593-1611) as a mediator of English literature. In: Dennis E. Rhodes (Ed.): Essays in honor of Victor Scholderer . Karl Pressler, Mainz 1970, pp. 68–89, especially p. 70 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
165. ↑ Cf. Historical Archive of the City of Cologne (Briefbücher, No. 105, sheets 59f); Peter Arnold Heuser: On the history of the Codex Argenteus in the 16th century. Addenda. In: Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter. 69 (2005).
166. ↑ Cf. Joseph Greving (arrangement): Tax lists of the parish S. Kolumba in Cologne In: Mitteilungen aus dem Stadtarchiv von Köln 12 (1902), pp. 1–176, esp. P. 127 ( digitized at Internet Archive).
167. ↑ Cf. also Félix-Victor Goethals: Dictionnaire généalogique et héraldique des familles nobles du Royaume de Belgique. Volume III. Polack-Duvivier, Brussels 1850, p. 131: "Guillaume, comte de Nieunaer et de Meurs, laissa aussi deux bâtards" ( Google Books ).
168. ↑ See letter from Anna von Egmond to her brother Maximilian van Egmond of December 7, 1540; Frederik Hendrik Cornelis Drieling: Verzameling van brieven van Anna van Egmont aan hair broeder Maximilian van Egmont . In: Kronyk van het historically gezelschap te Utrecht 8 (1852), pp. 45-74, No. IX, pp. 60f ( Google Books ).
169. ^ Document of June 3, 1576; Gelders Archief (0465 Hoff family, 29).
170. ↑ Parents of the armorer Pierre de Beringhen († 1619); see. Marc Mees, Gilbert Huybens: Nederlandse klanken in Parijs anno 1600 . In: Relicta 10 (2013), pp. 239–274, especially pp. 254f ( digital copy at docplayer.nl).
171. ↑ Also Lyffert van Beruigen, 1560 is enrolled Liffordus Beringen Gennepensis in Cliviae ducatu in Geneva; see. Jan Gerard Jakob Booma: Communio clandestina: Archives of the consistory of the secret Dutch reformed refugee communities in Goch and Gennep in the Duchy of Kleve 1570 - circa 1610 , Bd. II. Habelt, Bonn 2011, p. 206f and ö.
172. ↑ Mention is made of the Frankfurt decency (“auescheyde zo Franckfort”) recently adopted (on April 19, 1539) and the upcoming religious discussion in Nuremberg called “in the first vam Augest” (August 1, 1539).
173. ↑ Frederik Hendrik Cornelis Drieling (1805-1855), lawyer in Utrecht, historians, politicians and painters; see. Zuidema: Drieling. In: Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek , Volume VA W. Sijthoff, Leiden 1921, Sp. 142f.

predecessor	Office	successor
Wilhelm I.	Count of Neuenahr-Bedburg-Rösberg 1497–1552	Hermann
William III. von Wied and Moers	Count of Moers 1519–1552	Hermann