Theodor Bibliander

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Theodor Bibliander (1669)
Bibliander 1550
painting by Hans Asper

Theodor Bibliander ( Greek from Buchmann ; * 1505/06 in Bischofszell ; † September 26, 1564 in Zurich ) was a Reformed theologian, orientalist and linguist .

Live and act

Theodor Bibliander was born in Bischofszell as the son of the councilor and mayor Hans Buchmann. From 1520 he attended the Latin school of Oswald Myconius in Zurich , where he also learned the Hebrew and Greek languages . In doing so, he was able to gain his recognition, which made him his assistant in 1525. In 1526 he went to Basel to perfect his studies of theology and oriental languages with Konrad Pellikan and Johannes Oekolampad . On the recommendation of Ulrich Zwingli , he became a teacher of rhetoric and the Hebrew language at the university in Liegnitz from 1527 to 1529 .

After a long stay with his brother Heinrich in Rohrdorf in the county of Baden , he returned to Zurich in 1531 to take over the professorship of the late Zwingli in the Grossmünster on March 24, 1532. In the same year he married Rosine Rordorf (1515–1564), a Zurich woman from a prominent family, of the seven children almost all died in the plague of the 1560s. From then on he held lectures on the Old Testament at the theological faculty . His contemporaries admired his language skills and Heinrich Bullinger particularly praised his interpretation of the prophets. He took a lively part in all kinds of theological and ecclesiastical negotiations and resolutely upheld Zwingli's legacy. Bibliander achieved special recognition as an excellent philologist and biblical interpreter, and his lectures were widely distributed through the postscripts of his students. Finally, in 1546, he was granted citizenship of the city of Zurich.

Bibliander was particularly distinguished by his extensive knowledge of the Hebrew language. On the basis of the Latin translation by Robert von Ketton, he prepared the first printed edition of the Koran , which appeared in Basel in 1543 . To this end, he continued the translation of the Bible begun by Leo Jud . He has written archaeological works on Jerusalem and the temple, and historical studies on the apostasy of the Jews from Christ .

As a language theorist , he is important because of his attempt to work out the similarities between religions by comparing languages. Theologically he was in conflict with the views of Johannes Calvin . Bibliander Peter Martyr Vermigli , who had been professor of Hebrew in Zurich since July 1556 and gave lectures on the doctrine of predestination , contradicted this in particular . Bibliander represented the views of Erasmus of Rotterdam , not those of the Reformed Church. As a result of the dispute with Vermigli, Bibliander was retired on February 8, 1560. He died of the plague in 1564 .

Selection of works

  • Oratio Theodori Bibliandri Ad Enarrationem Esaiae Prophetarum Principis. Christoph Froschauer , Zurich 1532. ( urn : nbn: de: gbv: 9-g-3091211 )
  • Institutionum grammaticarum de lingua Hebraea liber unus . Christoph Froschauer d. Ä., Zurich 1535.
  • De optimo genere grammaticorum Hebraicorum . Hieronymus Curio, Zurich 1542.
  • Machumetis Saracenorum principis eiusque successorum vitae ac doctrina ipseque Alcoran . Johannes Oporin , Basel 1543 ( unibas.ch ).
  • Relatio fidelis . Johannes Oporin, Basel 1545.
  • De ratione communi omnium linguarum et litterarum commentarius . Christoph Froschauer the Elder Ä., Zurich 1548 ( google.com ).
  • De ratione temporum, . Johannes Oporin, Basel 1551.
  • Temporum a condito mundo usque ad ultimam ipsius aetatem supputatio . Johannes Oporin, Basel 1558.
  • Theodor Bibliander: Le Coran à la Renaissance. Plaidoyer pour une traduction . Introduction, traduction et notes de Henri Lamarques. Ed .: Henri Lamarque. Presses universitaires du Mirail, Toulouse 2007, ISBN 978-2-85816-876-7 (Latin: Apologia pro editione Alcorani . Translated by Henri Lamarque).

literature

Web links

Commons : Theodor Bibliander  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kurt Jakob Rüetschi: Bildgedichte Rudolf Gwalter. A source for evidence and dating of works of art in Zurich . In: Hans Ulrich Bächtold (ed.): From Cyprian to roller stamping. Highlights of the Zurich spirit and culture of the Bullinger era. Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schnyder on his 70th birthday . Zurich 2001, p. 145-229 .
  2. ↑ Christine Christ von Wedel : Theodor Bibliander in his time . In this. (Ed.): Theodor Bibliander (1505-1564) . Zurich 2005, pp. 32–35.
  3. ^ Ernst Stähelin : Theodor Bibliander's biblical lectures in a copy of his brother Heinrich Bibliander , 1942.
  4. ^ M. Steinmann: Johannes Oporinus. A Basel book printer around the middle of the 16th century . (Basel Contributions to the Study of History 105). Basel 1967, pp. 20-32.
personal data
SURNAME Bibliander, Theodor
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Theodor Buchmann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss Reformed theologian, orientalist, reformer
DATE OF BIRTH 1505 or 1506
PLACE OF BIRTH Bischofszell
DATE OF DEATH September 26, 1564
Place of death Zurich