Philip I (Braunschweig-Grubenhagen)
Philip I, Duke of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen (* 1476 ; † September 4, 1551 in Herzberg ), from the Welfen family , was a prince in the Principality of Grubenhagen .
biography
He was the second son of Duke Albrecht II of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen and his wife Elisabeth, nee. Countess of Waldeck .
After the death of his father in 1485 he was initially under the tutelage of his cousin Heinrich and his mother Elisabeth. As early as 1486, however, he also appeared in a document himself. He took over the government in 1494. In 1510, during his rule, Herzberg Castle was almost completely destroyed in a fire. In gratitude for their help with the fire and reconstruction, Philip I allowed the citizens of Herzberg to hold shooting festivals and gave them a silver chain with a silver stag. The Herzberger Schützengesellschaft eV from 1538 is the oldest association of Herzberg citizens. In the winter of 1513/14 he supported Heinrich I (Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel) in his campaign and received the knighthood from Duke Georg the Bearded . After the childless death of his cousin Heinrich IV (Braunschweig-Grubenhagen) in December 1526, Philip inherited his part of the principality of Grubenhagen and was able to unite the entire territory of the principality under one hand for a long time.
Philip was one of the first princes to be among the supporters of the Reformation . He was already present at the Diet of Worms in 1521 and joined the Torgau Bund in 1526 . Together with other princes he concluded the Schmalkaldic League in 1531 . He then reformed the monasteries in his principality, issued a church ordinance for his principality in 1538 and declared the papal doctrine to be abolished. 1546 took part with his sons in a campaign in the Schmalkaldic War in southern Germany, which ended unsuccessfully before Ingolstadt . He first drew the ire of Emperor Charles V in coming. After the complete defeat of the Evangelicals, he was released from punishment in 1548 and reinstated in the old state.
Philipp was the last of the representatives of the House of Grubenhagen to carry the title "Duke of Braunschweig". It was only his successors who carried the title "Duke of Braunschweig and Lüneburg", which is customary for the Guelph princes. After his death in 1551 he was first followed by his son Ernst in the government, after his death in 1567 Philip's son Wolfgang followed. When he died in 1595 without male descendants, Philip's son of the same name followed . With his childless death the following year, the Grubenhagen line of the Guelphs died out.
He was buried in the church of St. Aegidien in Osterode am Harz .
progeny
Philip I was married twice. He had a child with the first wife. She probably died in childbed in 1509.
- Philip (1509-1512)
He then married Katherine von Mansfeld (born October 1, 1501, † 1535).
- Ernst III. (IV.) (* December 17, 1518; † April 2, 1567), Duke of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen (1551–1567) ∞ Anne Margaret of Pomerania-Stettin
- Elisabeth (March 18, 1520; † 1520)
- Albrecht (born October 20, 1521; † October 20, 1546, died near Giengen)
- Philipp (10 June 1523; † 1531)
- Katherin (born August 30, 1524; † February 24, 1581) ∞ Johann Ernst Duke of Saxe-Coburg; ∞ Philip II, Count of Schwarzburg-Leutenberg
- Johann (born May 28, 1526 - died September 2, 1557 in the Battle of Saint-Quentin , France)
- Barbara (January 25, 1528; † 1528)
- Wolfgang (April 6, 1531 - May 14, 1595), Duke of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen (1567–1595) ∞ Dorothea von Sachsen-Lauenburg
- Philip II (May 2, 1533 - April 4, 1596), Duke of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen (1595–1596) ∞ Clara of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
literature
- Paul Zimmermann: The Braunschweig-Grubenhagen house. Wolfenbüttel 1911.
- Paul Zimmermann: Philip I, Duke of Braunschweig and Lüneburg . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 762-764.
- Josef Ferdinand Damberger: Prince table of states history. 1831, p. III.
Web links
- Information about Philip I at Welfen.de
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Albrecht II. |
Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Prince of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen 1494–1551 |
Ernst IV. |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Philip I. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Philip I, Duke of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of the Principality of Grubenhagen |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1476 |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 4, 1551 |
| Place of death | Herzberg |