Obergeldern

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The Duchy of Geldern 1477.

Obergeldern was one of the four so-called quarters and at the same time the main area of ​​the Duchy of Geldern . The area is mostly referred to as the upper quarter of Geldern .
The area of ​​Obergeldern extended over parts of what is now the Dutch province of Limburg and the German region of Lower Rhine , in particular over the area of ​​what is now the district of Kleve .

history

Obergeldern between 1547 and 1712/14

The name of the Dutch province of Gelderland recalls the city and the former area of ​​the Duchy of Geldern . The present-day Dutch province is the successor to the historical Duchy of Geldern ( ndl. Also: "Gelre" or "Gelder"), which arose around the city of Geldern .
In the north of the Duchy of Geldern belonged the three so-called Quartier von Niedergeldern , from which the later Dutch province of Gelderland arose:

This northern Geldern or Niedergeldern belonged to the area of ​​the Duchy of Geldern, but was not geographically connected and therefore formed an exclave.
In order to better distinguish it from these three northern Niederquartier ( Lower Quarters) , the main area of Geldern further south has now been referred to as Obergeldern or Oberquartier von Geldern .

In the Middle Ages , the large Geldern, still consisting of all four quarters, was an independent and important duchy . The neighboring Duchy of Kleve was like a wedge between the northern and southern sub-areas. The independence of the Duchy of Geldern definitely ended in 1543.

As a result of the Dutch War of Independence , the Duchy of Geldern was split up, with the three northern quarters taking part in the Union of Utrecht in 1579 and later becoming part of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces as the Province of Gelderland .

Division of Obergeldern after the Treaty of Utrecht between Prussia, the Netherlands, Pfalz-Neuburg and Austria

The upper quarters, ie the "higher situated" part, came into the hands of the Spanish king as Obergeldern or Spanish money and became part of the southern Netherlands . This constellation was confirmed and strengthened by the Peace of Munster . In addition to the city of Geldern , Venlo and Roermond were also important places in that upper quarter.

Area of ​​the upper quarter

Offices

The upper quarters consisted of various offices .

Outside the office

Later came:

Division after 1713

After the War of the Spanish Succession , in the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 , this area was again divided into four parts, namely:

  • Prussian Obergeldern (Prussian Upper District):
Most of Obergeldern including the capital Geldern itself came into the hands of Prussia . In this way, some places on the right side of the Meuse from the northern area of ​​today's Dutch province Limburg came under Prussian administration: Arcen , Afferden , Bergen , Middelaar , Velden and Well . The entire area between Kessel and Venray was added to the left of the Meuse . These areas became Dutch again in 1815.
  • Dutch Obergeldern:
Venlo and its surroundings came to the Republic of the United Netherlands as " Staats-Opper-Gelre " .
  • Jülich'sch-Obergeldern:
The Erkelenz area fell to the Duchy of Jülich .
Only Roermond and a few surrounding communities remained under the rule (now of the Austrian branch) of the Habsburgs as Austrian Geldern . In addition to the city of Roermond itself, it was also the towns of Herten bei Roermond , Maasniel , Meijel , Nederweert , Swalmen and Asselt , Weert and Wessem , as well as the communities of Cruchten now in Germany ( today: Niederkrüchten , including Brempt and Elmpt ) and Wegberg (including Rickelrath ).
Weert, Wessem, and Nederweert were Free Glories ; Herten (near Roermond) and Maasniel, together with the villages of Leeuwen , Merum , Ool and Asenray , were part of the glory of Daelenbroeck .
Austrian Geldern did not form a contiguous area. Further south on the Meuse were also Obbicht and Papenhoven , but both areas fell to Dutch Obergeldern as early as 1785 through the Treaty of Fontainebleau .
The small area of Österreichisch Geldern was one of the founding members of the " United Belgian States " in 1790 .

The western part of Preußisch-Obergeldern came back to the territory of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815 through the resolutions of the Congress of Vienna , as did the area of ​​the city of Venlo and its surroundings, which was previously known as the " Staats-Opper-Gelre ", and also also the former Austrian money with the city of Roermond. All of these parts of the former upper quarter then merged into the large Dutch province of Limburg . The exact breakdown can be seen in the articles about the Rur-Département and the Département Niedermaas .

The original unit of the Geldern upper quarter, whose nucleus and geographical center was the city of Geldern, and which had belonged to the Netherlands for centuries until 1703, was lost a good hundred years later, although part of it became Dutch again.

The coat of arms of the province of Limburg

Coat of arms of the Dutch province of Limburg

The Dutch northern and partly central Limburg as well as the city of Geldern itself can be seen as the heirs of the old Geldern core area. They share a long history, which has been made almost completely unrecognizable by the current state border and the (on a historical scale comparatively) new province name " Limburg " ( only since 1815 ).

The importance of this heritage (in the general sense) is also expressed in a heraldic way. The four-part provincial coat of arms of the Dutch province of Limburg shows the uncrowned black lion of Jülich (top right), the crowned red lion of the County of Valkenburg (top left) and the crowned golden of Geldern, as well as the horns of the county of Hoorn .

language

Obergeldern was an integral part of the Dutch language area. The local dialect is classified as Südgeldersch , whereby there were influences from the Brabant written language on the one hand and standard German on the other. Geldern was a Dutch-speaking city. The archives from that time are also there in Dutch. Because Otto von Bismarck decreed from 1870 that no other language than High German could be taught or officially used in the German Empire, the use of the Dutch language in the former Upper Gelland areas of the German Lower Rhine region has declined sharply.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ r-steger.de, funds after the Congress of Vienna in 1815

Web links