Bredelar Monastery

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Bredelar Monastery
Bredelar Monastery
Bredelar Monastery
location GermanyGermany Germany
North Rhine-Westphalia
Coordinates: 51 ° 25 '4 "  N , 8 ° 46' 21"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 25 '4 "  N , 8 ° 46' 21"  E
Serial number
according to Janauschek
523
founding year 1196
Year of dissolution /
annulment
1804
Mother monastery Hardehausen Monastery
Primary Abbey Morimond Monastery

Daughter monasteries

no

Entrance from the west into the main building

The Bredelar Monastery is a former Premonstratensian monastery - and later a Cistercian abbey in Bredelar near Marsberg in North Rhine-Westphalia . Parts of the monastery grounds are now a culture and conference center and have a museum on the former Theodorshütte .

history

Seal of the monastery 1335

In 1170 the Archbishop of Cologne, Philipp von Heinsberg , founded a Premonstratensian monastery in Bredelar . He received the place for the branch from his liege, Gottschalk von Padberg . For this he got the bailiwick of the monastery. In addition to the monastery grounds, its furnishings included the chapel in Bremen near Werl, several manors and a mill. The monastery church was consecrated to St. Lawrence. In 1196, the Archbishop of Cologne, Adolf I, converted the monastery into a Cistercian monastery . The first monks came from Hardehausen Monastery . The nuns were transferred to the Rumbeck monastery near Arnsberg.

The monastery property was expanded in the 13th century through donations from the Lords of Padberg. In addition, the monastery expanded its property through purchases and leases. At times, vineyards on the Rhine were part of it. The Bredelarer Bible manuscript, created between 1238 and 1241, dates from the heyday of the monastery . After the secularization, it was moved to Darmstadt by the new sovereign and is now in the Darmstadt University and State Library . A prayer fraternity had existed with the Wedinghausen Monastery since 1246. In the 14th and 15th centuries, numerous feuds in the area and the consequences of the desertification led to an economic decline of the monastery and almost to a standstill of religious life. In the 16th century the economic situation improved, so that the monastery equipment could be improved.

Abbot Melchior Gruben was deposed as an alleged Protestant by the general chapter of his order in 1591. Because of internal disputes, it was not possible to elect a new abbot until two years later. Under him the construction activities were resumed and among other things a new high altar was built. During the Thirty Years' War the monastery became so distressed that in 1631 most of the monks left the monastery. Abbot Absalon Heuck (1640–1669) was able to restore the monastery buildings damaged by the war.

In the period from 1726 to 1766 the monastery received a large new baroque building. The monastery experienced setbacks during the Seven Years' War , when fighting took place near Bredelar on August 5, 1761 and the monastery was forced to pay high contributions . In addition, a military hospital was set up for around 250 soldiers . The monastery complex was completely destroyed by a devastating fire accident from March 21st to March 22nd, 1787. The monastery was rebuilt soon afterwards, with the debt increasing further and in 1801 over 40,000 Reichstalers . Apart from that, the monastery budget was balanced at this time with around 10,000 Reichstalers each in income and expenses. At that time it still had 865 Prussian acres of self-used agricultural land, to which there was also a forest of over 4,300 acres.

Theodorshütte 1900

In 1802 the Duchy of Westphalia and with it the monastery fell to the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt . He had the monastery closed on February 20, 1804. The property became a state domain that was initially leased. In 1842 it was sold to the hut owner Theodor Ulrich, who set up an iron foundry called Theodorshütte in the monastery complex . So it came about that between 1826 and 1870 the Ulrich company even built blast furnaces into the monastery.

After 1931 there were different commercial and other uses. During the Second World War, there was a large warehouse for textiles and household goods in the monastery complex. On April 12, 1945 this camp was looted by locals and former German prisoners. The US troops who occupied Bredelar on March 30, 1945 apparently released this camp for looting. Most of it had been empty since around 1980.

Organization of the monastery

View from the west of the former chapel

The monastery was from 1196 in a Filationsverhältnis to Hardehausen monastery, had the free Abtswahl and was of the episcopal authority exemt . It was not subject to any Vogt. In the 13th and 14th centuries, some members of the monastery came from the local lower nobility. After that they came only from middle-class or rural families from Hellweg, from the Paderborn Hochstift or from the eastern Sauerland. In addition to the abbot, the offices mentioned are prior, subprior and chef.

The parishes of Bontkirchen and Giershagen were incorporated , at times also Heringhausen (Diemelsee) in the county of Waldeck. In Messinghausen and Rösenbeck , the monastery usually provided the chaplains. For a long time it had the right to visit the Holthausen Monastery . Himmelpforten Monastery had its provost and chaplain from Bredelar.

After the Thirty Years War the archive was put in order. During the reign of Clemens August von Bayern , diocesan borders were changed. As a result, the Bredelar Monastery fell outside the sphere of influence of the Diocese of Paderborn and was assigned to the Diocese of Cologne. By 1800 the convention had 18 members. In addition to the abbot, the offices mentioned are prior, subprior and chef. In 1802 it fell to the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and in 1816 to Prussia. From there, the monastery archive was transferred to the Münster State Archive. In 1804 the library consisted of well over 1,300 volumes. The Landgrave took over 10 valuable manuscripts and 11 printed works from this and had them put into his court library. A small part of the books were given to individual parishes in the country. Most of the remaining books ended up in the Arnsberg government library, from where they were transferred to the university library in Münster in 1874.

Abbots of the Cistercian Abbey

Seal of Abbot Diether von Bredelar

  • 1196/1210 Albert
  • 1210/1222 Dethmar I.
  • 1222/1232 Siegfried I.
  • from 1232 Dethmar II.
  • until 1243 Heinrich I.
  • 1243/1255 Widekind
  • 1255/1258 Heinrich II.
  • 1258/1267 Alexander I.
  • around 1275 Berthold
  • around 1285 Rudolph
  • around 1293 Conrad
  • 1326–1338 Dietrich I von Adorf (branch of the Lords of Padberg )
  • around 1342 Dethmar III.
  • 1351/1371 Johann I.
  • around 1375 Gottfried
  • until 1396 Dethmar IV.
  • around 1416 Johann II.
  • around 1423 Siegfried II.
  • until 1430 Ludwig
  • 1430/1443 Beringer
  • 1443/1456 Heinrich III. from Essinghausen
  • before 1465 Johann III.
  • from 1465 Anton I.
  • 1485/1500 Dietrich II.
  • 1501/1503 Tilmann
  • 1504/1518 Dietrich II., For the 2nd time
  • 1518/1520 Christian
  • 1520/1523 Tilmann, for the 2nd time
  • 1523/1541 Dietrich II., For the third time
  • 1543/1553 Peter I. Ruhrmann
  • 1553/1589 Alexander II. Britannus
  • 1589/1591 Melchior pits
  • 1591/1593 Under the administration of the master chef Johann Raitberg
  • 1593/1611 Ulrich Iserenhoit
  • 1611/1616 Johann IV Stenfurt
  • 1616/1633 Martin Boesfeld
  • 1633/1640 Georg Wulff
  • 1640/1669 Absalon Heuck
  • 1669/1680 Peter II. Focken
  • 1680/1688 Laurenz I. Ulrich
  • 1688/1693 Fabian Hauffstein
  • 1693/1697 Franz Stöver
  • 1697/1705 Ferdinand Laer
  • 1705/1713 Nivard Syn
  • 1713/1724 Robert Pielsticker
  • 1724/1733 Peter III. Nolthen
  • 1733/1754 Bernhard Weddemann
  • 1754/1758 Caspar Weise
  • 1758/1764 Anton II Brexel
  • 1764/1765 Laurenz II. Spanke
  • 1765/1777 Vincent Bönig
  • 1777/1790 Joseph Kropff
  • 1790/1804 Laurence III. Schäferhoff

Friends of the Bredelar Monastery e. V.

Lecture in the chapel during the 2011 annual conference of the German Working Group for the Protection of Owls

Since about 1990 there have been activities on site to save large parts of the building stock and to find an adequate use. On August 11, 2000, the "Friends of Bredelar Monastery e. V. ”was founded to achieve these goals. In 2002, restoration work began on the area that will be used by the public in the future. The cost of the restoration amounts to approx. € 5 million, which is mainly raised by grants from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, the North Rhine-Westphalia Foundation, the German Foundation for Monument Protection, the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe, the city of Marsberg and donations. Larger parts of the monastery buildings, in particular former stables and storage buildings, to the west and south of the main building were not included in the concept. The southern wing of the main building has now also been acquired for renovation. The headquarters of the Association for Nature and Bird Conservation in the Hochsauerlandkreis (VNV) is located in the renovated main building . From October 21 to 23, 2011 the annual meeting of the nationwide German Working Group for the Protection of Owls (AG Eulen) took place in the monastery . The conference was organized by the VNV with the AG Eulen.

In July 2001 the monastery was monument of the month in Westphalia-Lippe . In 2011 the association was awarded the Europa Nostra Prize in the “Conservation” category.

The development association is planning to restore the south and east wing from 2014, and a user cooperative will build barrier-free apartments and commercial space in it.

literature

  • Franz-Josef Bohle (Red.): Bredelar Monastery - Theodorshütte. From the baroque monastery to the ironworks. Past and future. Förderverein Kloster Bredelar, Marsberg 2005, online (PDF; 2.96 MB) (PDF)
  • Joseph Hennecke: The history of the Bredelar monastery. Boxberger, Niedermarsberg 1937.
  • Aloys Heupel: Contributions to the history of the manorial rule of the Cistercian Abbey Bredelar 1196-1416. Phil. Diss. Münster 1921.
  • Harm Klueting : Bredelar . In: Karl Hengst (Hrsg.): Westfälisches Klosterbuch. Lexicon of the monasteries and monasteries established before 1815 from their foundation to their abolition. Part 1: Ahlen - Mülheim. Aschendorff, Münster 1992, ISBN 3-402-06886-9 , pp. 142–147, ( Sources and research on the history of church and religion 2, publications of the Historical Commission for Westphalia 44).
  • Paul Michels: Brilon district. Aschendorff, Münster 1952, pp. 84–87, 103–111 ( The architectural and art monuments of Westphalia 45).
  • Helmut Müller (arrangement): The documents of the Bredelar monastery. Texts and regesta. Grobbel, Fredeburg 1994, ISBN 3-930271-15-X ( Landeskundliche Schriftenreihe für die Kurköln Sauerland 12), (Also as: Publication of the Historical Commission for Westphalia (Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe). Series 37: Westphalian documents (texts and registers) 6).
  • Helmut Müller: The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz. The Diocese of Paderborn 1 . The Cistercian Abbey of Bredelar. Germania Sacra , 3rd part 6, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston, 2013 ISBN 978-3-11-027726-5 ( hdl: 11858 / 00-001S-0000-0023-9A8A-D )
  • Johann Suibert Seibertz : History of the Bredelar Abbey . In: Historical-geographical-statistical-literary yearbook for Westphalia and the Lower Rhine 1, 1817, ZDB -ID 608226-9 , pp. 82–165.
  • Johann Suibert Seibertz: List of goods of the Bredelar Monastery 1416. In: Sources of Westphalian history. Volume 1. Grote, Arnsberg 1857 digital version (PDF; 1.4 MB).
  • Michael Senger (Red.): Monastery fates. On the history of the secularized monasteries in the Sauerland region of Cologne. Westfälisches Schieferbergbau- und Heimatmuseum, Holthausen 2003 ( Westfälisches Schieferbergbau- und Heimatmuseum Holthausen contributions 13).
  • Gerhard Stein (Red.): The Bredelar Monastery and its Bible. Association for local history Bredelar, Marsberg 1990, ISBN 3-9802511-0-1 .
  • Association for local history Bredelar e. V. (Ed.): Bredelar Monastery, City of Marsberg, Concepts for Tomorrow . Coesfeld 1997.

Web links

Commons : Bredelar Monastery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. LWL - Bredelar Monastery ( Memento of the original from October 16, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed July 18, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lwl.org
  2. Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939-1945 - reports from many employees from all over the district. Josefs-Druckerei, Bigge 1955. p. 86.
  3. Michael Schmitt, The Cologne Elector Clemens August von Bayern (1700–1761) and the Duchy of Westphalia in Säuerlander Heimatbund Edition 2/2000, page 62 ( available online ( memento of the original from January 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note .; PDF; 7.7 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sauerlaender-heimatbund.de
  4. Stein p. 30f.
  5. ^ Müller: The documents of the Bredelar monastery
  6. Hengst, monastery book p. 146 f
  7. Homepage of the user cooperative ( Memento of the original from September 18, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kloster-bredelar-ng.de