Wedinghausen Monastery

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Propsteikirche, the former Wedinghausen monastery church

The Wedinghausen Monastery is a former Premonstratensian canon monastery in Arnsberg . It was founded around 1170 and abolished in the course of secularization in 1803.

The monastery was a religious and cultural center of the county of Arnsberg and later of the Duchy of Westphalia . During the stay of the Cologne archbishops in the royal seat of Arnsberg in their neighboring country , the Duchy of Westphalia, the monastery church temporarily served as a cathedral church without having this canonical status. After the left bank of the Rhine was occupied by French troops in 1794, Wedinghausen became a refuge for the Cologne cathedral chapter and the repository of the Epiphany . The monastery church, which was also the parish church of the city of Arnsberg during the Middle Ages and early modern times , has been the parish and provost church of St. Laurentius since the 19th century .

middle Ages

Count Heinrich I as a Premonstratensian. As an indication of his function as a monastery founder, he is holding a small church on one hand.

prehistory

According to the provost register of the Essen-Werden Abbey compiled in the 12th century, a Wedinghausen farm existed in the area of ​​the later monastery in the early 9th century. A first church was later built near it. Count Bernhard II of Werl-Arnsberg († around 1059) designated the church as the burial place of his house. Archaeological excavations have uncovered the remains of a possible predecessor of the later Romanesque church. This was a little south of the Arnsberg castle and settlement.

Because of the death of his brother in custody - often referred to as fratricide - Count Heinrich I von Arnsberg was defeated by an alliance of high-ranking princes. In addition to various bishops, these included the Archbishop of Cologne Rainald von Dassel and Heinrich the Lion in his capacity as Duke of Saxony . Since the count's act was associated with sacrilege - the brother was arrested during a mass - Heinrich had to expect severe punishment. It was only thanks to the intercession of Friedrich Barbarossa that the conditions were bearable. Heinrich had to give up some property and nominally take the Arnsberg Castle as a fief from the Archbishop of Cologne . He also had to make an atonement to found a monastery.

Foundation phase

Excavation of the burial chamber of the Arnsberg count family from the 14th century (1320–1340) with partially preserved painting in the chapter house of the monastery

Heinrich decided to found a monastery in favor of the Reformed Order of the Premonstratensians at the site of the count's burial place. The monastery was consecrated to St. Lawrence and Mary . Saint Benedicta of Origny also enjoyed special veneration . This is the side patroness of the monastery church.

Wedinghausen was the only Premonstratensian monastery in Westphalia that did not belong to the Filiationsverband of the Cappenberg monastery . Rather, the first inhabitants of the monastery came from the Dutch monastery Marienweerd near Utrecht . This did not happen by chance, as it was founded by the ancestors of the count from the von Cuyck family. Marienweerd retained a certain degree of supervision over Wedinghausen in the following centuries and had certain privileges. So his representatives sat before the elections of the monastery leaders. After the fall of the mother monastery during the Reformation, Knechtsteden Abbey took over this function.

Archbishop Philipp I von Heinsberg confirmed the foundation of the monastery in 1173. Associated with this was the separation from the deanery association and the transfer of parish rights for Arnsberg and the surrounding area. Archbishop Bruno von Berg moved the monastery temporarily to Rumbeck in 1193. This soon proved to be a mistake and the privilege of Pope Celestine III. from 1197 saw Wedinghausen again as the seat of the community.

Monastic community

The Gero Codex from before 969 was owned by the Wedinghausen Monastery for a long time

The Norbertine were a by Norbert of Xanten in Prémontré founded in 1120, the Order of regulated canons , and Canons Regular called. That is, strictly speaking, it is a community of priests and not monks. Although Wedinghausen should therefore actually be called a monastery, people already spoke of Wedinghausen Monastery at the time.

The “Norbertines” also took vows of poverty, abstinence and obedience. Their way of life largely followed monastic standards. This included observing the Liturgy of the Hours and the communal meal in the refectory . In contrast to the monastic orders, the Premonstratensians combined monastic life with pastoral care. From Arnsberg, various pastors in the area were filled with members of the community.

As in other Westphalian premonstrate institutions, the monastery director held the title of provost . Apart from a temporary use at the turn of the 13th century, the head of the monastery only carried the title of abbot after 1518 and until the monastery was dissolved . Other monastic offices in the Middle Ages were the prior, the subprior, the Camerarius, the Thesauraius, the Cellerarius, the custos and the cantor. In addition there was Plebanus, responsible for the parish service.

In addition to the canonici , lay brothers ( conversi ) also lived in the settlements of the Norbertines . These were quite numerous until the 14th century. At first you were also involved in the administration of the monastery property, later it was mainly craftsmen.

It is noteworthy that Wedinghausen not only accepted aristocrats, but was also a mixed class. Nevertheless, descendants of the knightly nobility from the Sauerland and Hellweg area dominated . The patriciate from Soest was also well represented.

Relations with the counts and the city of Arnsberg

Tomb of Count Heinrich and his wife Ermengard

The monastery remained closely connected with the count's family. This was not limited to donations. After the death of his wife, Heinrich I himself entered the monastery as a lay brother. His son Heinrich II., Who left considerable possessions to the monastery, obtained burial for himself and his wife Ermengard in the monastery. Her son Konrad von Rietberg had the Count's Chapel built in 1275. His descendant Beatrix von Rietberg, married to Wilhelm von Arnsberg , found her grave around 1330 in the cloister. Wilhelm's brother himself entered the monastery as a conventual and later became abbot in Steinfeld monastery . The last Count of Arnsberg Gottfried IV renounced all bailiwick rights in 1352.

From 1314 Wedinghausen leased the agricultural land of the main Evenho farm to citizens of Arnsberg. There was never any conflict about it. On the other hand, there were repeated violent disputes over trademark rights, which reached their climax in the 16th century. Twice a year the Arnsbergers had to appear as parish children at the Sendgericht in Wedinghausen.

Spiritual Relationships

In Arnsberg, with reference to the papal privilege of 1197, in 1323 the town chapel of St. George, which was previously looked after by a secular priest, was incorporated . The service there was now held by a member of the monastery. In the parish of Arnsberg, which is excluded from the deanery structures, the prior or the abbot had the archdeaconate .

The monastery had already reached beyond the narrow Arnsberg area. The parish church in Werl (since 1196) and the old original parish in the area in Hüsten (since 1363) were soon under his control . There was also a chaplain in Bergstrasse near Werl (from 1338) and the vicarie in Rhynern (from 1653). Wedinghausen also determined the occupation of some vicarages in Werl. The St. John and Michales vicaries were to be filled with conventuals. The latter was a foundation of the Erbsälzer from 1485. Archbishop Heinrich von Molenark also transferred his chapel in Werl in 1231 to Wedinghausen.

In addition, Wedinghausen supervised the monasteries in Rumbeck and Oelinghausen . There had been a dispute with the Scheda monastery about Oelinghausen's subordination. The General Chapter in Premontre 1228 made a decision about this in favor of Wedinghausen. Until the end of the Holy Roman Empire, Wedinghausen remained the mother monastery for these two women's monasteries and usually provided the local priors , chaplains and confessors . While Rumbeck was directly subordinate to a provost from Wedinghausen, Oelinghausen was able to maintain the free choice of provost until the 16th century.

Within the Premonstratensian Order there existed brotherhoods in prayer in the 13th century up to the English Abbey of Beauchief. In the local necrology some monastery rulers from Wedinghausen are named.

A prayer fraternity existed in the 14th and 15th centuries with the Freckenhorst women's monastery .

Economic basis

Former building of the abbot “Prelature” with Hirschberger gate

The Premonstratensians also contributed to the improvement of agriculture in the Sauerland in the first centuries after their formation. At the time of its founding, the Wedinghausen Monastery had, in addition to the old main courtyard of the same name, the Lenole courtyard near Rumbeck , the Hachnen courtyard (in today's Hachen ), two Holthusen and Ekkinghusen courtyards, which cannot be precisely located , and the courtyard on Kahler Berg in what is today Arnsberg district Schreppenberg. They were obliged to deliver the tithe from newly cleared fields to the monastery. In addition, the monastery had certain rights to forests, pastures and the area of ​​fishing. Around 1185 further properties were added. The monastery received the rights to the main courtyards Evenho (on the Schreppenberg) and Marsvelde (today Moosfelde ) near Neheim and the Eichholz as a forest directly adjoining the monastery.

The sons of Heinrich I, Gottfried II and Heinrich II, who saw themselves as co-founders, bequeathed further possessions to the community. Other nobles, in particular the lords of the Rüdenburg , representatives of the high clergy such as the Cologne archbishops and later also citizens from Arnsberg, Werl or Soest transferred ownership rights to the monastery. The Wetterhof below the monastery was transferred to Wedinghausen from Meschede Abbey in 1207 in return for annual fees.

By the beginning of the 13th century, Wedinghausen was wealthy enough to buy farms by itself. This included, for example, the main Herdringen farm with five other small farms in the area. A farm near Werl and a mill were purchased from the count's house, who needed money to participate in a crusade. The possessions were finally so extensive that they could no longer be administered by the monastery itself and had to be leased. Archbishop Engelbert von Berg transferred the Wintrop estate to the monastery in 1221, which had previously been the fief of the Lords of Ardey . Wedinghausen later acquired a tithe from this property.

Scriptorium, school and other monastery facilities

Prophet Ezra in a Bible manuscript by the monastery scribe Ludovicus (around 1220)

Wedinghausen became a center of the county of Arnsberg both economically, culturally and spiritually. Soon after it was founded, a nationally known scriptorium emerged . Caesarius von Heisterbach mentioned the monastery clerk Richard von Arnsberg , who came from England and who died in Wedinghausen around 1190. He had written a text on Saint Ursula and the eleven thousand Cologne virgins, which was copied several times and later also printed . When his grave was opened 20 years after Richard's death, the brothers found his hand intact and have since venerated it as a relic . Around 1210–1236, Ludovicus Scriptor was a talented scribe and illustrator, from whom a two-volume Bible has been preserved. He also wrote a description of the fall of the Burgundians, which served as a model for the author of the Thidreksage . A total of three manuscripts have been preserved from the writing room, which are now in Darmstadt . Research assumes that the works preserved could not have been casual work. Rather, Ludovicus has had a long experience and created more lost works. It is also likely that he had students. A three-volume Bible manuscript from the Bredelar Monastery, which was created around twenty years later, was influenced by models from Wedinghausen. The well-known Bredelar Bible may also have been influenced in this way. Both the Wedinghauser and the Bredelarer Bibles have a book curse .

A monastery school must have existed as early as the Middle Ages , as the sources mention a rector scholarum for 1298 . It is unclear, however, whether the school only served the training of novices or whether it was also open to students outside the order. In the following period the school must have closed, since documents from the 15th century tell of a city school but no longer a monastery school. At least for a time, a brother of the monastery was also responsible for the city hospital in Werl.

According to the monastic way of life, the canons were also active in the field of poor and sick care. In addition to the accommodation and feeding of pilgrims and the needy, there was a hospital that was located between the actual monastery and the city. At least there are references to sources for the period from 1282 to 1500.

Late Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period

Phase of stagnation

After the end of the county of Arnsberg, the monastery began to decline in the 14th century. The wealth of the community negatively affected the discipline of the canons. Although Wedinghausen was the only branch of the order in Westphalia that not only accepted conventuals of aristocratic descent, it nonetheless developed more and more into a "care institution" for later-born aristocratic sons.

The high proportion of nobility led to the imitation of noble ways of life that were difficult to reconcile with the monastic ideal. Not least about the brothers who lived as pastors far from the community, there were relatively many complaints in visitation reports of the 15th century. There is talk of violations of celibacy, hard-heartedness and selfishness, the pursuit of worldly business or an exaggerated passion for hunting. Pastor Degenhard Schüngel, who was in office in Werl, even appeared in the church with his falcon. Ludolf von Bönen, later prior, ran a wine tavern at times.

Attempts at reform were made in Wedinghausen to counter the decline in monastic customs. After Wedekind von Plettenberg's tenure (until 1486), there were no more provosts or abbots from the nobility and patriciate. The new provost Johannes Meesem came from Quedlinburg . During his term of office there was both a spiritual renewal and an economic upswing. During this time the provost had an archive order drawn up, the legal titles collected and, in 1493, an income and goods register created. In the period that followed, there were clearly two parties in the convent in the election of the monastery heads. One stood for the status quo, the other formed the reformers. After an interlude, Adrian Tüttel, a reform-oriented provost, prevails again, and he also succeeded in regaining the abbot title.

Crisis in the Age of Reformation

Friedrich von Fürstenberg's tomb in the church of Wedinghausen Abbey

Under Abbot Hermann Lille, the monastery was confronted with the attempts of Archbishop Hermann von Wied to introduce the Reformation in his domain. In 1545, the abbot and the convent, in agreement with the townspeople, refused to admit Protestant preachers.

In 1555, Michael Brandis, an abbot, was elected from a Werl family of heirs to males. In his time the debt increased again. Brandis tended towards a secular lifestyle and spent a lot of time at the electoral court in Bonn. Monastery breeding suffered from this. At the same time there were violent disputes with the citizens of Arnsberg over certain rights to use the trademark. It was not until 1575 that Elector Salentin von Isenburg made a comparison. Multiple outbreaks of the plague led to further pollution in 1567/68 and 1580. A number of conventuals also fell victim to the disease. The staff shortage was so great that the provost office of the Rumbeck monastery was temporarily carried out by members of the Scheda monastery. The weakness was also evident in the fact that after Brandis' death it was not possible to choose a successor. Therefore, Johann Köster took over the management as provisional.

During this phase of personal, economic and intellectual weakness, one of the most difficult phases in the history of the monastery fell with Archbishop Gebhard I von Waldburg's attempt at Reformation . During the Truchsessian War from 1583 to 1588, the Wedinghausen monastery, the city of Arnsberg and the Landdrost Kaspar von Fürstenberg belonged to the "Catholic party." Therefore, in 1583 the monastery and town were plundered several times. Numerous works of art were destroyed in an iconoclasm . The canons were driven out and only seven of them returned after the defeat of the former archbishop.

A year later the monastery church was rededicated. Due to the consequences of the destruction, the monastery again fell into a deep material crisis. In addition, there were problems within the monastery and it was three years before a new monastery head was elected. At this time, in the environment of the new Archbishop Ernst von Bayern , there were considerations to hand over the monastery to the Jesuits . This did not happen with the election of Johann Köster as abbot, but he was too old for serious reform efforts.

Once again, monastic breeding subsided. There are reports of a downright scandalous way of life for some brothers. In 1610 the electoral chaplain reported that all but one of the conventuals had conventual relationships with women. In addition there were indebtedness and the persistence of the inner-monastic party quarrels.

Since the repeated attempts at internal reform had failed, the implementation of a reform had to come from outside. Above all, the monasteries in Knechtsteden and Steinfeld contributed to this . From the latter, which was known for its particularly strict discipline, various friars came to Arnsberg between 1602 and 1613 to introduce reforms. These efforts were only partially successful, as the lifestyle of one of the Steinfelder was itself a "maximum scandalum."

New bloom since the 17th century

Resurgence

Statue of Abbot Carl Berg or Saint Norbertus

It was only under Gottfried Reichmann , abbot between 1613 and 1643, that the situation was consolidated. Reichmann came from the Knechtsteden monastery, was highly educated and since 1614 vicar general of the Ordenszikarie Westfalen. As such, he carried out numerous visitations to Premonstratensian monasteries in the region. Although his tenure was overshadowed by the Thirty Years' War and various plague epidemics, the monastery began to flourish again. He also managed to regain some of the old rights. The conversion of the Oelinghausen nunnery into a secular women's monastery was reversed and control over the renewed community was enforced.

The establishment of the Gymnasium Laurentianum in 1643 was much more important than the restoration of old rights. At least at this time , the establishment of such a school was not common for the Premonstratensians. The demand for higher education at the seat of the government of the Duchy of Westphalia played an important role. As early as 1649 the grammar school had over 70 students. The new attraction of the monastery also shows the relatively high number of novices - in 1643 there were six. Despite this generally positive development, the monastery was also hit by the effects of the war and the plague again. The Swedish general Eberhard Beckermann , who came from Arnsberg, occupied the monastery and threatened to besiege Arnsberg from there. The withdrawal of the troops was attributed to the intervention of Saint Norbert von Xanten. Since then, a Norbertus procession has been held every year since 1646 as thanks.

The height of the importance of the monastery in the early modern period was between 1655 and 1724. This is also reflected in the lively construction activity of this time. The dormitory was renewed (1655/56) and the abbot's apartment was built. The latter was connected to the church by a new wing of the building. In addition, a Romanesque outbuilding was converted into a library. The grammar school also received new buildings. The new baroque elements in the church also make the recovery clear.

The now splendid church should also correspond to a solemn service. During this time, the monastery achieved fame throughout the duchy for its magnificent vestments and excellent church music. Nobody should be admitted to the monastery who did not master at least one instrument. This special musicality also permeates the 18th century. In addition, the respective teacher of rhetoric in high school had the task of writing a play every year, which was then performed publicly by the students. About sixty sketches of these pieces have survived since 1680.

There were occasional military threats and other problems, but overall the trend was steadily upwards. From the end of the 17th century to the 18th century, various chronicles were written about the past of the monastery. Two copies and stock books also date from this period.

The reputation of the monastery illustrates the elevation of the monastery rulers to infuled abbots. Since the time of Hermann Ascheberg, the abbots had the right to wear a miter . Michael Reinhartz had previously rejected this out of modesty.

The Seven Years' War, which led to the destruction of the Arnsberg Castle, had little impact on the monastery.

Convention structure in the early modern period

West wing of the monastery, built in 1717

In addition to the term monastery, the term abbey has been used since the 17th century. Under the abbot, prior, subprior, circator, provisional (in Wedinghausen mostly called waiter), cellarius (in Wedinghausen this corresponded to the culinarius) and senior formed the highest monastic offices. Often the same person held the offices of subprior and circator; the latter was responsible for internal discipline. Occasionally they also acted as pastors for the city of Arnsberg. The office of prior was also head of the grammar school as “praefectus scholarum”.

The number of tasks has increased significantly, particularly due to the school service. Initially four, from 1712 seven conventuals were active in the school service. It was mostly the youngest members of the monastery who worked at the grammar school. After seven years they were retired and were then able to exercise the various monastic offices.

As a rule, the conventuals were consecrated in Cologne. But there were also consecrations in Münster, Paderborn and occasionally in Hildesheim and Osnabrück. In the middle of the 18th century there were 42 members of the convent. Thirty of them worked in Wedinghausen themselves. Of the “externi” three each worked in Oelinghausen, Rumbeck and Werl, two in Hüsten and one in Bausenhagen.

The vast majority of the canons (four fifths in 1755) came from the Duchy of Westphalia. Six came from the city of Arnsberg alone. Six came from the rest of Westphalia outside the Duchy. Of these, three came from Münster alone.

In addition to the canons, the monastery had numerous servants. A list from 1759 names a servant of the abbot, a master builder, four servants and four manual workers, a Schlüter , a porter, a sheep-master, a fisherman, a swineherd, three herding boys, a kitchen boy, a maid and ten maids for managing the property. There was also a master builder, two farmhands, a traveling boy, a housekeeper and three maids in Werl.

Buildings and possessions before liquidation

City view of Arnsberg by the court painter Wilhelm Strack from Bückeburg, shortly before the abolition of the Wedinghausen monastery in 1803; In the foreground you can see the choir of the monastery church, behind it as a large free-standing building today's administrative court, the city and the castle ruins

At the time of its abolition in 1803, the monastery property register lists the following as buildings: 1. the monastery church, 2. the convent with 28 rooms, hospital, cloister, sacristy, chapter house and warming room, 3. the library with the wine cellar below, 4. the Cellar building with kitchen, storage cellars and refectory, 5. the prelature building with 15 rooms and two halls, 6. an adjoining wing building as the abbot's apartment, 7. the plague house at the northern end of the monastery garden, 8. the forge, 9. the baking and Brewery, 10. a house for the farmhands with a stable, 11. a stable for foreign horses, 12. a large barn, 13. pigsty, 14. a wagon shed, 15. a sheepfold, 16. a cattle house and maids' apartments, 17. one Starch stables, 18th the summer house with pleasure garden, 19th the grinding and sawmill on Eichholz, plus 20th the "Wasserkunst" built in 1756/57, which pumped water into an elevated tank at the top of the Eichholz.

The monastery had gardens and fields covering 94 acres as an independent farm. In addition, there were meadows that provided 70 loads of hay and pastures for keeping 80 cattle. In fact, in 1803 the monastery owned 18 horses, 57 cattle, 34 pigs, 209 sheep, a donkey and ten beehives. The fattening and hud rights in the Arnsberg Forest, fishing rights in the Ruhr and Möhne and fish ponds, which were partly at the monastery itself, partly on the Wintrop, Moosfelde, Bruchhausen and Walpketal estates, were also used. The oak wood belonged to the monastic private forests. There and in an area in the parish of Hellefeld, Wedinghausen also had hunting rights. Wood and market-friendly brands included numerous brands on Röhr and Ruhr as well as the Sieringer Mark.

The 68 courtyards ("colonies") subordinate to the monastery were scattered over the mountainous part of the Duchy of Westphalia and the Soester Börde. They were particularly numerous in the parish of Hüsten. There were 18 monastic courtyards there alone. Nine possessions were in the parish of Bremen and six in the parish of Arnsberg. Five courtyards were divided between the parishes of Calle and Westönnen. Four courtyards were in the parish of Körbecke. Three farms were under Wedinghausen in the parish of Hellefeld. There were also other courtyards. The Wetterhof below the monastery and Evenhoe farm near Arnsberg Castle were leased.

The tenth came from Dinschede, Oeventrop, Bruchhausen and Niedereimer. Messhafer was delivered from the Arnsberg country church game . Further lands were near Werl. This was managed by a recipe located there. The larger part was leased, a smaller part was used by the pastor zu Werl, who was always a member of Wedinghausen.

Monastery archive and library

The interior of the monastery library with parts of the holdings of the historical school library of the Laurentianum grammar school

An archive has existed since the monastery was founded. There are different views on the question of where the archive was housed at the end of the monastery period. Most authors assume that it was in the library building from 1694. Others argue that it was housed in the abbot's building. Loss of archive material occurred particularly during the period of the Truchsessian War in the 16th century. The main inventory that exists today is stored in the Münster State Archives . 620 documents alone have been preserved. The oldest dates from 1173. There are also 199 volumes of files. In the archive of today's Propsteigemeinde, however, there are significant remnants with the church records from 1612.

By the beginning of the 13th century at the latest, Wedinghausen had a well-kept and continuously expanded book inventory. After the new abbey was built, the monastery library was built in the baroque style in 1693 on the site of the old apartment. The monastery had an important collection of books, which increased in particular due to the needs of the Laurentianum grammar school. When the monastery was dissolved, the library was probably the most extensive in the Duchy of Westphalia. According to a catalog, this included 2,700 works, including the Gero Codex . Until the school was founded, the library was mainly theological. This was followed by works from the field of philosophy, philology, astronomy, geography and other fields. After the abolition of the monastery, the library was also smashed. The new sovereign, Landgrave Ludwig I of Hessen-Darmstadt , had the most valuable books in the library, including the Gero Codex, brought to Darmstadt. Another fifty to 1500 printed works are in the University and State Library of Münster . This stock has not yet been explored. The most valuable manuscripts are therefore now in the Darmstadt University and State Library . Only a few books were taken into the school library of the Laurentianum grammar school. The books with the title “liber monasterii wedinghausani” include a three-volume edition of the collection of the Ciceroian vocabulary of the Italian philosopher Mario Nizzoli, printed in Basel in 1548. There is also an Aeneid by Virgil in an edition printed in Cologne in 1628. A German-Latin grammar by Petrus Cholinus and Johannes Frisius from 1541 and 1556 is available in two editions. In the monastery library there was also an edition of the "Sidereus Nuncius" by Galileo Galilei , printed in Venice in 1610 , which had previously been in the possession of the canon and pastor of Hüsten Sebastianus Quantity. The music hall of the grammar school was located in the library for many years. Today the historical school library is kept there.

Enlightenment, revolution and secularization

Franz Joseph Fischer, last abbot of the monastery

Partly promoted by reformers at the electoral court, partly from within, the ideas of the (Catholic) Enlightenment also began to gain a foothold in Wedinghausen. This was connected, among other things, with the relativization of old rituals and the questioning of dogmas and traditions.

The new ideas had an impact even among the educated middle classes in the residential city of Arnsberg. It is not surprising that there were violent conflicts between “innovators” and conservatives. The critics were supported by the elector, who endeavored to modernize his state. Numerous old rights, such as the pastoral office in Arnsberg or the supervision of the monasteries in Rumbeck and Oelinghausen, were lost during this time. The strengthening of the chapter meeting severely curtailed the abbot's position. In a sense, internally, secularization had set in long before the last chapter in the history of the monastery began with the spread of the French Revolution . During this time Georg Friedrich Pape tried in vain to establish a radical rationalist theology in Wedinghausen.

After the electoral state lost the left bank of the Rhine in 1794, it was essentially limited to the Westphalian territories. In the last years of its existence Arnsberg became the center of the rest of the state and Wedinghausen became the seat of the Cologne cathedral chapter . The relics of the Three Kings were kept in the monastery. The last elector Archduke Anton Viktor of Austria was also elected in Wedinghausen, without political consequences .

After the Duchy of Westphalia fell to Hessen-Darmstadt in the course of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in 1803 , the monastery was abolished. The last abbot, Franz Joseph Fischer , received an apartment in the former Rumbeck monastery and a pension. Those conventuals who were able to do this were employed as teachers in the Laurentianum, the rest also received a state pension.

The church served from 1803 as a parish church and was Arnsberg 1859 to Propsteikirche levied. The grammar school is continued from the secular side.

Building history

St. Laurentius Monastery Church

Romanesque church building

Longitudinal section through the Gothic church building

Some parts of the monastery church (today's provost church) go back to the first Romanesque church building from the time immediately after the monastery was founded around 1170. The oldest part is the tower. This originally also had a Romanesque form. It had a massive west wall, side towers and a pyramid roof that was less steep compared to today's shape. The first church was built in the form of a basilica with low aisles, a high central nave and a transept. The main entrance was in the middle of the tower on the south side. It led into a square vestibule with a barrel vault. This entrance was later walled up. Instead of the vault, today's organ loft was built in. Originally there was a large round window above it, which was later replaced by a Gothic pointed arch window. The church had a hemispherical, ribless cross vault. To the east it was closed off by a square choir with a semicircular apse. Because of its dual function as a monastery and parish church, the building was divided into the eastern clergy church and the western lay church. Both had their own altars, bells and sacristies. Both were separated by a rood screen . The clergy church was six steps higher than the lay church. It was not until 1864 that the level was adjusted.

Gothic building

The old building was destroyed by fire around 1210. The reconstruction and the associated significant enlargement of the church took place in several construction phases. The polygonal apse of today's chancel was built around 1250 . The consecration of this part was made in 1253 by Archbishop Konrad von Hochstaden . Another construction phase began after 1260. Since then, the construction has been carried out in the early Gothic style . There were suggestions from France and Cologne, but the plans probably came from local craftsmen and the canons themselves.

Interior with a view of the main altar
pulpit

The result was the construction of a Westphalian hall church with a rugged hipped roof. Characteristic are the large area of ​​the walls, a rib-free vault, beautiful keystones in the choir vault, octagonal pillars in the east part, round pillars in the west part as well as the window groups of the choir and the east transept combined by pointed arches. In the north-western transept there are four bearded male heads as rib end figures in the vaulted gusset. The windows in the choir and transept are one or two-part. Above each there is a round opening with a quatrefoil. In the 15th century, a three-part window in late Gothic style was built into the west wall of the tower.

The core of the construction was completed around 1350 when the parish church was completed in addition to the existing clergy church.

Both areas were separate. The two church areas were initially separated by a massive wall. This served the same purpose as a rood screen in other churches. This was originally the provisional western end wall for the new building in the 13th century. Even after the completion of the building, the wall was preserved, although it no longer had any constructive meaning.

The originally much lower tower was raised towards the end of the 14th century. In 1662 the small central tower was added and an ossuary was added to the north side of the tower. Later this annex was extended to a sacristy. The area has been used as a baptistery since 1935. The baptismal font from 1695 is there today. A crypt donated by the von Landsberg family in 1685 as a family burial place disappeared with the structural changes of the 19th century.

In 1700 the wall was removed. In its place there was a grid, which was removed in 1804. Between 1858 and 1865 the church was completely renovated. The level of the clergy and parish church was adjusted. This filled in the crypt. The altar was also replaced and the Grafentumba was moved to its current location.

Interior

A considerable part of the older interior fittings fell victim to the iconoclasm during the Truchsessian War. An approximately 75 cm high Romanesque crucifix from the 12th century comes from an earlier period . This originally came from the chapel at Arnsberg Castle. Later it was in the wayside chapel Tollpöstchen before it was moved to the former monastery church after 1945. In addition to older times, the church windows in the choir also date from around 1250. Most of them still have Romanesque style elements. After the renovation in the 20th century, the painted representations of saints in the choir, which essentially go back to the 15th century, have disappeared.

Grafentumba

The high grave of Count Heinrich II and his wife Countess Ermengardis von Arnsberg also dates from an earlier period . The couple is shown lying next to each other on the lid of the sarcophagus created in 1330. The tomb was originally located in the count's chapel in the chapter house of the monastery and was only later transferred to the church's former baptistery.

Altars

In the north aisle there is a Marian altar. The heart of the folding altar is a “Madonna on the Crescent Moon” created around 1500, flanked by the four evangelists. Scenes from the life of Mary are depicted on the altar wings.

Benedictine shrine

The first high altar dates from around 1254 and was in the early Gothic style. It was followed by a high Gothic altar from around 1450. This also included some murals from the school of Konrad von Soest on the first pillars. The murals could not be preserved after the 1956 restoration. The third high altar was made by Petrus von Kolshusen in 1552. Only a few figures of the apostles are preserved after the destruction by Gebhard Truchsess, some of which are exhibited in the Sauerland Museum. The Landdroste von Landsberg donated a new altar in the baroque style in 1680. This reached up to the choir vault. Ceiling paintings in the form of medallions formed the end. They have been preserved and show Saint Lawrence, Christ, Mary and Saint Benedikta. In 1864 the baroque altar was replaced by a neo-Gothic altar. This in turn was removed in 1935. Today's high altar was originally a memorial altar for Kaspar von Fürstenberg, who died in 1618 and was buried in Wedinghausen. The altar was created by the Paderborn sculptor Heinrich Gröninger . In addition to domestic slate, it consists of marble and alabaster. The altar is stylistically between Renaissance and Baroque. In the Middle Ages, ten side altars were added to the main altar.

Further equipment

The interior is largely from the Baroque era . This includes, for example, several pillar figures. Among them is one of Count Heinrich I von Arnsberg as the monastery founder. There are also St. Augustine , St. Laurentius as church patron , St. Lucia and the founder of the order Norbertus von Xanten.

In the south aisle of the church there is a large sandstone grave for the landdrosten Friedrich von Fürstenberg . Like his father's tomb, it was now created entirely in the baroque style by an artist from the Gröninger family.

There is also a Benedictine shrine from 1687, which contains relics of Saint Benedicta and Saint Laurence, among other things. The confessionals and the figure-rich pulpit, which date from the middle of the 18th century, are significantly younger. They originally belonged to the furnishings of the Grafschaft monastery and were brought to Arnsberg after the monastery church there was demolished in 1829 at the instigation of the government and consistorial councilor Friedrich Adolf Sauer .

The Gothic vestry cupboard, the lower part of which dates from around 1340/50, was selected in April 2019 by the LWL Monument Preservation, Landscape and Building Culture in Westphalia as Monument of the Month in Westphalia-Lippe .

Bells

There were already bells in the Romanesque church building. Sound windows in the westwork indicate this. That there must have been bells goes from a document from Pope Celestine III. from 1196. In this, the monastery is expressly prohibited from ringing the bells during an interdict. When the church was rebuilt in the 13th century, the tower was raised by one floor and today's bell chamber was created. In the document with which Count Gottfried IV. Handed over the County of Arnsberg to the Archdiocese of Cologne in 1364, there was again talk of bells in Wedinghausen. The large Salvator or death bell dates from 1535. It probably came from the bell founder Wolter Westerhues from Münster. The bell, later also called Marienglocke, remained in use until it broke in 1909. In 1639, at the behest of Elector Ferdinand of Bavaria, bell foundries from Lorraine came to Arnsberg. The George Bell is dated to 1639. In the years 1641/42 three bells were probably cast. The casting and consecration of three bells are also reported for 1654. The bell founder Johan de la Paix from the Delapaix bell foundry has also worked for other Westphalian churches. He was also active in Thuringia and in the Fulda monastery. Three other bells by Johan de la Paix date from 1665. One bell was re-cast in 1746 after its predecessor broke. In 1768 two bells were replaced. A bell from 1654 probably burst. This is suggested by the inscription on the Donatus Norbertus bell. This bell has been preserved. But today it is in the peal of the Holy Cross Church .

The old bell was very worn out at the beginning of the 20th century. After the clapper of the Marienglocke broke in 1903, the Salvatorglocke from 1535 shattered in 1909. An examination also revealed considerable damage to the other old bells. This led to the decision to completely renew the bells. Plaster casts were made of the old bells before some of the bells were traded in to the bell foundry in 1910 for the old bells. In addition, some of the still existing old bells were confiscated in 1917.

Today's peal consists of a total of seven bells. There are five bells hanging in the west tower, of which the smallest bell (b ") is a rigidly suspended strike bell for the quarter chime. The three large bells c ', es' and f 'were cast by Albert Junker in Brilon in 1947, the smallest bell g' dates from 1922. In 1987 the roof turret received two new bells in a flat "and b".

organ
Organ of St. Laurentius

The oldest mention of an organ comes from the year 1573. In 1583 this organ was torn down by the troops of Gebhard Truchseß near the monastery tower. After 1606 a new organ was purchased. This was initially in the form of a "swallow's nest" on the southern wall of the church. The organ had 18 sounding registers and was mainly used to accompany the choir singing of the canons. After the tomb of Friedrich von Fürstenberg was built, the organ was moved around a yoke to the west. The organ case was baroque and had the coat of arms of the von Fürstenberg family on the front. It was adorned with nine figures of the apostles. These were originally part of the old late Gothic high altar created by Peter von Kolshusen. The organ work was repaired in 1777 and increased by three stops.

A new organ was not necessary until 1885. This came from the Franz Eggert company in Paderborn. It comprised 27 registers and was built on a newly built organ stage. The neo-Gothic style gallery, however, disturbed the unity of the church interior. In connection with the renovation in 1937, a new organ was planned. It was built by the Feith company in Paderborn. The entire work was divided into two independent organs. The choir organ comprised 14 registers and was installed in the central gallery in the tower in 1939. It was mainly used to accompany choir singing. Due to the war, the main organ with 36 registers could only be installed on the south wall of the church in 1949.

In the course of the renovation in 1981 it became clear that the organ's wear and tear made a fundamental renewal of the organ necessary. The work was carried out in 1985 by the Siegfried Sauer organ building company from Höxter. It is largely a new building. However, most of the old pipes were taken over. Further damage made repairs necessary. The organ has existed in its current state since 1995. In total, the system has 50 registers with around 3200 pipes. From the general console on the choir organ, its two manual works from the I. and II. Manual, and the two works of the main organ from the I. and III. Play manual off. The choir organ can be played from the main organ, with the two choir organ works on the III. Manual of the main organ are summarized.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Drone 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Reed flute 8th'
4th Pointed flute 8th'
5. octave 4 ′
6th Coupling flute 4 ′
7th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
8th. octave 2 ′
9. Mixture IV-V 2 ′
10. Zimbel III 1 ⁄ 2 ′
11. Trumpet 8th'
12. Clairon 4 ′
II Swell C – g 3
13. Covered 16 ′
14th Violin principal 8th'
15th Gamba 8th'
16. Vox coelestis 8th'
17th Lead-covered 8th'
18th Principal 4 ′
19th Transverse flute 4 ′
20th Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
21st Schwiegel 2 ′
22nd third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
23. octave 1'
24. Scharff IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
25th Basson 16 ′
26th Hautbois 8th'
Tremulant
Pedals C – f 1
27. Pedestal 32 ′
28. Principal bass 16 ′
29 Sub-bass 16 ′
30th Fifth bass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
31. Principal bass 8th'
32. Pommer 8th'
33. Chorale bass 4 ′
34. Peasant flute 2 ′
35. Cornettbass IV 4 ′
36. trombone 16 ′
37. Trumpet 8th'
III choir organ C – g 3
Main work
1. Principal 8th'
2. Hollow flute 8th'
3. Ital. Principal 4 ′
4th Mixture III 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′

Swell
5. Drone 8th'
6th Salicional 8th'
7th recorder 4 ′
8th. Duplicate 2 ′
9. Sesquialtera II
10. Schalmey 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal choir organ C – f 1
11. Sub-bass 16 ′
12. Soft bass 16 ′
13. Octave bass 8th'
14th bassoon 16 ′
  • Coupling : II / I, III / I (also as super octave coupling), III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P

The remaining monastery buildings

Ground plan of the Wedinghausen monastery (reconstruction of the state before secularization. The monastery church, which adjoins to the north, is not on the plan)
Remains of ceiling frescoes in the east cloister from the 13th century

The cloister and chapter house in the east wing essentially date from the late 13th century . A warm air heating system from the 12th century, discovered by archaeologists in 2017, comes from a previous building. It is the oldest stone storage heater in Westphalia to date. More recent systems of this overall very rare type date from the late 13th century. The cloister has a fine ribbed cross vault. After the restoration, which was completed in 1967, the early Gothic paintings with religious motifs are visible again. At the entrance to the chapter house there is a red chalk drawing of St. Laurentius and a depiction of canons. These presumably represent the founder of the order Norbertus and St. Augustine. The figures are framed by attractive ornamentation. In the baroque period, consoles and other architectural decorations were added to the cloister. The western part of the cloister has also recently been restored. The paintings that were created over the centuries were partially made visible again. The remaining parts of the cloister were demolished after 1803. The former chapter house is now used as a community hall. It contains a beamed ceiling that is partially decorated with flower and fruit stucco work in the baroque style. This is followed by the Count's Chapel. This was built by Konrad Graf von Arnsberg in honor of his parents Heinrich II and Ermengardis in 1274. It is an early Gothic one-nave and one-bay building. On both sides and in the east there are three-part colored lancet windows. From 1300 the chapel housed the Grafentumba, which is now in the monastery church.

In the course of archaeological investigations, a crypt was found and opened in the former chapter house. This is a small walled chamber only about 80 cm wide and 2.10 m long. The partly well-preserved colored frescoes are unusual. This is a crucifixion scene. The frescoes are estimated to be between 1320 and 1340. Such paintings were previously unknown in Westphalia. Something similar can be found in Bonn, Lübeck or Bruges. However, the chamber was partially destroyed by construction work in the 19th century. Due to the elaborate painting, it is assumed that a particularly distinguished person was buried in the chamber. Only a few bone parts were found because the crypt was opened at the beginning of the 19th century and skulls were removed. These are now in the Grafentumba in the monastery church. It may be the grave of the founder of the monastery, Heinrich I, or one of his immediate successors.

In 1666, partly financed by the estate of Johann Richard Rham , the abbey was rebuilt and in 1693 the library was built on a Romanesque core. The west wing with preserved remains of the Romanesque cloister was essentially built between 1715 and 1717.

The monastery complex with three wings around the cloister corresponded to a construction scheme common to the Premonstratensians. In the east wing were the sacristy, the chapter house with the so-called Count's Chapel and possibly a parlatorium . The bedrooms of the brothers ( dormitory ) were located on the upper floor, which were added to the medieval walls of the ground floor and the cloister in 1655/56 in their current form. This was followed by the somewhat detached library building in the south. The refectory and a kitchen area protruding to the southwest were probably located in the south wing . At the time of the monastery, the Laurentianum grammar school was located in the west wing. The separately built abbey building was connected to this wing via a connecting structure.

Until the opening of the Eichholzfriedhof in the course of secularization, the cemetery of the Arnsberg parish was on the north and west side of the monastery church.

Conversions, renovations and new uses

Glass building in the area of ​​the former south wing

Considerable structural changes were associated with the secularization. Parts of the monastery complex, such as the connecting building from the former abbot building to the west wing (1826), the entire south wing (1886), the part of the cloister built directly next to the church, as well as numerous economically used outbuildings, were demolished. The east wing was partially converted into apartments. In 1959/60, when the building was converted into a youth home, there were again significant changes to the structure of this part of the monastery. In the years At the place of the former connection building, the gate of the demolished castle in Hirschberg from the 17th century has been located since 1826 . The monastery library was converted into the auditorium of the grammar school in 1853 and the structure was separated from the east wing. The west wing became the property of the city of Arnsberg and was considerably rebuilt for school purposes. The building was almost completely gutted and new stairs were installed. Further structural changes were made in the 1930s when, among other things, the former grave altar of Kaspar von Fürstenberg was set up as a high altar. In 1956/57 the damage caused by the Second World War was repaired. The chapter house was renovated between 1987 and 1988. Another renovation will be in connection with the settlement of members of the Shalom Catholic Community . Among other things, the upper floor is being converted for residential purposes and the monastery garden is being prepared. The former coach house is to become a meeting place. A renovation of the church roof and facade is also planned in this context.

In the area of ​​the west wing, after 2002, when the Sauerlandkolleg was relocated, the question of subsequent use arose. Structurally, some of the renovations in the 19th and 20th centuries were reversed and the baroque attic was restored. The medieval cellars were also renovated, and some of the old paintings were made visible in the area of ​​the cloister. Since then there has been an exhibition on the history of the monastery on the ground floor. The storey rooms of the city ​​archive are located on the floor above and the work and public area of ​​the city and state archives are located on the top floor. In addition to the west wing, other areas were also redesigned. The monastery library, which was last used as the music hall of the Laurentianum grammar school, was renovated. It now serves as a repository for part of the historical school library and as an event hall. A new glass building was built roughly in place of the south wing, whose design language wants to remind of the lost part of the monastery complex without imitating the former building. The new concept designed by the Cologne architect Gerhard Kalhöfer won the 2002 competition "City makes space - land makes space" announced by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . The associated funding made the project possible. This new building made of concrete, steel and glass mediates between the architectural space and nature. The design was not without criticism from the local public. At least three exhibitions of contemporary art have been taking place every year since 2009 and the building is now called Lichthaus Arnsberg. The former beer cellar of the monastery has been used as an event location by the Arnsberger Heimatbund since April 2009. In June 2009 the west wing was Monument of the Month in Westphalia-Lippe . The cloister and the east wing have been renovated since 2015 with financial support from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

meaning

In addition to the Grafschaft and Bredelar monasteries , Wedinghausen was the most important monastery in the Duchy of Westphalia. Only these three had an extensive monastery library. In the Middle Ages, Grafschaft assumed the first position with regard to the size of the convent, the intellectual life, but also with regard to the possessions, but this passed to Wedinghausen in the 16th and especially the 17th centuries. One reason for the special position was the function of the monastery church as a temporary archbishop's cathedral church when the archbishops of Cologne were present in the capital of their neighboring country of the Duchy of Westphalia. This role became even more evident after the escape of the Cologne cathedral chapter to Arnsberg. Not least for this reason, the parish of Arnsberg (closely connected to the monastery) was the only one in the Duchy of Westphalia that did not belong to any deanery association. The second reason for the special status was the grammar school Laurentianum, which was the only complete higher school in the duchy, especially after 1783.

Today's parish

The former main church of the Wedinghausen monastery is now a provost and parish church. Today's Laurentius or Propsteigemeinde comprises about 2,700 souls. The area of ​​responsibility of the parish of St. Laurentius also included the neo-Gothic chapel (consecrated in 1868) on the Kreuzberg and the associated Way of the Cross, as well as the St. Joseph in the Uentrop district . There is also the St. Georg town chapel in the old town of Arnsberg. The parish has been part of the Arnsberg-Wedinghausen pastoral network since 2003. In the case of fundamental independence, this includes the parishes Propstei St. Laurentius, the parish Heilig Kreuz, both in Arnsberg, as well as the parish vicarages St. Stephanus in Niedereimer and St. Franziskus Xaverius in Wennigloh .

Provosts and abbots

The monastery rulers carried in the 12th / 13th Century the title abbot, before and after the title provost. It was not until 1518 that they were referred to as abbots again.

  • Michael Reinhartz, 1663-1688

  • Carl Berg, 1715-1724

  • Hermann von Ascheberg, 1724–1726

  • Adrian Höynck, 1736-1749

  • Ludwig Leine, 1749–1770

  • Reiner from Marienweerd, 1173
  • Christian (Abbot), 1196-1197
  • Arnold (Abbot), 1202-1217
  • Hard mode, 1217-1247
  • Wilhelmus, around 1253
  • Heinrich, around 1258
  • Friedrich, around 1261
  • Eustatius, 1267-1271
  • Wigand, 1272-1303
  • Gerhard, 1305-1313
  • Johann Maken, 1315-1320
  • Theodoric, 1320-1322
  • Heinrich Lange, 1323-1337
  • Gerhard von Ende, 1340–1342
  • Berthold, around 1348
  • Hermann von Medebach, 1352-1353
  • Jakob von Hemsode, around 1357
  • Hillebrand of Dortmund, around 1370
  • Gottfried von Plettenberg, 1371–1379
  • Arnold Wulff, 1387-1404
  • Gerwin Schüngel, 1407-1455
  • Herbord Meinershagen, 1455–1469
  • Wedekind von Plettenberg, 1469–1486
  • Johannes Meesen from Quedlinburg, 1486–1511
  • Johannes Bock, 1511–1513
  • Adrian Tütel (abbot since 1518), 1513–1531
  • Hermann Lilie, 1531–1550
  • Johann Stockhausen, 1550–1555
  • Michael Brandis, 1555-1581
  • Johann Köster, 1587–1610
  • Gottfried Reichmann , 1613–1643
  • Theodor Kellner, 1643–1649
  • Lambert Topp, 1649-1653
  • Heinrich Coccius, 1653–1663
  • Michael Reinhartz , 1663-1688
  • Norbert Bicker , 1688-1715
  • Karl Berg, 1715-1724
  • Hermann von Ascheberg, 1724–1726
  • Nikolaus Hengesbach from Eversberg, 1726–1736
  • Adrian Höynck from Bilstein, 1736–1749
  • Ludwig Leine from Stockum, 1749–1770
  • Norbert Engelhard from Olpe, 1770–1781
  • Franz Fischer from Calle, 1781–1803

literature

  • Wolfgang legs: Propsteikirche St. Laurentius Arnsberg . Sundern undated (approx. 2006).
  • Clemens Brüggemann (arrangement): Wedinghausen Abbey, Propsteikirche St. Laurentius Arnsberg . City of Arnsberg, Arnsberg 1971.
  • Karl Féaux de Lacroix: History of Arnsberg . Stein, Arnsberg 1895. Reprint: Stein, Werl 1983, v. a. Pp. 94-118.
  • Michael Gosmann: The Arnsberg Premonstratensian Monasteries Wedinghausen, Oelinghausen and Rumbeck . In: Sauerland 2/2006, p. 63.
  • Michael Gosmann, Gerhard Kalhöfer: Wedinghausen Monastery. West wing . City of Arnsberg, Arnsberg 2005, ISBN 3-928394-20-7 .
  • Norbert Höing: The Wedinghausen Monastery . In: Arnsberger Heimatbund eV (Hrsg.): 750 years Arnsberg. On the history of the city and its citizens . Strobel, Arnsberg 1989, ISBN 3-87793-025-5 , pp. 313-334.
  • Géza Jászai (Ed.): Monastic Westphalia. Monasteries and monasteries 800–1800 . Westphalian State Museum for Art and Cultural History, Münster 1982, ISBN 3-88789-054-X , pp. 77, 437.
  • Helmut Richtering : Wedinghausen Monastery. A historical outline . In: Clemens Brüggemann (arrangement): Wedinghausen Abbey, Propsteikirche St. Laurentius Arnsberg . City of Arnsberg, Arnsberg 1971, p. 39ff.
  • City of Arnsberg (Ed.): The architectural monuments of the city of Arnsberg. Collection period 1980–1990 . City of Arnsberg, Arnsberg 1990, ISBN 3-928394-01-0 , pp. 12-17.
  • Knut Stegmann: Insight into the work of building research at Wedinghausen Monastery in Arnsberg. In: Preservation of monuments in Westphalia and Lippe 1/2017 pp. 17–23. Article as PDF
  • Beatrice Härig: Sensation in the donor's grave In: Monumente 5/2018, pp. 8–13

Web links

Commons : Kloster Wedinghausen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Propsteikirche  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Harm Klueting : Church, monasteries and spiritual state in the Duchy of Westphalia . In: Heimatblätter. Journal of the Arnsberger Heimatbunde . 1985, p. 16.
  2. ↑ Johann Suibert Seibertz: Document book on the state and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia, Vol . 3 1400-1800, supplements . Arnsberg, 1854 p. 416 No. 1060: “793 u. Followed. Excerpts from the old provost register of Werden Abbey. "
  3. ^ Jürgen Funke: Wedinghausen. Burial place of the Counts of Arnsberg and the Count's Chapel . In: Heimatblätter. Journal of the Arnsberger Heimatbund . Vol. 1994, pp. 23-24.
  4. ↑ Regesta Imperii IV 2, 2 n. 1591 (entry on Regesta Imperii Online)
  5. ^ Höing: Wedinghausen , p. 314.
  6. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , p. 41.
  7. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , p. 45.
  8. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , pp. 45–46.
  9. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , pp. 44–45.
  10. ^ Harm Klueting: The Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia as spiritual territory in the 16th and 18th centuries. In the S. (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia. Vol. 1: The Cologne Duchy of Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster, 2009 ISBN 978-3-402-12827-5 , p. 481
  11. ↑ cf. on the relationship with Oelinghausen: Werner Saure: Oelinghausen and his not uncomplicated relationship with Wedinghausen . In: Heimatblätter. Journal of the Arnsberger Heimatbund . Vol. 2004, pp. 30-41.
  12. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , pp. 42–43.
  13. ↑ Winfried Ortmann: "Richard the English" and the "Black Hand." Early connections of the Wedinghausen monastery to England. In: Heimatblätter 29/2008, pp. 9-10.
  14. ^ Wilhelm Kohl (edit.): The dioceses of the church province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster III. The Freckenhorst (free worldly) women's monastery . Berlin: Walter de Gruyter 1975, ISBN 978-3-11-002098-4 ( Germania sacra . New series. Vol. 10), p. 187.
  15. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , pp. 43–44.
  16. ↑ Oskar Schade: The saga of St. Ursula . Hanover 1854.
  17. ↑ Otto Ludwig: History of writing: From antiquity to book printing . Berlin 2005, p. 122.
  18. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , p. 46.
  19. ↑ Hermann-Josef Schmalor: Prämonstratensiche monastery libraries in the area of today's city Arnsberg Wedinghausen, Oelinghausen, Rumbeck. In: Origin with a future. Insights into the Arnsberg monastery landscape. Arnsberg, 2019 p. 74f.
  20. ^ Norbert Höing: The Laurentianum grammar school in Arnsberg . Part 1: Foundation of the school and its development up to the full establishment . Arnsberg n.d., pp. 6-8.
  21. ↑ Regest of 1330 on DWUD
  22. ^ Höing: Wedinghausen , p. 321.
  23. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , pp. 47-48.
  24. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , p. 49.
  25. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , p. 50.
  26. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , p. 52.
  27. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , pp. 53–54.
  28. ↑ There are clear indications that, contrary to the plaque attached to the figure, it is not an image of Abbot Carl Berg, but a statue of the founder of the order Norbert von Xanten. Manfred Rotermund: 80 years of the Nobertus statue. In: Heimatblätter Arnsberg, vol. 30/2009, pp. 107-109
  29. ^ Norbert Höing: The Laurentianum grammar school in Arnsberg . Part 1: Foundation of the school and its development up to the full establishment . Arnsberg o. J.
  30. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , pp. 54–57.
  31. ↑ Horst Conrad / Gunnar Teske (ed.): Dying times. The Thirty Years War in the Duchy of Westphalia. Münster, 2000 p. 227f.
  32. ↑ Knut Stegmann: Insight into the work of building research at the Wedinghausen Monastery in Arnsberg. In: Monument Preservation in Westphalia and Lippe 1/2017, p. 19/20 Article as PDF
  33. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , p. 59.
  34. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , p. 62.
  35. ^ Norbert Höing: The plays at the monastery high school "Norbertino-Laurentianum" in Wedinghausen in the 17th and 18th centuries. In: Westfälische Zeitschrift Vol. 138 1988 pp. 231–278
  36. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , pp. 60–62.
  37. ^ Richtering: Wedinghausen , pp. 62–63.
  38. ↑ Existing buildings and possessions of the monastery at the time of its closure . In: Wedinghausen Abbey, Propsteikirche St. Laurentius . Arnsberg 1971, p. 70.
  39. ↑ Existing buildings and possessions of the monastery at the time of its closure . In: Wedinghausen Abbey, Propsteikirche St. Laurentius . Arnsberg 1971, pp. 70-71.
  40. ↑ Inventory overview on ArchiveNRW.
  41. ↑ Michael Gosmann: Historic Arnsberg archives . In: Heimatblätter. Journal of the Arnsberger Heimatverein . 1984, pp. 70-71.
  42. ^ Norbert Höing: Propstei archive, monastery archive and monastery library of Wedinghausen . In: Heimatblätter. Journal of the Arnsberger Heimatverein . 1985, pp. 49-57.
  43. ↑ Hermann-Josef Schmalor: Prämonstratensiche monastery libraries in the area of today's city Arnsberg Wedinghausen, Oelinghausen, Rumbeck. In: Origin with a future. Insights into the Arnsberg monastery landscape. Arnsberg, 2019 p. 76
  44. ↑ to the Galileo edition
  45. ↑ Manuel Homburg: "What to do with this pile of books?" The project "Historical Library of the Laurentianum Arnsberg High School" . In: Südwestfalen Archive . 2003, pp. 253-255.
  46. ↑ Clemens Brüggemann (arrangement): Wedinghausen Abbey, Propsteikirche St. Laurentius Arnsberg. City of Arnsberg, Arnsberg 1971, pp. 9-10.
  47. ^ Brüggemann: Wedinghausen Abbey , p. 13.
  48. ↑ Franz Kessler: The Chorlettner the Arnsberg Propsteikirche at times of Wedinghauser Convention. In: Günter Cronau (arr.): Franz Kessler - cross instead of swastika. Arnsberg, 2002 pp. 98-102
  49. ↑ a b Brüggemann: Wedinghausen Abbey , p. 15.
  50. ↑ Michael Gosmann: The lost wall paintings in the choir of the Propsteikirche St. Laurentius, Arnsberg. In: Heimatblätter Arnsberg, vol. 30/2009, pp. 87–94, rare color photographs are available in the Deutsche Fotothek. selection
  51. ↑ In detail: Gabriele Böhm: Medieval figural tombs in Westphalia from the beginnings to 1400 . Münster u. a. 1993; Partial digitization on GoogleBooks.
  52. ^ Brüggemann: Wedinghausen Abbey , p.
  53. ↑ Peter Barthold: Monument of the month: A forgotten piece of the Middle Ages. The Gothic vestry cabinet of the Catholic provost church St. Laurentius in Arnsberg. LWL monument preservation, landscape and building culture in Westphalia , accessed on May 7, 2019 .
  54. ^ Winfried Ortmann: Notes on the history of the bells of the Wedinghausen monastery and the Arnsberg parish (until 1803). In: Heimatblätter des Arnsberger Heimatbund 34/2013 pp. 6–12
  55. ↑ Winfried Ortmann: Notes on the history of the bells of the Wedinghausen monastery and the Arnsberg parish of St. Laurentius from 1803 to 1910. In: Heimatblätter des Arnsberger Heimatbund 35/2014 pp. 12-17
  56. ^ Organ history up to the 18th century.
  57. ^ History of the organ in the 19th and 20th centuries Century.
  58. ↑ Information on the organ
  59. ↑ See the probable predecessor building: Otfried Ellger: Geisterflügel and kinked churches. An interim report on the archaeological research of the Wedinghausen Monastery. In: Origin with a future. Insights into the Arnsberg monastery landscape. Arnsberg, 2019 pp. 57–71
  60. ↑ Press release LWL December 11th, 2017
  61. ↑ The oldest warm air heating in Westphalia discovered during excavations. In: Arnsberg district government. December 11, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2018 .
  62. ^ Brüggemann: Abtei Wedinghausen , pp. 7–8 .; Compare with the Count's Chapel: Funke: Count's Chapel .
  63. ↑ Achim Giesecke: Count's crypt is becoming more and more an archaeological sensation. In: Westfalenpost. June 29, 2018. Retrieved July 16, 2018 .
  64. ^ Excavations in the Wedinghausen monastery. LWL archaeologists open the count's crypt. PM LWL, October 10, 2017, accessed on July 16, 2018 .
  65. ↑ Knut Stegmann: Insight into the work of building research at the Wedinghausen Monastery in Arnsberg. In: Monument Preservation in Westphalia and Lippe 1/2017, p. 19/20 Article as PDF
  66. ↑ Knut Stegmann: Insight into the work of building research at the Wedinghausen Monastery in Arnsberg. In: Monument Preservation in Westphalia and Lippe 1/2017, p. 17 article as PDF
  67. ↑ Westfalenpost of October 14, 2014
  68. ^ Project description by the architect. ( Memento from October 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  69. ↑ Lighthouse Arnsberg
  70. ↑ Beer cellar becomes a new treasure in: Westfalenpost local part Arnsberg from April 10, 2009
  71. ↑ Money from the country for Wedinghausen Monastery. November 2, 2018, accessed January 26, 2019 .
  72. ↑ List in: Brüggemann: Abtei Wedinghausen , p. 35.
  73. ↑ Entry in the ecumenical dictionary of saints.

Coordinates: 51 ° 23 ′ 33.5 ″  N , 8 ° 3 ′ 55 ″  E

This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on April 18, 2009 .