Vicarie

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A vicariate is a legal foundation under private law with legal personality . She is originally a medieval Liche legal person by ecclesiastical and secular law. They have ceased to be religious institutions since the time of the Reformation . They were usually given a different provision and were only subject to the Civil Code , but differ in their origin. For the most part, these oldest legal entities have become scholarships and have a rich and diverse medieval background. The collator has the ius patronatus and is the one who awards grants. There are still legal entities with the word vicarie, vicarei, prebende , chaplaincy, or benefizie in their name that are believed to date back to the Middle Ages.

Parish Vicarie

Nowadays, a vicarie is also understood to be a personally or spatially defined official and pastoral area which is presided over by a vicar . Other terms for it are quasi parish , expositur and branch church . The parish vicarages do not have the same status as a canonical territorial parish, but are largely equal to it.

Medieval background

Originally, in the Middle Ages, the vicariate was a benefit without pastoral care. This was a separate property, the income of which was intended for the maintenance of the priest (vicar).

Religious care for the salvation of the soul and family awareness played an important role in the establishment of the vicarages. In return for the income, the beneficant had to remember the donors in their prayers during the Holy Masses and pray for their souls. Other tasks were often assigned to him in letters of foundation.

This need led to the formation of sources of money from which the public official could meet his livelihood. From around the 10th century the custom of giving a priest a beneficium for this arose . The social influence of this grew later, as more and more goods came into the dead hand .

The income (interest) of this legal person avant la lettre mostly came from a piece of land that was given to the priest. The income of such a vicarie was given to and through the founder or his successor (a collator) to selected vicars. This was formally installed in the spiritual office by the spiritual government (bishop). The vicar had then become socially "owner" of the vicarie. He had the duty to administer the vicarage property and could also represent them in legal matters. Legally, this form is reminiscent of a trust in English law.

Examples

  • For example, B. Johannes van der Schuren his inheritance in 1454 for the Katharinen Vicarie in Radevormwald .
  • The oldest document in the Golzheim parish archives dates from June 14, 1495. Peter Bruwer van Golshem and his wife Fye (Sophia) donate a hereditary annual pension from their assets in Golzheim. This amounts to twelve Malter Roggen Dürener Maß and twelve pfennigs for a weekly divine service of two masses, one on Sunday and one on Friday, as well as two pounds of wax for these masses, which are to be held forever at the Golzheim St. Nicholas Altar. Associated with the foundation is the establishment of a vicarage, the first owner of which is to be the son of the founder. Emmerich Bruwer. After his death, the brother masters "the loevelicher broderschaff der hochgeloeffter hilliger Jonfferen Marien ... and the hilligen paiß sent Gregorius, eyn patrone dere kirchen zo Golshem" take over the election of the successors and supervise the implementation of the foundation. When choosing a suitable clergyman, Golzheimers should be given preference over others. The donors put precisely specified pieces of arable land in the Golzheim field as a deposit. The vicariate was to survive for more than three centuries in order to continue to promote the spiritual offspring from Golzheim.
  • By episcopal decree of April 9, 1585, St. Nikolauskirche was elevated to the status of the main church, with Weimerskirch as vicarie. The common pastor had to reside with St. Nicholas and be represented in Weimerskirch by a Vicarius perpetuus .

Vicariate in religious communities

In the Franciscan order Vikarie designates an association of monasteries with a greater degree of independence as a custody , but less rights than an order province . The level of division is determined by the head of the order. A vicariate is often the precursor to a province.

Web links

literature

  • Müller: The spiritual goods of the Zerbst aldermen from the time before the Reformation . In: Zerbster Jahrbuch XVI, 1931, pp. 8-12