Golzheim
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Golzheim
Merzenich municipality
Coordinates: 50 ° 50 ′ 22 " N , 6 ° 34 ′ 47" E
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| Height : | 116 m | |
| Area : | 11.31 km² | |
| Residents : | 1393 (Feb 29, 2020) | |
| Population density : | 123 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | 1st July 1969 | |
| Postal code : | 52399 | |
| Area code : | 02275 | |
Location of Golzheim in North Rhine-Westphalia |
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Golzheim is a district of the municipality of Merzenich in the district of Düren , North Rhine-Westphalia .
geography
location
Golzheim is located in the Zülpicher Börde . The place borders east on Blatzheim , north on Buir (both Kolping town Kerpen ), south on Eschweiler over Feld (municipality Nörvenich ) and west on Merzenich.
history
Before the turn of the first millennium
Stone Age tool finds indicate that the Golzheim area was already settled in prehistoric times.
The first concrete traces of settlement in Golzheim come from the Gallo-Roman times . A Roman sarcophagus found in Golzheim on March 4, 1933 is now placed in the parish garden in front of the Fatima Chapel. The sarcophagus contained a lead coffin with a skeleton. Unfortunately the grave was robbed, so that apart from a few pieces of pottery and a completely weathered coin, no grave goods were found. In May 1933 five simple Roman earth graves were discovered in the immediate vicinity of the sarcophagus, and in August 1933 two more. Further evidence of this era are the hypocaust and foundations of a villa , the torso of a statue of Jupiter and hewn remains of columns with capitals .
The name of the place is probably derived from a personal name from the time of the Franks . Golzheim was therefore the home of Gotolf or Godulf . According to a later legend, at the beginning of the 9th century Golzheim was one of those villages that had a share in the Bürgewald , which was distributed by St. Arnold von Arnoldsweiler and which he in turn received from Emperor Charlemagne .
11th to 14th centuries
In the regests of the Archbishops of Cologne, the place Golzheim is mentioned for the first time on November 28, 1015. The monastery of St. Omer and the monastery of St. Bertin , both located in what is now the Pas-de-Calais department ( France ), owned properties there.
In 1143 the church is mentioned as the parish church of Godelsheim .
In January 1300 a Hof zum Pütz , located in strata publica apud Godelsheym coram iudice loci et scabinis de Hoynkirgin , was sold to St. Gereon in Cologne. Here, a piece of land prope agros conventus de Weynowe is mentioned, from which it follows that the Premonstratensian monastery Wenau near Düren already had property in Golzheim at that time.
A parish church in Godelsheim is mentioned in the liber valoris , which was also created around 1300 and is the oldest directory of the parishes in the Archdiocese of Cologne . However, neither the shape nor the location of the church at that time are known.
In a document from the year 1360, Duke Wilhelm I of Jülich confirmed the obligation to deliver the wax interest to the parish church of Arnoldsweiler from a total of 26 locations in the Bürgewald. Gailßheim is also listed among the 26 places . All of these places, including Golzheim, had to bring the wax interest to Arnoldsweiler every year on Whit Tuesday . The Golzheimers had to deliver a candle of 4 pounds of wax. As mentioned above, this candle offering is based on the legend of St. Arnoldus, through whom the listed places were allowed to use the forest. Previously this was under an imperial wild ban . For centuries, the authorized communities used the forest equally, only in 1775 was each community assigned a specific piece of forest. Golzheim also received a piece of the forest, the Golzheimer guarantor .
15th century
The Steinfeld Abbey in Golzheim had been wealthy since 1428 .
The oldest document in the Golzheim parish archives dates from June 14, 1495. Peter Bruwer van Golshem and his wife Fye (Sophia) donate a hereditary annual pension from their assets in Golzheim. This amounts to twelve Malter Roggen Düren measure and twelve pfennigs for a weekly divine service of two masses, one on Sundays and one on Friday, as well as two pounds of wax for these masses, which are to be held forever at the Golzheim St. Nicholas Altar. Associated with the foundation is the establishment of a vicarage, the first owner of which is to be the son of the founder, Emmerich Bruwer. After his death, the brother masters "the loevelicher broderschaff der hochgeloeffter hilliger Jonfferen Marien ... and the hilligen paiß sent Gregorius, eyn patrone dere kirchen zo Golshem" take over the election of the successors and supervise the implementation of the foundation. When choosing a suitable clergyman, Golzheimers should be given preference over others. The donors put precisely specified pieces of arable land in the Golzheim field as a deposit . The vicariate was to last for more than three centuries in order to continue to promote the spiritual offspring from Golzheim.
16th Century
The court inquiry of 1554/55 counts Golzheim to the Hochkirchen court . It is there u. a. recommended that the courts of Eschweiler over Feld , Manheim , Buir and Golzheim be combined and that a court be held in Golzheim every two weeks. This court was established in 1556. This is evident from a seal dated this year, a certificate from Duke Johann Wilhelm von Jülich from 1605 and numerous documents issued by the Golzheim court. The proposed association of courts can only be verified by sources from the 18th century, but it certainly took place as early as 1556.
The plague claimed many lives between 1578 and 1582.
The second half of the 16th century in the Nörvenich office , to which Golzheim belonged, was determined by the disputes over Kerpen, which was occupied by Spanish troops in the Truchsessian War . During these years Golzheim was repeatedly plundered by Spanish soldiers . Golzheim experienced the blackest day on February 21, 1588. Spanish troops raided the place, broke open the church, stole two chalices and a monstrance and scattered the hosts on the ground. The residents fled with their families and left the place of horror. The whole village was looted, cows, sheep and pigs were robbed.
17th century
At the beginning of the 17th century, Johann Sieger was governor of Golzheim. The governor was a member of the aldermen's college and a representative of the bailiff or bailiff's administrator when they were absent. Sieger died in 1613 or 1614.
The year 1607 was marked by another outbreak of the plague .
During the Thirty Years' War - on December 29, 1639 - the imperial general Freiherr Wilhelm von Lamboy stood with his troops near Golzheim and sent a messenger to Düren with the request to take him with his court and 100 men on foot. For the neighboring town of Buir, the eyewitness report of the local pastor Bertram Breuer vouches that the church and the town were devastated on that day by several thousand men of the Lamboy soldiers . It is not known whether Golzheim experienced a similar fate . Nevertheless, this is to be assumed, since the armies of that time lived mainly from the country they had just occupied.
In 1665 and early 1666 the plague raged again in Golzheim. This last known plague epidemic claimed around 120 deaths, which is probably a third of the total population of Golzheim at that time. At that time the pastor Otto Molitoris carried out a collection within the parish for an altar of Mary in the church. The Marienaltar contained a painting that the well-known passage from the Gospel of John illustrated in which Martha to Jesus says. "Lord, you love is ill" Molitoris wanted to with the biblical his ailing with plague parish Lazarus compare that Jesus finally by the Raised the dead. At the same time, the pastor placed his community under the special protection of Our Lady in this way . His successor Otto Curtius reports that Molitoris continued to carry out at least three sacramental processions between Easter and Pentecost in 1666 , until the death suddenly ended. These processions took place with the relics of Saints Gregory and Dionysius and led around the entire village. They ended in the parish church. The model for Molitoris was Pope Gregory the Great , the namesake of the Golzheim parish church, who, according to legend , is said to have freed the city of Rome from a plague epidemic in a similar way .
In 1676 there was an epidemic of dysentery in Golzheim, which killed many residents. Pastor Otto Molitoris also died of the disease on September 25, 1676.
The last decades of the 17th century were marked by the wars of Louis XIV in the Nörvenich office . Repeatedly crops were destroyed, villages burned down, and the residents robbed and mistreated. At the beginning of the War of the Palatinate Succession , the town of Kauweiler was razed to the ground on February 21, 1688. Buir and Golzheim suffered the same fate.
18th century
In 1718 the Marian Rifle Brotherhood, which had not existed for a long time, was re-established.
In autumn 1739 the courts of Nörvenich and Golzheim were combined. From then on, the name was - until it was further merged with the Hambach court - combined court Nörvenich and Golzheim . The chairman of the court remained the Vogt of the Nörvenich office , the place of jurisdiction was now Düren. This means that the court no longer met in Golzheim after 183 years.
On October 15, 1766, a fire broke out in a widow's house, which destroyed ten houses in today's Buirer Strasse, including the main building of the Stacherburg, of which only the foundation walls remained. There was a fatality to mourn.
In the first coalition war , French troops took Golzheim on the night of October 2 to 3, 1794. The village was then occupied by France and became French territory after the Treaty of Basel in 1795. The peace of Campo Formio in 1797 confirmed this status.
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20th century
From November 1939 to May 1940 the Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 "Immelmann" with aircraft of the type Ju 87B was stationed at a field airfield near Golzheim. On December 5, 1944, Golzheim was evacuated on the orders of the Reich Defense Commissioner. On February 26, 1945, American troops took Golzheim.
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Golzheim was incorporated into Merzenich on July 1, 1969.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1933 | 866 |
| 1939 | 856 |
| 1970 | 1079 |
| 1980 | 1065 |
| 1990 | 1124 |
| 2000 | 1274 |
| 2010 | 1321 |
| 2013 | 1330 |
| 2017 | 1334 |
| 2020 | 1393 |
traffic
The federal highway 264 runs right through the town . The place can be reached by various bus lines, which only run on weekdays and not on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays.
schools
In Golzheim there is a Catholic primary school named after Johann Kaspar Kratz. A branch of the Niederzier / Merzenich comprehensive school is located in Merzenich. The secondary school students go to Nörvenich. There are secondary schools in Düren.
Clubs, associations
In the village there is the FC Golzheim, the gymnastics club Golzheim, the carnival society "Mir hahle Poohl" 1905 eV Golzheim, the Marianische Schützenbruderschaft Golzheim, the Tambourcorps Golzheim, the church choir "St. Gregorius Golzheim ”, the fire fighting group Golzheim of the Merzenich volunteer fire brigade with youth fire brigade, rabbit breeding club, the tennis club and since 2009 the interest group“ Golzheim aktiv ”.
Personalities
- Otto Curtius (1653–1726), pastor in Golzheim
- Johann Kaspar Kratz (1698–1737), Jesuit missionary
- Hermann Joseph Stupp (1793–1870), Lord Mayor of Cologne
Attractions
Old parish church / memorial
The first known church was built around 1569 (year of the keystone). In 1606 the tower of this church fell on the roof of the church in a very violent gust of wind. The larger of probably two bells broke. In 1613 the tower of the church was erected again, and a new choir and four vaulted extensions were built. The church burned down on October 7, 1895. Of this church, only the steeple still exists today , which has housed the memorial for the Golzheim fallen soldiers since 1929 . It is noteworthy that the memorial is not equipped with soldiers or heroic figures, but rather the sculpture of a peace dove with an olive branch moves into the center.
Tower of the old parish church with a cenotaph
Tower of the old parish church
Neo-Gothic parish church
The current brick building of the parish church St. Gregorius was built in 1896/1897 in neo-Gothic style according to plans by the Bonn church builder Johann Adam Rüppel . The 33 meter high pointed spire fell onto the nave on December 28, 1945 as a result of the damage of the Second World War . A much smaller point later took its place. Inside the parish church, the mosaics by Freiburg artist Angelika Leonhard (now: Angelika Khan-Leonhard) ( Stations of the Cross , baptismal font ) from 1961 are noteworthy.
Fátima Chapel
In 1954, on the occasion of a religious week in Golzheim for the Marian Year, a priest from Schoenstatt called for the building of a Lady Chapel. Due to the long tradition of devotion to Mary in Golzheim and the personal veneration of Our Lady by the pastor Peter Hauser, this appeal fell on fertile ground, so that soon enough donations were received to start concrete planning. Pastor Hauser finally found the architectural model for the Golzheimer Marienkapelle during a visit to the pilgrimage church Notre-Dame-du-Haut near Ronchamp, which was completed by Le Corbusier in 1955 . The Düren architect Richartz was commissioned to design the Golzheim chapel based on Le Corbusier's work in the style of brutalism . In 1957 - on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Fátima - the Golzheim Chapel in the parish garden (corner of Pützstrasse / Johann-Kaspar-Kratz-Strasse) was built according to these plans. Earth from the graves of the shepherd children Jacinta and Francisco Marto rests under the floor slab . The statue of the Virgin Mary also came from Fátima, and was erected in the chapel on May 13, 1958 (41st anniversary of the first apparition of the Virgin Mary) during the first festive devotion (Pastor Hauser made four pilgrimages to Fátima). The highlight of Golzheim's veneration of the Virgin Mary is still the annual Fátima celebration on a Sunday in October.
Fátima chapel from the south
Fátima chapel from the west
Fátima Chapel from the northwest
Schützenhalle
The Marian Rifle Brotherhood in Golzheim built the shooting hall on its site on the south-eastern edge of the village, where the Schützenplatz is also located, in 1882. Since the brotherhood had previously used tents to hold their festivities, the shooting hall is still called “De Zelt” in Golzheim today. After the destruction of the old Golzheim parish church on October 7, 1895, the Schützenhalle served as a substitute church until the new church was completed in 1897 with the approval of the bishop.
Gasthaus "Zur Löv"
The inn on Aachener Strasse immediately catches the eye due to its design with a protruding high upper floor. The basement used to be an open hall, which was only later walled up. The name "Zur Löv" is derived from the Middle High German word for "Laube", which characterizes this type of construction. The name "Zur Löv" has been used since the second half of the 18th century. It remains doubtful whether the building used to be the seat of the court, as is often assumed. However, the owners of the inn change frequently. The Löv has been in new ownership since 2008. In 2009 and 2010 the building was completely refurbished and expanded into a 3-star plus hotel. The inner courtyard serves as an attractive beer garden and is run under the name Gasthaus Hotel *** zur Löv with a restaurant.
Manors
On the eastern edge of the village there is an estate , the so-called Ahrburg . The name goes back to the Ahr von Golzheim family. In the middle of the village - in today's Buirer Straße - there is another large estate, the Stacherburg . This estate goes back to a Junker Stach von Golzheim in the 13th century. The Hahnerhof , also located in the town center (corner of Buirer Straße / Pastoratstraße), can look back on over 160 years of history.
Wenauer Hof is located to the west of the village . In the area of Hunsgasse the now non-existent was Huttenhof . This had a forerunner, called Pützhof , which was presumably located elsewhere. The Schoellerhof is located in the area of the submerged hamlet of Bauweiler . The Hofsiedlung Hüppelheim , located southwest of Golzheim, probably disappeared in the Middle Ages.
Entrance to the Stachenburg
Outer wall of the Stachenburg in Buirer Strasse
View from the southwest of the Ahrburg
Hahnerhof
Wenauer Hof
Historical grave monuments
In the cemetery there are four grave monuments from the second half of the 17th century and twelve grave monuments from the 18th century. Another grave monument from the 18th century is located at the east entrance to the Ahrburg .
Grave cross Franz Martin Axer (1719)
Grave Cross Merten Rommerskirchen (1719)
Grave cross Anna Maria Froitzheim (1782)
Others
The graduate engineer for electrical engineering Josef Hilger has built up a large private collection in Golzheim for the television series Raumpatrouille - The fantastic adventures of the Orion spaceship . In 2000 he published a book about this collection that has become a standard work for fans of the series.
See also Orion Museum
Individual evidence
- ^ Rudolf AH Wyrsch: The holy Arnold von Arnoldsweiler. Legend and history of the veneration of a Rhenish saint. In: Forum Jülich History Issue 9 , Jülich 1994, pp. 73 f.
- ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 98 .
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. dueren.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated February 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on February 12, 2015)
- ↑ https://www.aachener-zeitung.de/lokales/dueren/originalrequisiten-aus-privater-sammlung-im-naturzentrum-eifel_aid-37470827
literature
- Ferdinand Bongard: On the history of the place and the Buir church , in: Kerpener Heimatblätter 3/1978, Kerpen 1978
- Hans J. Domsta: The wisdom of the Jülich offices of Düren and Nörvenich and the Lords of Burgau and Gürzenich , Düsseldorf 1983
- Hartmann, Renard: The art monuments of the Düren district , Düsseldorf 1910
- Josef Janssen, FW Lohmann: The world clergy in the Cologne archdiocese protocols; a Necrologium Coloniense 1661-1825 in three volumes , Cologne 1935/36, reprint with a foreword by Reimund Haas, Munich 1983
- P. Joerres: Document book of the St. Gereon monastery in Cologne , Bonn 1893
- Klaus Jonas and Karl-Heinz Meurer: Old grave monuments on the Golzheimer Friedhof , in: Festival book on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of the Golzheim shooting hall , Marian Rifle Society Golzheim, Golzheim 2007
- Mausbach: Norboniacum - The story of Nörvenich , Nörvenich 1975
- Karl-Heinz Meurer: Small chronicle of the pastors of Golzheim , in: Festschrift for the district rifle festival 1989 , Marianische Schützenbruderschaft Golzheim, Golzheim 1989
- Karl-Heinz Meurer: Das Golzheimer Brudergut , in: Festival book on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of the Golzheim shooting hall , Marianische Schützenbruderschaft Golzheim, Golzheim 2007
- Oediger, Regesta of the Archbishops of Cologne I, No. 637, owned by St. Omer and St. Bertin
- Josef Rubel: Snapshots from the history of Golzheim in the 19th century , in: Festschrift for the consecration of the flag on October 8, 1989 , Marianische Schützenbruderschaft Golzheim, Golzheim 1989
- Thomas Rubel: Pastor Hauser - 50 years pastor in Golzheim , in: Festschrift for the district shooting festival 1989 , Marianische Schützenbruderschaft Golzheim, Golzheim 1989
- August Scheep: Düren's war troubles in the years 1639-42
- Peter Staatz: The history of the Wenauer Hof in Golzheim , private report for Gerhard Schumacher (Wenauer Hof), Golzheim, May 18, 2003
- Armin Tille, Johannes Krudewig: Overview of the contents of the smaller archives of the Rhine Province I-IV , Bonn 1899-1915
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