Hermann V. von Wied
Hermann von Wied (born January 14, 1477 ; † August 15, 1552 at Altwied Castle ) was Archbishop and Elector of Cologne (1515–1547) and Prince-Bishop of Paderborn (1532–1547). He tried in vain to bring the Archbishopric to Protestantism with the Cologne Reformation .
Origin and youth
Hermann was the fifth son of Count Friedrich IV von Runkel zu Wied-Isenburg and his wife Agnes von Virneburg . Two of his older brothers, Adam († 1483) and Dietrich († 1507) were canons in Cologne and Trier , his younger brother Friedrich III. von Wied († 1551) was bishop of Münster from 1522 to 1532 . Count Wilhelm III were also older brothers . zu Wied and Moers († 1526) and Count Johann III. zu Wied-Runkel († 1533). Hermann had two sisters, Genovefa and Johanna . A nephew of Hermann was from 1562 to 1567 Archbishop of Cologne Friedrich IV. Von Wied († 1568).
At the age of six he was handed over to the Cologne Cathedral Chapter for education in 1483 , as his mother had died in 1478. When his brother Adam died shortly afterwards in 1483, Hermann received his position as canon of Cologne. In 1487, after his father died, Hermann became an orphan at the age of ten . On December 8, 1493, he enrolled in the law faculty of the University of Cologne.
Archbishop and Elector
choice
After the death of Archbishop Philipp II von Daun , he was elected the new Archbishop of Cologne by the Cologne Cathedral Chapter on March 14, 1515 . On June 26, 1515, Pope Leo X confirmed the election. However, it was still three years before the new archbishop was solemnly enthroned, as the Pope insisted on the ordination of priests and bishops.
Imperial politics and the fight against Protestantism
As elector, Hermann took part in the Imperial Assembly in Frankfurt in June 1519, at which Charles V was elected the new Roman-German king . In addition to Karl von Habsburg, there were also Francis I of France and Henry VIII of England . Karl was elected with the financial help of Jakob Fugger , and Hermann also received around 40,000 guilders in compensation for his vote.
On October 23, 1520 Hermann crowned, along with the archbishops of Mainz and Trier, the selected Charles V in Aachen solemnly emperor . At the subsequent festivities in Cologne on November 12, 1520, Luther's writings were publicly burned on the basis of the papal bull threatening ban, " Exsurge Domine " and with Hermann's consent. At this point in time Hermann was critical and hostile to the Reformation.
At the Diet of Worms in 1521, he voted for the ostracism of Martin Luther. He was one of the signatories of the Worms Edict . In 1523 he finally banned the reading and distribution of Martin Luther's writings in the Archdiocese of Cologne, and non-believers were arrested and expelled. At the Reichstag in Speyer in 1529 he voted to call a church assembly to restore religious peace. In the same year, on September 28, the Protestant preachers Peter Fliesteden and Adolf Clarenbach , the reformer of the Bergisches Land, were sentenced to death as heretics by the Cologne City Council and burned to death .
In 1531 Ferdinand I , a brother of Emperor Charles V , was elected Roman-German King. The choice was particularly controversial among the Protestant princes. Hermann crowned the elected in Aachen Cathedral.
In 1532 Hermann also became administrator of the Principality of Paderborn . He restored calm with the help of troops from County Wied . On October 16, 1532 he issued a sharp "Edict against all innovations in matters of religion" from Paderborn and another from Poppelsdorf in 1534 . In it the "secret meetings of the new doctrine" in the archdiocese were forbidden, the "preachers" and their followers were "to punish relentlessly without mercy" and the officials were instructed to "exterminate and destroy such weeds".
Reform efforts
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In 1536 Hermann called a provincial council for the ecclesiastical province of Cologne . Many clerics followed his call , including the bishops of the suffragans Liège , Minden , Munster , Osnabrück and Utrecht . At the provincial council under Hermann's leadership and with the significant participation of the strict Catholic Johannes Gropper , canon of St. Gereon in Cologne and probably also Cologne canon, various ordinances on church doctrines and customs were issued, which in 1538 in the sense of a "manual of Christian doctrine" were printed.
To Hermann's disappointment, the reform projects summarized in the manual were not implemented in practice in the following years. The elector placed new hope in the religious talks held in Hagenau , Worms and Regensburg in 1540/41 , which were convened with the aim of resolving the prevailing religious conflicts. Since the talks failed despite astonishing progress made in the meantime, but the church grievances in many Catholic territories were obvious, the Regensburg Farewell called for comprehensive church reforms in the individual diocesan areas, which each Reich prelate should carry out independently until a next council or a later Reichstag general would bring about a valid solution to the religious question.
Cooperation with Martin Bucer
Hermann von Wied took the Regensburg farewell as an opportunity to restart the reform projects that had stalled. In connection with the religious talks, he had come to know and appreciate the moderate Strasbourg reformer Martin Bucer . Since he had worked very constructively with Johannes Gropper in Hagenau, Worms and Regensburg and was highly regarded by both the moderate Catholic classes and the Kaiser, the Archbishop of Cologne hoped that Bucer's commitment would give him the opportunity to carry out a reform in Cologne, which moved beyond the polarization of denominations. A link with the Regensburg resolutions should make this possible.
However, Johannes Gropper did not agree with Hermann's plan, and when Bucer arrived in Bonn on December 14, 1542, a long, conflict-ridden phase in the debate about introducing church reform began. Gropper, the cathedral chapter as well as the scholastic and rector of the University of Cologne Matthias Aquensis demanded the immediate removal of Bucer. Hermann was forced to stop Bucer's sermons again.
In the spring of 1543, however, Hermann found support for the reform project among the estates of the archbishopric. In addition to Bucer, another moderate Protestant theologian, Philipp Melanchthon , was supposed to help reorganize the situation in Cologne.
From July 23rd to 26th, 1543, the elaborated reform work was presented to the states at the Bonn state parliament for assessment and decision-making. While the three secular estates (guilds, knights and cities) enthusiastically approved the "Cologne Reformation", the first, the clergy, raised so many objections to the reform project that a unanimous decision was not reached.
In September 1544, the cathedral chapter publicly appealed to the Pope and the Emperor to put a stop to Archbishop Hermann. On July 18, 1545, he was invited to Rome by the Pope and to Brussels by the Emperor . Hermann allowed himself to be justified by an envoy to the emperor and ignored the papal summons.
Fall
In the course of the dispute it became increasingly clear that the reforms of church conditions in Cologne could not be carried out in accordance with the cathedral chapter. On January 2, 1546 Hermann received from the papal legate Archbishop Girolamo Verallo (1497–1555) of Rossano the letter of his suspension from Paul III. His excommunication followed on April 16, and finally on July 3 the Pope declared him deposed and appointed Coadjutor Adolf III. von Schaumburg as administrator of the Archdiocese of Cologne. After receiving the third papal bull , however, Hermann publicly declared that he no longer recognized the Pope in Rome and that the deposition was therefore void.
On January 24th, 1547 the imperial commissioners Lalangus and Viglius reached Cologne and demanded from the estates of the archbishopric, the designated Adolf III. to swear allegiance to von Schaumburg. Hermann's support in the estates, however, was still largely unbroken. There was now a threat of an uprising, as large parts of the people in the archbishopric were ready to fight for Hermann. In order to prevent this misfortune, Hermann released the people from the oath of allegiance on the advice of Count Dietrich IV of Manderscheid-Schleiden (1481–1551) and Wilhelm II of Neuenahr and resigned as Archbishop of Cologne on February 25, 1547.
Later years
Hermann retired to Wied Castle . Under his patronage, the Society of Noble Living Self-Walking Water Art was founded on March 17, 1547 in Bacharach am Rhein. Hermann von Wied possibly wanted to venture a new beginning in the economic field with this company. He had appointed his personal physician Burchard Kranich as authorized representative. The founding members also included u. a. Counts Heinrich and Ludwig von Stolberg-Königstein , Adam Wachendorf and Arnolt von Kempen. On March 20, 1547, they received an official certificate from Hermann von Wied that they would appear and negotiate “in all nations” as an agent of this society, which suggests that the society wanted to be active in the entire territory of the Reich from the outset, which then also took place with the active support of the emperor. Hermann von Wied experienced the failure of this society in old age.
Ludwig von Stolberg-Königstein and his brother Heinrich together with the Cologne citizens Buckart Kranich, Arnd van Kempen, Job Schloßgen and Peter von Bergheim from the "Wasserkunstgesellschaft" vouched for debts of the former Archbishop Hermann V. von Wied in the amount of 15,000 guilders. until they were taken over by Wilhelm II and his son Hermann von Neuenahr in 1547/48 and replaced by Ludwig von Stolberg in 1554 except for a remaining amount of 4,000 guilders.
Hermann V von Wied died at Wied Castle on August 15, 1552 after having received the Lord's Supper under both guises. He was buried on August 17, 1552 with his parents in the Niederbieber church. Almost at the same time, the exequies for those excommunicated by the Pope were celebrated in Cologne Cathedral.
progeny
Hermann von Wied had no offspring. The claim made in the genealogical literature that Ida Wied (around 1538–1601), 1578–1588 / approx. 1599–1601 caretaker of the Premonstratensian monastery in Beselich , was a natural daughter of the Archbishop of Cologne cannot be proven anywhere and is arbitrary. The archival materials cited as evidence for the allegation contain no references to Hermann von Wied.
Remembrance day
August 15 in the Evangelical Name Calendar .
literature
- Hermann von Wied: Simple doubts. Reformation draft for the Archbishopric of Cologne from 1543 (= series of publications of the Association for Rhenish Church History No. 43). Translated and edited by Helmut Gerhards and Wilfried Borth. Press association of the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland, Düsseldorf 1972.
- Conrad Varrentrapp : Hermann von Wied and his attempt at the Reformation in Cologne. A contribution to the history of the German Reformation. Leipzig 1878.
- Andreea Badea: Electoral pre-eminence, sovereignty and reform. The failure of the Cologne Reformation under Hermann von Wied (= Reformation-historical studies and texts; 154). Aschendorff Verlag, Münster 2009.
- Leonhard Ennen : Hermann V. von Wied, Archbishop of Cologne . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, pp. 135-147.
- Rainer Sommer: Hermann von Wied: Archbishop and Elector of Cologne. Part I. 1477-1539 (= series of publications of the Association for Rhenish Church History 142). Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 2000.
- Rainer Sommer: Hermann von Wied. Archbishop and Elector of Cologne. Part II: 1539-1543 The Imperial Religion Talks and the attempt at reform in the Archbishopric of Cologne (= series of publications by the Association for Rhenish Church History 183). Publishing house Dr. Rudolf Habelt, Bonn 2013.
- Stupperich, Robert: Hermann V. Count von Wied. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 636 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
- “Hermann von Wied” on the website of the Prince of Wied
- The Reformation turn of a Cologne archbishop and its consequences. On the 450th anniversary of Hermann von Wied's death on August 15, 2002, by Hans-Georg Link (PDF file; 75 kB)
Remarks
- ↑ Jörg Brückner : Aristocracy and Mining: The Counts of Stolberg as Mining Entrepreneurs at the Beginning of the Early Modern Era , in: Eva Labouvie: Adel in Sachsen-Anhalt: Court Culture Between Representation, Entrepreneurship and Family , Cologne and Weimar 2007 (Böhlau Verlag), ISBN 3412129062
- ↑ See documents of May 9, 1547, February 2, 1548 (both not preserved) and May 26, 1549; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (B 11 documents from the county of Stolberg-Königstein, No. 89).
- ↑ See document of May 14, 1554; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (B 11 documents from the County of Stolberg-Königstein, No. 103).
- ↑ August Franzen, Eduard Hegel: History of the Archdiocese of Cologne , Volume 3, Bachem, 2008, page 159.
- ↑ Hellmuth Gensicke: Bourgeois and rural branches and descendants of Nassau noble families. In: Genealogisches Jahrbuch Vol. 8, Neustadt an der Aisch 1968, p. 47f.
- ↑ Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden, Altes Dillenburg Archive, Section 171, No. B 187 / B 188 (files of the Beselich Monastery 1612-1617)
- ↑ Hermann V. von Wied in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Philip II of Daun |
Archbishop and Elector of Cologne 1515–1547 |
Adolf III. from Schaumburg |
| Erich von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen |
Bishop of Paderborn 1532–1547 |
Rembert von Kerssenbrock |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hermann V. von Wied |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hermann V. of Cologne; Hermann II of Paderborn |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Archbishop of Cologne |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 14, 1477 |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 15, 1552 |
| Place of death | Wied Castle |