Neuhaus Castle (Neuhaus Castle)
The Schloss Neuhaus in named after him Paderborn district Schloss Neuhaus is an important building of the Weser Renaissance . It is located in an island-like location at the confluence of the Lippe , Alme and Pader rivers in the southeast corner of the Westphalian Bay .
history
The first mention of Neuhaus comes from the year 1016 and can be found in the Vita Meinwerci of Abbot Konrad von Abdinghof. It is mentioned in a document in 1036. Local home nurse Michael Pavlicic reports in the Chronicle of the St. Henricus Brotherhood from 2013 about the episcopal main court Nyenhus with the outlying areas Elesen, Ascha, Burch and Thune.
In 1257 the Paderborn bishops built a permanent house there in a protected location about four kilometers northwest of the city of Paderborn. Due to disputes with the citizens of the city, Bishop Heinrich von Spiegel finally moved the episcopal residence to Neuhaus in 1370 , from where the Prince Diocese of Paderborn was ruled until the annexation by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1802 . The oldest surviving component of today's four-wing complex, the Spiegel house , is named after him. Each additional component of the castle also receives its name from the respective client.
From 1524 to 1526, during the reign of Erich von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen , master builder Jörg Unkair built the Braunschweig House, which forms today's front.
In 1534, Hermann von Wied connected the two previously separate buildings with the building of the House of Cologne .
Between 1548 and 1560 was under Rembert von Kerssenbrock the Kerssenbrock house .
In 1590 Dietrich von Fürstenberg had the building expanded to the four-wing complex that is still in existence today. The size of the castle was almost doubled, and the four round towers were also built in this construction phase.
In 1736, the baroque garden was completed under Clemens August from Wittelsbach . The grenadiers of the Paderborn Infantry Regiment served as guards at the castle .
The castle was damaged during the Seven Years' War from 1756 to 1763.
After the Treaty of Lunéville , Prussia annexed the prince-bishopric in 1802 as compensation for the loss of territory on the left bank of the Rhine, although the constitutional basis for this with the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss did not come until a year later, in 1803. From now on the castle is no longer a residence.
After this annexation and a short interlude in the " French times ", in which the castle belonged to the Kingdom of Westphalia from 1807 to 1813 , it was used for military purposes. Then the castle garrison of the following cavalry units : Cuirassier Regiment "von Driesen" (Westphalian) No. 4 First Squadron (October 6, 1820 to 1833), Hussar Regiment "Emperor Nicholas II of Russia" (1st Westphalian) No. 8 (1851 to 1919), 15th Cavalry Regiment (1921 to 1945) (see also Officer Riding School in Paderborn ).
As a result of World War II , the castle grounds were now within the British occupation zone and were seized by the British Army of the Rhine .
It was not until July 19, 1964, after the community "Neuhaus" was renamed "Schloß Neuhaus" in 1957 on the occasion of the seven-hundredth anniversary of the castle and the British had officially returned the castle to the control of the federal government on August 19, 1959, did the community manage to to buy the castle and the adjoining area from the federal property administration responsible for administration at a price of DM 72,737.
The legend of the murdered roofer
A reclining stone figure stands out on the roof ridge of the west gable of the Fürstenberg house. Its origin is based on a legend, which is reproduced here in a short version:
Prince-Bishop Ferdinand von Fürstenberg (1626–1683) had invited to a hunt, including a close young relative, a Mr. von Spiegel , who was known as a good marksman, but had no luck on the hunt that day and was very angry about it.
When the hunting party returned to the castle, a roofer busy with repairs paused to watch the hunting party move in. The angry hunter aimed at the roofer - just to show what a good shot he was - and fatally hit him.
The bishop's order to seize the perpetrator escaped the bishop on horseback. Years later he visited Neuhaus again because he believed that the bishop had forgotten the murder. However, he was arrested, sentenced to death and executed at the Wewelsburg . A memorial was placed on the scene of the murdered craftsman.
The ballad Kurt von Spiegel by Annette von Droste-Hülshoff is based on this story.
Todays use
In 1967 the newly founded secondary school moved into the castle building with initially 32 students, today almost 800 students are taught by 43 teachers. In 1972 the Schloss Neuhaus grammar school was founded there, although it was only housed in the castle for one school year and then temporarily outside the castle grounds. In 1974 it was finally able to move into the newly built school center in the rear part of the castle park, which it shared with the neighboring Heinrich Hauptschule . Since the community of Neuhaus Castle was incorporated into the city of Paderborn on January 1, 1975, ownership of the castle grounds and the sponsorship of the three schools passed into the hands of the city of Paderborn on this date.
In 1994 the city of Paderborn hosted the state horticultural show of North Rhine-Westphalia at Neuhäuser Schloss , which resulted in the castle and floodplain park , which has been used for annual series of events, the castle summer , since 1995 .
The princely dining room of the castle (also incorrectly called " mirror hall " in Paderborn jargon ) is today the "good room" of the city of Paderborn and is used for representative events and marriages.
Since 2009 there has been a memorial plaque in the inner courtyard for the brothers Georg and Philipp von Boeselager , co-conspirators from July 20, 1944, who served in the 15 Cavalry Regiment at Neuhaus Castle.
Castle Bridge
patio
court
Garden side
Portal to the stair tower
At night
See also
literature
- Walter Becker: Neuhaus Castle. The former residential building of the Paderborn bishops . Schöningh, Paderborn 1970, DNB 456045260 .
- Norbert Börste: The castle in Neuhaus at the time of Ferdinand von Fürstenberg 1661–1683. In: Norbert Börste et al. (Ed.): Ferdinand von Fürstenberg: Prince of Peace and Good Shepherd; Prince-Bishop of Paderborn and Münster. Schöningh, Paderborn 2004, ISBN 3-506-71319-1 , pp. 437-464.
- Helmar Lange: The residential palace Neuhaus near Paderborn, an architectural and art historical consideration. The builder Jörg Unkair, his works and meaning . Dissertation . University of Bochum, Bochum 1979, DNB 810006383 .
Web links
- Entry on Neuhaus Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Historical museum in the stables of Neuhaus Castle
- Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe: Neuhaus Castle and Auenpark in LWL geodata culture
- 360 ° panorama picture of Neuhaus Castle in the Westphalian Cultural Atlas (requires Flash player )
Individual evidence
- ↑ History Garrison, Marstall-Museum ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 11.2 MB).
- ^ Rolf-Dietrich Müller: The difficult acquisition of Neuhaus Castle by the community. In: Studies and sources on the history of the town and castle Neuhaus, Vol. 2. Ed. I. A. of the Heimatverein Schloß Neuhaus by Michael Pavlicic. Neuhaus Castle 2009, pp. 49–82, here p. 73
- ^ Franz F. Wurm: Neuhaus Castle - History of the City and Residence of Neuhaus. 1936.
- ^ Schlosspark and Lippesee Gesellschaft mbH , the former Landesgartenschau GmbH.
Coordinates: 51 ° 44 ′ 43 " N , 8 ° 42 ′ 45" E