Winged altar
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The winged altar (also folding altar ) is a special form of altarpiece ( retable ) that is widespread in Central Europe , in which the fixed shrine can be closed by two ( triptych ), four (pentaptych) or more (polyptych) movable wings. The foreign words come from ancient Greek : τρίς trís 'three times', πέντε pénte 'five', πολύς polýs 'a lot' and πτυχή ptychē 'fold, layer'. Since the winged altar can offer changing views on working days, Sundays or public holidays, depending on the motifs and the type of design (painted panel or relief ), it is also called a convertible altar . A painted altar sheet is sometimes mounted on the altar shrine, but mostly it contains carved representations (carved altar). Above the reredos there is the burst with pinnacles and finials in some art landscapes . Below, in the on the Mensa lying predella , can in a Sepulcrum relics are kept.
Works
Belgium
Denmark
- Antwerp reredos in Roskilde Cathedral
Germany
- Herrenberger Altar , State Gallery Stuttgart
- Clear altar , Cologne Cathedral
- Altar of the city patron , Cologne Cathedral
- Marien Altar by Tilman Riemenschneider in Creglingen, Herrgottskirche
- Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum for Art and Cultural History Schloss Gottorf
- the largest collection of medieval reredos in Germany is in the St. Anne's Monastery in Lübeck , including the Passion Altar by Hans Memling and the Schonenfahrer Altar by Bernt Notke
- Schwabacher Altar in the town church of St. Johannes and St. Martin in Schwabach , a high altar from the workshop of Michael Wolgemut
France
Austria
- Pulkau winged altar in Lower Austria
- Pacher Altar from Sankt Wolfgang in the Salzkammergut in Upper Austria
- Kefermarkt winged altar in Upper Austria
- Winged altar of Tyrol Castle near Merano, today in the Tyrolean State Museum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck (copy in South Tyrol)
- Altar in Mauer bei Melk ( Master of the Altar von Mauer bei Melk )
Poland
- Kraków high altar in the Kraków St. Mary's Church by Veit Stoss
- The Last Judgment by Hans Memling , Danzig
Romania
- Mediasch Altar in the Margaret Church of Mediasch , Transylvania
- Biertan altar in the fortified church of Biertan , Transylvania
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Gemoll : Greek-German school and hand dictionary . G. Freytag Verlag / Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, Munich / Vienna 1965.
literature
- Herbert Schindler : The carved altar. Masterpieces and masters in southern Germany, Austria and South Tyrol. Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 1978, ISBN 3-7917-0550-4 .
- Caterina Limentani Virdis, Mari Pietrogiovanna: winged altars. Painted polyptychs of the Gothic and Renaissance periods. Hirmer, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-7774-9520-4 .
- Karl-Werner Bachmann, Géza Jászai, Friedrich Kobler, Catheline Périer-D'Ieteren, Barbara Rommé, Norbert Wolf : wing retable . In: Real Lexicon on German Art History . Volume 9: ridge crowning - wing retable. CH Beck (In commission), Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-14009-2 , Sp. 1450-1536.
- Rainer Kahsnitz : The large carved altars. Late Gothic in southern Germany, Austria and South Tyrol. Recordings by Achim Bunz. Hirmer, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7774-2625-3 .
- Burkhard Kunkel: image architecture. North German convertible retables as constructive developments of typological image systems in the late Middle Ages. In: Tobias Kunz, Dirk Schumann (Ed.): Work and reception. Architecture and its equipment. Festschrift Ernst Badstübner on the occasion of his 80th birthday (= studies on brick architecture. 10). Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-86732-114-3 , pp. 149-164.
