Landkirchen reredos

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The Landkirchen reredos from the surroundings of Bertram von Minden , around 1380, made of oak, carved, gilded and colored, 190 × 270 cm, with the wings open 190 × 544 cm, exhibit in Gottorf Castle in Schleswig

The Landkirchen retable is a late Gothic altarpiece that was created around 1380 in the vicinity of Bertram von Minden .

The retable was in the Church of St. Petri in Landkirchen on the Baltic Sea island of Fehmarn in Schleswig-Holstein until 1898 , then was exhibited in the Thaulow Museum in Kiel until 1940 and has been in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum for Art and Cultural History in Gottorf Castle since 1950 to be seen in Schleswig as one of the “oldest and most valuable exhibits”.

description

The Landkirchen retable is a two-line rectangular box retable with movable side wings . The central shrine is 190 cm high and 270 cm wide. When the wings are unfolded, the retable is 544 cm wide. The reredos did not have a crowning point .

The altarpiece is made of oak, which in 1997 was dated to a few years after 1370 in a dendrochronological examination. The oak was probably imported from the Baltic States because good and seasoned wood was scarce at the end of the 14th century due to increasing urban development. In addition, the broad annual rings indicate that it probably did not come from the Schleswig-Holstein area. Only the frame and door frames of the shrine and the wings are of inferior quality. The construction method of the retable is progressive for its time of creation.

The type of the retable is basically the same as the so-called Grabower Altar , which comes from St. Petri in Hamburg and is the work of Bertram von Minden. The predella has not been preserved; it was recorded in St. Peter's inventory in 1885 as “destroyed”.

The registers with architectonic compartments are the same height. The narrative picture program shows main scenes of the life of Mary , the childhood and youth of Christ, his passion and the resurrection of the Savior.

Image program

Lamentation of Christ, central shrine

Carved or holiday side

The colored carved or feast day side shows the Passion of Christ with the side wings open. The reliefs of the side wings are about 55 cm high, about 50 cm wide and about nine centimeters deep. All consist of a wide main block and a narrow secondary block that is about eleven centimeters wide. The reliefs of the central shrine are about 72 cm wide. They are made from two blocks that are placed next to each other and are almost the same width.

The reliefs of three compartments have not been preserved, they were missing as early as 1898. They may have been destroyed in the Thirty Years War . The crucifixion can be seen from the outlines of the primer in the lower center of the shrine . The outline of the primer in the upper middle field suggests the representation of a large group of people. Possibly the relief showed the feast in Bethany . The block of Maria Magdalena is missing in the upper right compartment of the right side wing ( Noli me tangere ) . The relief of the right wing at the bottom left has also not been preserved.

left wing Center shrine right wing
Christ's prayer in the garden of Gethsemane, Christ's betrayal by Judas Sending out the disciples through Christ, banquet in Bethany (not received), Christ's communion Christ in limbo (realm of the dead), noli me tangere
Flagellation of Christ, Christ crowned with thorns Christ carrying the cross, crucifixion of Christ (not preserved), lamentation of Christ Burial of Christ (not preserved), resurrection of Christ

Weekday page

Escape to Egypt

The depictions on the outside of the wing were hidden under a white-gray marbled painting, which was probably applied around 1715 when the reredos were moved to the aisle of St. Petri. They can be identified as scenes from the childhood of Jesus.

Only a few remains of the painting are preserved on the left wing. The two upper panels show the Annunciation on the left and the Visitation on the right , during which the pregnant Mary meets Elisabeth, who is also pregnant. The depiction at the bottom left shows the circumcision of Jesus, the child murder in Bethlehem follows on the right.

On the right wing, the birth and the adoration of the Magi are shown on the top left. Below is the flight to Egypt on the left and the twelve-year-old Jesus in the temple on the right in the midst of the scribes.

history

The reredos come from the St. Petri Church in Landkirchen on the Baltic Sea island of Fehmarn, photo from 2010

The Landkirchen retable was the high altar retable of the three-aisled hall church of St. Petri in Landkirchen, built around 1230. In 1715 it was moved to a side aisle when the church received a new baroque high altar retable. It is not known who commissioned the work. The art historian Uwe Albrecht referred to the role that Count Adolf VII played in the disputes over Fehmarn - because of his pro-Danish and anti- Luebian attitude, the Danish King Waldemar IV gave him the island as a fief. Albrecht did not completely rule out that it was a Schauenburg foundation.

In 1898 the parish sold the reredos for 800 marks to the Thaulow Museum in Kiel, which later became the first Schleswig-Holstein State Museum. Adelbert Matthaei , professor of art history at the University of Kiel and since 1893 member of the museum's board of trustees, played a key role in the acquisition . The reredos were badly damaged at the time. Two boxes with the picture boards and the shrine packed in a slatted crate were transported to Burgstaaken harbor and from there brought to Kiel by steamship Meta .

The first reception of the reredos in art history literature dates back to the late 19th century . The art historian Richard Haupt , Schleswig-Holstein's first state curator, described it in 1888 as “one of the best works in the state, towards the end of the 14th year”. Ernst Franz August Münzenberger recognized a connection with the retable of St. Nikolai in Burg on Fehmarn . The reredos are "in their disposition as well as their whole type [...] belong to a separate school of carvers". Adelbert Matthaei wrote in his conservational findings: "The current condition of the valuable work made the transfer to the museum appear desirable." Much had been spoiled by rotting and woodworm, but he saw opportunities to counteract the decay. The reredos were restored for the first time in the first decade of the 20th century.

During the Second World War , the holdings of the State Museum were moved from Kiel to Ostholstein. With the other works of church art, the reredos came to Schleswig in 1950 to Gottorf Castle, where it is exhibited in the Gothic Hall.

Restorations

The reredos from around 1900, provisionally set up in the Thaulow Museum in Kiel, before the first restoration in 1903/05

The painter Julius Fürst carried out the first restoration on behalf of the museum director Gustav Brandt . He had already gained experience with the restoration of paintings. Brandt sent him to complete his skills with two groups of figures from the Landkirchen reredos to learn how to restore carvings to Berlin. Richard Teusler was used as gilder. After two years, the work was initially completed in 1905. The missing reliefs were accepted.

In 1984/85 green glazed bosses made of softwood were placed on the defective areas. They recorded the outlines of the reliefs. The missing narrow relief of the Noli me tangere scene was misinterpreted. Instead of Mary Magdalene, the outline of a tree was attached. The bosses were later removed.

Other additions remained experiments. The missing parts were covered with photographs of reliefs from the reredos of St. Nikolai in Burg on Fehmarn. The decision was made against this solution, because the Burger Retable has a comparable iconographic program, but not the three-dimensional and barrel-technical quality of the Landkirchen reliefs.

Further restorations were carried out from 1994. The restoration concept for the reliefs was implemented in sections.

literature

  • Uwe Albrecht , Bernd B Wünsche (ed.): The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Reredos around 1400 in Northern Germany. Files from the international colloquium on October 4th and 5th, 2002 in Schleswig, Gottorf Castle. Verlag Ludwig, Kiel 2008, ISBN 978-3-937719-61-0 .

Web links

Commons : Landkirchener Retabel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Herwig Guratzsch, Uwe Albrecht, Bernd B possibly: Foreword. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Kiel 2008, p. 7.
  2. ^ Uwe Albrecht: On the art-historical position and classification of the Landkirchen reredos. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Kiel 2008, pp. 44–53, here p. 44.
  3. ↑ Susanne Riedel: Technical and painting-technical investigations on the shrine and on the wings of the Landkirchen reredos. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Kiel 2008, pp. 21–30, here pp. 24–25.
  4. ↑ Susanne Riedel: Technical and painting-technical investigations on the shrine and on the wings of the Landkirchen reredos. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Kiel 2008, pp. 21–30, here p. 24.
  5. ^ Uwe Albrecht: On the art-historical position and classification of the Landkirchen reredos. Kiel 2008, pp. 44-53.
  6. ↑ Heike Binger: The work and painting technique of the reliefs of the Landkirchen retable. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Kiel 2008, pp. 31–35, here p. 31.
  7. ↑ Bernd Bünsch: To deal with the missing reliefs of the Landkirchen reredos . In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Kiel 2008, pp. 39–43, here p. 39.
  8. ^ Uwe Albrecht: On the art-historical position and classification of the Landkirchen reredos. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Kiel 2008, pp. 44–53, here p. 50.
  9. ↑ Bernd B Wünsche: The painted outer sides of the wings of the map retable. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Kiel 2008, pp. 36-38.
  10. ↑ Susanne Riedel: Technical and painting-technical investigations on the shrine and on the wings of the Landkirchen reredos. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Kiel 2008, pp. 21–30, here p. 28.
  11. ↑ Bernd Bushi: The painted outside of the wings of the Landkirchen reredos. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Kiel 2008, pp. 36–38, here p. 36.
  12. ^ Uwe Albrecht: On the art-historical position and classification of the Landkirchen reredos. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Kiel 2008, pp. 44–53, here p. 53.
  13. ↑ Jan Drees: The way of the Landkirchen Altar in Kiel Thaulow Museum. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. P. 9-20, here P. 9.
  14. ↑ Quoted from: Jan Drees: The way of the Landkirchen Altar in the Kiel Thaulow Museum. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. P. 9-20, here P. 9.
  15. ↑ Quoted from: Jan Drees: The way of the Landkirchen Altar in the Kiel Thaulow Museum. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Pp. 9–20, here p. 10.
  16. ↑ Jan Drees: The way of the Landkirchen Altar in Kiel Thaulow Museum. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. P. 13.
  17. ^ A b Jan Drees: The way of the Landkirchen Altar in the Kiel Thaulow Museum. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Pp. 16-18.
  18. ↑ Bernd Bünsch: To deal with the missing reliefs of the Landkirchen reredos. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Kiel 2008, pp. 39–43.
  19. ↑ Heike Binger: The work and painting technique of the reliefs of the map retable. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Kiel 2008, pp. 31-35.