St. Nikolai (Castle on Fehmarn)
St. Nikolai is an Evangelical-Lutheran three-aisled hall church in Burg auf Fehmarn , today the city of Fehmarn , in the Ostholstein district (Schleswig-Holstein).
history
The St. Nikolai Church in Burg and the Petrikirche in Landkirchen are the oldest churches on the Baltic Sea island of Fehmarn. The date of the laying of the foundation stone is not known for either church. The first place of worship on the island was the Peter and Paul Chapel in the Puttgarden district , which was mentioned in a document in 1198. The construction of St. Nikolai was probably started around 1230.
The oldest part of the church comes from the transition from Romanesque to Gothic . The Romanesque building elements can be recognized on the outside by the arched frieze under the eaves, the north arch panel on the north side and arched windows, which were later converted into Gothic pointed arch windows, with the pointed arches breaking through the round arched frieze. The three eastern bays of the central nave and the two side aisles are Romanesque . In the 15th century the church was enlarged in the late Gothic style.
The third phase of construction began in 1505. The church received the sixth yoke. In 1506 the Likhus , the morgue, was added on the north side , which is now used as a sacristy, and on the south side the Garwekammer , demolished in 1842 , where liturgical implements and the vestments of the priests were kept. It was temporarily used as a burial chamber. The spiral staircase on the south side, which is no longer used today, also dates from the middle of the 15th century. The bell tower also comes from the third construction phase; it was completed in 1513. It was initially provided with a pointed roof, which was destroyed on November 3, 1760 by a heavy north-west storm. In 1763 the late baroque tower dome was completed.
The church was renovated twice in the 19th century, starting in 1817 and starting in 1846. A drawing dates from 1846 showing the Renaissance paintings of the vault with figures of apostles and animals. The paintings were whitewashed and later partially exposed, and the painted ashlar of the walls and pillars was reconstructed. In the 1930s, the nave and tower were restored again extensively and an attachment to the tower as Kalkkammer or Knakenkammer was designated (bone chamber) away. In 1936, the pipe and hot water heating was replaced by hot air heating. In 1939 the sculptor Georg Matthiesen (1873–1952) provided the cheeks of the new church stalls made of Brazilian pine with Fehmarn's coat of arms and house brands .
Without the tower hall, the church is 51 meters long and around 18 meters wide - 16 meters at the west end and 20 meters at the east end. The vaults are nine to eleven meters high.
inventory
Bronze baptism from 1391
The oldest inventory of the church is the bronze baptism with the Latin inscription anno milleno tricenteno nonageno primo non pleno fontem dedit hunc michi beno korp episcopus arosiensis - loosely translated: In the year 1391 (not fully) Beno Korp, Bishop of Arosia gave me [this baptism] . The hexagonal Gothic bronze baptismal font in the shape of a chalice is of Lübscher origin and is assigned to the Apengeter district . Its capacity is about 195 liters, which corresponds to 3 ohms (Lübeck Sachsen-Meiningen). The circumstances through which the baptismal font came to Fehmarn has not yet been fully clarified. The bishop of Arosia was probably Beno Korp, who was bishop of Västerås around 1391 . The place was founded in the Viking Age as a trading center under the name Aros . The silver baptismal bowl was made by the Lübeck silversmith Kolmann.
Stone baptism
The second baptism of the church, a stone baptism made of Gotland sandstone from the transition from Romanesque to Gothic, was lost, was discovered during excavation work in Süderstraße and put up again in 1928. The foot has been replaced.
pulpit
The Dutch Baroque pulpit from 1667 was donated by the Burger Pastor Matthias Lobetanz in memory of his wife Ingeborg Fabricius, who died that same year at the age of 34.
Wooden sculptures
Four wooden sculptures from the 15th and early 16th centuries - 50 to 80 cm high - depict Mary without the child, Mary Magdalene with an ointment vessel , St. Anthony with the pig and John with the chalice.
Punishments from God
On a pillar near the standing pulpit from the 20th century, a plaque with the heading “Gedechtnis der Strafen Gottes” and the signature “Peter Krumfues, the church leader” with the date “Anno 1632, February 4th” reminds of the hardships that happened to the residents of Burg in the 20s and 30s of the 17th century. A “great flood” of February 10, 1625 with high loss of human life and animals, hailstorms that destroyed the grain on June 18, 1626, the plague epidemic that took place between May 28 and October 11, 1629 in Burg and the surrounding area are mentioned 752 lives, including those of the three preachers of the congregation. The clergy Hinrich Maes (born July 12, 1584), which fell this epidemic on September 3, 1629 victims, reminds a renaissance - Epitaph .
Epitaphs
An epitaph, also in the Renaissance style, is dedicated to the mayor of Burg Claus Pries († 1666). The epitaph for the farmer Carsten Raloff († 1651) from Ostermarkelsdorf and his wife Gerdrut comes from the Baroque period. The epitaph for Mayor David Gloxin (1567–1646), who served together with Pries, is also in the Baroque style. That of Gloxin's four sons, including David jun. , the Syndicus and later mayor of Lübeck , and the Lübeck Canon Balthasar , donated Epitaph is probably a Lübeck work. Further epitaphs recall Benjamin Gloxin, the youngest son of Mayor David Gloxin from his fourth marriage, Frentz Rauert († 1709) and his wife Catharine Beyers († 1708) as well as Johannes Conrad Oporinus († 1684), who had been cantor in Bannesdorf .
The portrait of Friedrich W. Schumacher (* 1863 in Burg), who is known as a “friend and patron of the Burger Church”, is in the archive, painted by August Kück. Ten pastor pictures, most of them painted by A. Kück, can be found on the south side of the nave, including that of the provost Conrad Friedrich Stresow (original picture in St. Petri Landkirchen).
- Epitaphs in St. Nikolai
Epitaph Mayor Claus Pries
Epitaph Carsten Raloff and wife
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Main altar
The Gothic three-winged main altar dates from the second half of the 14th century. The artist is unknown. The iconographic image program is comparable to that of the Landkirchen reredos , which comes from St. Petri in Landkirchen and is a work from the environment of Bertram von Minden . Ernst Franz August Munzenberger (1833–1890) already recognized a connection between the two reredos, that they belonged “in their disposition as well as their whole type [...] to a separate school of carvers”. The faces are, however, depicted more roughly than in Landkirchen's reredos.
The carved pictures show scenes from the Passion story (top from left to right: Jesus in the garden of Getsemane, Judas kiss , Jesus with Mary and the apostles, the risen one at the Last Supper, the last supper, Christ's descent into the underworld , the risen one with Mary Magdalene ( Noli me tangere ); below from left to right: flagellation, interrogation before Pontius Pilate , lamentation of Christ, crucifixion, carrying the cross, resurrection, entombment).
Blaise Altar
The St Blasius Altar is the only (of eight) preserved side altar in the Nikolaikirche. He survived the "iconoclasm" of Conrad Friedrich Stresow (1705–1788), who was provost and consistorial councilor in Burg from 1761 to 1788. In 1698, the captain GF Giebel bought a place for his church chair for 80 marks, simply rebuilt the altar that was then on the pillar, painted the pictures over with gray paint and took other "integration measures". When the church chairs were dismantled in 1882 (that of the captain's gable has become the vestibule of the little south door that is no longer in use), the Blasius altar came to light again. The holes in it were temporarily sealed and an attempt was made to make the painted painting visible again. But it was only 1952/53 you went to a thorough restoration and came to realize that the image of Jacobus and the canopy are younger than predella and shrine. At the end of the 20th century, the Blasius altar was professionally overhauled, so that the late Gothic winged altar, which was built in 1513 and attributed to the master of the Schlutup Altar , can shine in its old splendor again today.
The representations: The painted predella shows Jesus as judge of the world, flanked by Mary and John; on the left an angel with the Friedelspalme, on the right an angel with a blood-red sword. On the canopy: Peter, Madonna with Child and Paul. Side panel on the left: Capture, including the beheading of St. Blasius side panel right: St. Blasius in the dungeon, below in the torture middle field: under Gothic canopies from left to right: St. Blaise, the Archangel Michael, the Evangelist Matthew. The closed altar shows on the panels from left to right the representation of Anna Selbdritt, St. Antonius (with the pig and the T-cross) and St. Jacobus d. Ä. (with pilgrim staff, pilgrim staff and pilgrim bag); the left panel is no longer there.
Covered by the altar is a fresco that is obviously intended to point out the dangers of alcohol: a black animal figure, obviously the “drinking devil”, sits on a large beer barrel.
organ
The church has had an organ from Detlef Kleuker since 1975 . This organ was built behind a historic prospect by Berendt Hus , which has been in Burg since 1940 and was originally built in the years 1661–1665 for the Glückstadt town church . It has 31 registers on 2 manuals and a pedal and has a second, mobile console in the nave.
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Crescent Madonna
The Crescent Madonna belongs to an altar that was destroyed in 1846 . The late Gothic work (early 16th century) made of wood was given a new shrine with tracery and halo from 1939–49 by the sculptor Georg Matthiesen. As a symbol of the “New Church”, Maria steps on the moon as Ecclesia as a symbol of the Old Testament . In contrast to many depictions, this Madonna steps on a head turned away from her.
literature
- Hans Wentzel : The baptismal font of Beno Korp and some related sculptures in Sweden and Northern Germany. In: Fornvännen 1938, pp. 129–153. pdf with various images
- Pastor (Richard) Trede: The St. Nikolai Church in Burg on Fehmarn: Its history - its inventory - its houses and chapels - its servants . Parish Burg auf Fehmarn, Burg auf Fehmarn 1985, 4th edition 2009
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Epitaphs. St. Nikolai Church, accessed November 6, 2014 .
- ↑ Bernd Bünsch: To deal with the missing reliefs of the Landkirchen reredos. In: Uwe Albrecht , Bernd B possibly (Hrsg.): The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Reredos around 1400 in Northern Germany. Files from the international colloquium on October 4th and 5th, 2002 in Schleswig, Gottorf Castle. Verlag Ludwig, Kiel 2008, ISBN 978-3-937719-61-0 , pp. 39-43.
- ↑ Quoted from: Jan Drees: The way of the Landkirchen Altar in the Kiel Thaulow Museum. In: The Landkirchen reredos in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle. Pp. 9–20, here p. 10.
- ↑ The organ on OrganIndex
Coordinates: 54 ° 26 ′ 9.7 " N , 11 ° 11 ′ 45.7" E