David Gloxin (politician, 1597)

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David Gloxin
David Gloxin, engraving by Pieter de Jode the Younger
Signatory of the Peace of Münster
Gloxin's coat of arms in the Großer Gröpelgrube

David Gloxin (born March 16, 1597 in Burg auf Fehmarn ; † February 26, 1671 in Lübeck ) was a mayor and diplomat of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck.

ancestors

David Gloxin's family on his father's side came from Frankfurt an der Oder . The grandfather Balthasar Gloxin († 1604) was pastor and superintendent in Arnswalde . His brother Benjamin Gloxin was a pharmacist and mayor of Worms .

David Gloxin's father of the same name, David (1568–1646), became rector of the Latin school in Woerden (Netherlands) in 1588 after studying in Vienna . In 1592 he married his first wife there, David Gloxin's mother Margareta von Hövelstein († 1609). She was the daughter of the mayor Gisebrecht of Hoevel stone in Bodegraven . In addition to David the Younger, the three daughters Elisabeth, Margaretha and Rahel and two other sons come from this marriage: Gysebrecht (* 1593) became organist in Stettin and Balthasar (1601–1654) a Holstein chancellery and Lübeck canon .

In 1595 David Gloxin the Elder settled down as city secretary and organist in Burg on Fehmarn, where he later became councilor and in 1630 mayor. After the death of his first wife, he married three more times. Four younger half-siblings and the second stepmother died of the plague in 1629 , which killed half of the residents of Fehmarn . David Gloxin the Elder then married a fourth time and had another son, Benjamin. He died with his older sons in Lübeck. They erected an epitaph for him in the Nikolaikirche in Burg.

Life

After his mother's death, Gloxin and his brother Balthasar were sent to the newly founded princely school of the Joachimsthal Gymnasium in Joachimsthal in 1613 . After two years, they switched to the pedagogy in Szczecin , where school was completed. From 1617 he then studied law with his brother Balthasar at the universities of Wittenberg and Rostock . In 1624 they parted ways. Balthasar entered the service of Lübeck Bishop Johann Friedrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf , while David to doctor doctorate in law and a companion of two noble young men from the family Pogwisch undertook an educational journey which took him to Holland , England , France and Spain led . On the return journey he stayed in the cities of Strasbourg and Speyer for a long time . He then worked as a lawyer in Rostock.

In 1632, he first entered the service of Duke Friedrich III as a councilor . from Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf . In 1636 he became canon in Lübeck. The stipend he left in 1642 his brother Balthasar, who his son Friedrich Hans Gloxin (1635-1684) as ducal council inherited.

In 1642 he became Syndicus of the City Council of Lübeck as the successor to Syndicus Leonhard von der Borgh, who had died of a stroke, and soon developed a notable focus on foreign affairs in this city. As early as 1642 he represented the city together with the councilor and later mayor Hermann von Dorne at the Danish court in Copenhagen in matters of the sound tariff .

Negotiations after the Thirty Years War

David Gloxin represented the city and together with the Bremen envoy Gerhard Coccejus and the Hamburg envoy Johann Christoph Meurer the Hanseatic League from 1645 to 1648 at the peace negotiations in Osnabrück . As negotiator of the Hanseatic League, he demanded the restoration of the state of 1618. The demand for religious restoration also failed because of the protests of Catholic Hanseatic cities such as Cologne . Gloxin was able to secure the imperial immediacy of the cities of Bremen , Hamburg and Lübeck . At the same time he took part in the Princely Council as a representative of the Diocese of Lübeck, the Duchy of Saxony-Lauenburg and the County of Mömpelgard . He succeeded in securing the existence of the Lübeck bishopric , which was the only Protestant prince bishopric in the empire to survive.

Finally, he was a participant in the Nuremberg Execution Day 1649 to 1650, in the Lower Saxony district assemblies in 1649, 1652 and 1663 and in the Reichstag in Regensburg in 1653/1654 . He was in close contact with Otto von Guericke , the Magdeburg envoy, whose demands for the restoration of imperial freedom of Magdeburg he supported. 1653 appointed him Emperor Ferdinand III. to the Imperial Council.

Mayor of Lübeck

In 1666 David Gloxin was elected to the Lübeck council and at the same time was elected mayor. He achieved 1663-1667 in favor of the city, the rejection of the claims of the Lübeck Johanniskloster on the imperial immediacy . Through constitutional reforms such as the cash court case , he opposed the Lübeck patriciate and advocated reforms of the state. Together with the mayor Matthäus Rodde , he negotiated the Lübeck citizen recession in 1669 . He is considered to be the most capable political head in Lübeck in the 17th century and beyond. The man with strong self-confidence had his success with serious arguments to pay for his personal and political integrity, which is reflected in extensive diatribes.

In 1659 he set up the Gloxin Foundation in Lübeck's Schildstrasse , where he has lived in Brömserhof (No. 12) since 1652 . The building was decorated with his coat of arms. After doctor Matthias Ludwig Leithoff dissolved the poor run , the foundation was moved to the Große Gröpelgrube and his coat of arms was attached to the 17th century building there in 1819.

In 1667 he became head of the Petrikirche, 1668 at the cathedral, St. Jacobi and the Holy Spirit Hospital, 1669 at St. Marien. Together with his brother-in-law, he administered the so-called Schabbel scholarship , which Heinrich Schabbel (1565–1639), a Hamburg relative of his wife, had donated and which enabled many talented Lübeckers to study, including his grandson August Hermann Francke. Presumably it was also he who referred the Fehmarn organist Franz Tunder to the Marienkirche.

He was buried in Lübeck Cathedral . Its epitaph in the south aisle was destroyed in the air raid on Lübeck on March 29, 1942 .

family

David Gloxin married Anna Schabbel, the sister of the local mayor Heinrich Schabbel , on February 8, 1625 in Wismar . His daughter Margarethe Elisabeth (1629–1671) married Valentin Heider in 1647 , who represented several Protestant imperial cities in the peace negotiations in Osnabrück and Nuremberg. David Gloxin was the grandfather of August Hermann Francke (1663-1727) through his daughter Anna (1635–1709), who married the syndic of the Ratzeburg cathedral chapter Johannes Francke . The youngest son Anton Heinrich (1645–1690) was a lawyer and imperial councilor. He took over the administration of the family foundations from his father and supported the young widowed sister Anna in bringing up her children. Two other sons, Friedrich and David, were enrolled in Rostock as children in 1643. Friedrich died as a student in Jena in 1654 when he wanted to settle a dispute between fellow students. David and his uncle of the same age, David Gloxin's youngest half-brother Benjamin Gloxin, also died as students in Jena, both probably after a long illness. David Gloxin put an epitaph for his brother in the church in Burg, which was renewed in 1671 by his son Anton Heinrich using the old portrait.

literature

Web links

Commons : David Gloxin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Antjekathrin Graßmann: Gloxin . In: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck 6, p. 98
  2. ^ Antjekathrin Graßmann: Gloxin, David (1568–1646) . In: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck 6, p. 101f
  3. ^ Antjekathrin Graßmann: Gloxin, Balthasar . In: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck 6, p. 99f
  4. ↑ The epitaph bears the inscription: The Eve of Honor, honorable, well-learned and wise Mayor David Gloxinius is blessed on September 11th, 1646 in the 79th year of his age, after he faithfully presided over this city in churches and regiments for 54 years fell asleep in God and have 4 sons who survived: Giesebrecht - D. David, the keyserl. free imperial city Lübeck Syndicus - D. Balthaser, the Prince of Schleswig-Holstein ruling. Your Highness Councilor and Canon of the Thumberstift in Lübeck - and have Benjamin put this epitaph after her blessed father in honor and good memory. ( Epitaphs of the Nikolaikirche Burg )
  5. ^ Gustav Kramer: Contributions to the history of August Hermann Francke: containing the correspondence between Francke and Spener , Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, 1861, p. 5 ( digitized version )
  6. ↑ Entry in the Rostock matriculation portal , SS 1612, No. 39
  7. ^ Wolfgang Prange : Directory of the Canon. In: Ders .: Bishop and cathedral chapter of Lübeck: Hochstift, principality and part of the country 1160-1937. Lübeck: Schmidt-Römhild 2014 ISBN 978-3-7950-5215-7 , p. 394 No. 257 (David Gloxin); 395 No. 268 (Balthasar Gloxin); 396 No. 273 (Friedrich Hans Gloxin)
  8. ^ Rainer Postel : On the "Preservation of the commercien and above having privilegia". Hanseatic politics at the Westphalian Peace Congress. In: Heinz Duchhardt (ed.): The Westphalian Peace: Diplomacy, political turning point, cultural environment, history of reception . Historical magazine Beiheft 26 (1998), pp. 523-540; P. 533
  9. ^ Rudolf Engelhardt, Ditmar Schneider: "An honorable council will observe the common city's benefit". Newly acquired Gericke letter from the Westphalian peace congress in Osnabrück, 7./17. December 1646 ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Magdeburger Wissenschaftsjournal 2007, pp. 38–47; P. 41f (pdf, accessed December 8, 2014) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.uni-magdeburg.de
  10. ↑ David Gloxin's epitaph in Lübeck Cathedral around 1920 on bildindex.de; Georg Wilhelm Dittmer reproduces the inscription on the epitaph .
  11. ↑ Werner Dobras: Heider, Valentin in the Internet portal Westphalian Peace
  12. ^ Registration of Friedrich.
  13. ^ Title of the eulogy for Friedrich Gloxin
  14. ↑ Funeral sermon for David Gloxin and "Personalia" following the funeral sermon for Benjamin Gloxin
  15. ↑ Epitaphs of the Nikolaikirche Burg
personal data
SURNAME Gloxin, David
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gloxinus, Dauid
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mayor and diplomat
DATE OF BIRTH March 16, 1597
PLACE OF BIRTH Castle on Fehmarn
DATE OF DEATH February 26, 1671
Place of death Lübeck