Neheim

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Neheim
City of Arnsberg
Neheim coat of arms
Coordinates: 51 ° 27 ′ 11 "  N , 7 ° 57 ′ 39"  E
Height : 152 m above sea level NHN
Area : 22.92 km²
Residents : 22,955  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 1,002 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1941
Incorporated into: Neheim-Hüsten
Postal code : 59755
Area code : 02932
Neheim from the air
Neheim from the air
Town hall of the city of Arnsberg

Neheim is a district of Arnsberg in the Hochsauerlandkreis . The place was fortified in the 13th century and served the border protection first of the county of Arnsberg and later of the Duchy of Westphalia opposite the county of Mark . In 1358 Neheim received city rights. The city belonged to the Hanseatic League . Industrial development began in the 1830s. With the production of lights in particular, a highly specialized metal industry developed. On April 1, 1941, Neheim-Hüsten was created by merging the town of Neheim and the community (freedom) Hüsten . Neheim-Hüsten came to Arnsberg on January 1st, 1975. The Neheim-Hüsten district was divided into the Neheim and Hüsten districts in 1983. In 2019 Neheim had 22,955 inhabitants.

geography

Geographical location

Confluence of the Möhne (in the picture in the back) and Ruhr

Neheim is located in the northwest part of the Hochsauerlandkreis, directly southwest of the Arnsberg Forest Nature Park . It is located a little northwest of the Arnsberg core city in the Ruhr valley . Neheim is located at the confluence of the Möhne into the Ruhr.

The federal motorway 46 runs through Neheim and Hüsten .

The area of ​​Neheim is 20,430 km².

Local division

Neheim consists of the following districts :

District Residents
Bergheim 3843
Totenberg 1734
Moosfelde 2976
Alder break 1489
Neheim-Ost 3251
Neheim-Mitte 2798
Neheim-Süd 1211
Binnerfeld 1691
Müggenberg-Rusch 4231

history

Parish Church of St.Johannes-Baptist in Neheim

Middle Ages and early modern times

Neheim was first mentioned in a document in 1202. In a document from Count Gottfried II von Arnsberg, a Hermannus de Nihem and his sons Hermann and Wilhelm were named as witnesses. The place was fortified in the 13th century . On July 25, 1358, the town was granted city rights by Count Gottfried IV von Arnsberg . Along with other knight families, the von Neheim family belonged to the crew of Neheim Castle.

In 1607 at the latest, the rifle brotherhood was formed from the vigilante groups at that time; today it is the oldest association of people in Neheim. In 1807 the city was badly damaged by fire. The reconstruction was no longer arbitrary, but according to a "development plan" with straight streets.

Development into a city of lights

It turned out to be particularly disadvantageous for the city that textile production, which was relatively important in the 18th century, was no longer able to cope with industrial mass-produced goods in the first decades of the 19th century. The result was a profound agriculturalization and impoverishment of the urban population. This changed in the 1830s with the settlement of the first metalworking factories.

In the course of time, the partly local and partly immigrant entrepreneurs specialized more and more in the production of ( petroleum ) lights and the necessary components. This industry boomed, especially after it was connected to the railway ( Obere Ruhrtalbahn ) in the 1870s. According to the imperial statistics of 1905, Neheim was the place with the densest concentration of lighting production sites; the number of those employed in this branch was only exceeded in Berlin . But, among other things, competition from electric lighting ended this phase. Some of the entrepreneurs reacted by converting to the new technology even before the First World War .

The city changed little in the first decades of industrialization. There was already immigration from the Sauerland and the adjacent industrial areas, but a large part of the workforce were locals, many of whom owned homes or even had a small part-time farm. This began to change since the 1870s, and especially in the last decade before the turn of the century. During these decades, as in neighboring Hüsten, there was an above-average population increase, primarily due to immigration. Between 1870 and 1905 the population increased by an average of 4.13 percent annually. This increased the population from 2,947 to 10,074 inhabitants. Statistically speaking, the city remained a small town, but was, closely followed by Arnsberg, the largest municipality in the Cologne Sauerland.

Due to population growth, the city expanded beyond the limits of the 1807 plan since the 1870s. New districts emerged. Since Neheim and Hüsten had a common train station , the two towns gradually grew together. At the turn of the century in particular, the city was wealthy enough to build a new town hall in 1902 and a new church in 1911 ( called "Sauerland Cathedral" because of its dimensions, similar to St. Johannes-Baptist in Attendorn). In addition, the urban development made an orderly supply and disposal with water, gas and finally from 1896 also with electricity necessary. There were also new schools and other municipal facilities.

With immigration and population growth, the character of the population also changed. Commercial-agrarian livelihoods only played a subordinate role, while the number of dispossessed industrial workers rose significantly. The negative sides of industrialization also became apparent in Neheim. The number of boarders and sleepers was high and at times child labor was not uncommon, especially in the home assembly of lighting parts.

Luminaire production 1972
Memorial for the victims of the flood disaster at the Möhnestausee in Neheim

Despite the successful conversion of production to electric lights, the export-dependent industry in Neheim was dependent on global economic developments and threatened by competition long before the much-lamented " globalization ". As early as the 1920s, for example, entrepreneurs in Neheim complained about increasing Japanese production. Hardly anything has changed in this regard even after the Second World War.

While the Neheim metal and lighting industry experienced another boom in the “economic boom”, the consumer goods industry had a hard time adapting to the new global economic conditions in the 1970s and 1980s. Numerous lighting companies had to close, and other traditional companies migrated to the industrial areas in the neighboring communities. The Kaiser-Leuchten company also went through this development . Nevertheless, Neheim continued to be an important production site. These include such well-known companies as BJB , Umarex and Schroth-Gurte .

Political history until 1933

Since the second half of the 19th century, the predominantly Catholic denomination on the one hand and the social situation of industrial workers on the other have been decisive for political behavior in Neheim and Hüsten . The first factor led to the fact that, since the Kulturkampf , the Catholic workers also voted almost exclusively for the Center Party . The social dimension played a role insofar as there was in part a denominational and political opposition to the economic bourgeoisie. Among them were a relatively large number of Protestants and voters from conservative or liberal parties.

Since the 1890s at the latest, the Center Party had had a markedly socio-political character. The workers remained firmly connected to the Catholic milieu and made it difficult for the social democratic workers' movement to gain a foothold in the towns. In Neheim there had already been a socialist electoral association in 1903, but the party was not able to firmly establish itself until 1911.

Poster for a strike at the Brökelmann company at the beginning of the 20th century

The articulation of interests of the majority of the population included labor disputes and trade unions.

In Neheim it was not until the end of the 1890s that a labor movement began to form. The fact that a Christian trade union movement only developed at this time also played a role in this delay . Only then did a form of organization emerge that was generally acceptable for the influential clergy and the Catholic milieu . Against this background, the Christian-oriented " Sauerland Trade Union" of metal workers was established in Neheim in 1899 . A lost strike forced the organization to join the Christian Metalworkers Association. Nevertheless, the number of members fell to a minimum. Around 1910 there was a revival in trade union organization. Within a few years, more than a thousand workers were organized, and the union was the largest organization in town numerically, alongside the Rifle Brotherhood. Until the end of the Weimar Republic, the city was a stronghold of the Christian trade union movement.

Since the Second World War

Neheim-Hüsten was created on April 1, 1941 by merging the city of Neheim and the freedom of Hüsten. Since the incorporation on January 1, 1975, the place is part of Arnsberg. Neheim and Hüsten have been independent districts of Arnsberg since 1983 .

When the dam of the Möhnetalsperre broke on May 17, 1943 after a bomb attack , a flood wave of up to 12 meters high occurred in the Möhne Valley. The buildings in Neheim near the river were also hit by the tidal wave. There was massive destruction of buildings and casualties among the civilian population. The dead in the Möhnewiesen forced labor camp were particularly numerous .

After the Second World War, Neheim-Hüsten was a stronghold of an emphatically socially oriented wing in the newly founded CDU . However, on March 1, 1946 in Neheim-Hüsten (Karolinenhospital Hüsten), Konrad Adenauer was elected chairman of the zone committee of the Christian Democratic Union. As is well known, this was closer to the bourgeois wing of the Union. The “ Neheim-Hüsten program ”, which Adenauer played a key role in, is evidence of this .

Population development

year 1871 1885 1895 1905 1925 1933 1939 1961 1970 1974 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Neheim 2947 4910 7454 10,074 12,309 13,542 15,063 - - - 22,958 22,922 23,132 23,216 23,085 23.003 22,955

Architectural monuments and sights

Former synagogue in Neheim

The monuments and sights in Neheim include (selection):

Regular events

Donor celebration

The donor celebration to commemorate the donation of the city forest made by Count Gottfried IV von Arnsberg in 1368 is particularly rich in tradition . For several years now, a city delegation has been traveling to Cologne to lay a wreath on the grave of the Count in the cathedral. In Neheim and Hüsten, the members of the city council traditionally distribute sweet rolls to school children on this occasion. In the evening there will be a festive event with the “donors' meal”.

Neheim rifle and hunter festival

Presumably in 1607 at the latest, the Neheim shooting society was founded. At that time it still acted as a vigilante group, today it has grown into one of the largest associations in the city. In the 19th century, the strict admission requirements (Catholic denomination, local citizenship) ensured that the “Hunters' Association” was founded for the many new residents. The conditions of admission were intended to establish a bond between the vigilante group (Schützenbruderschaft) and the city of Neheim, but were abandoned at the beginning of the 20th century for reasons of structural change. Today women are also welcome in the fraternity. Both associations exist side by side to this day and alternate each year in holding a large folk festival (rifle or hunter festival). The Neheimer Schützenfest is the largest shooting festival in the Sauerland.

Every year, thousands of visitors come to the city center for the Neheimer Volksfest, where a folk festival is celebrated for four days. One of the highlights is the pageant on Sunday; In 2007, the organizers reckoned with 20,000 visitors, but the police estimates were over 30,000.

Other Events

In Neheim, the carnival (in the Electoral Cologne tradition), carried out in particular by the carnival society Blau-Weiß-Neheim, is one of the most popular events of the year. Well-known medical advanced training events in the fields of hematology , intensive care and emergency medicine are regularly held on site. Since 1965 international writers' meetings have taken place in Neheim-Hüsten, from which the International Short Story Colloquium , which took place until 1994, emerged . The Fresekenmarkt has been taking place in Neheim for over 30 years, particularly supported by the retail trade. The Dies Internationalis has also existed for more than thirty years as an encounter between different cultures. The rock festival Under the Bridge took place every year under a motorway bridge . It was organized by a voluntary initiative. In 2006 Die Ohrbooten performed , the winners of the Ruth (Music Prize) 2006. The festival was discontinued due to a lack of support. In the workshop gallery Der Bogen im Kunst-Werk am Kaiserhaus , exhibitions and performances by the dance theater associated with the arch take place several times a year.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Josef Cosack

Connected personalities

Honorary citizen

Town twinning

Bexleyplatz in Neheim

Since 1971 there has been a town partnership with Borough Bexley in Great Britain .

Web links

Commons : Neheim  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b City of Arnsberg: Residents main and secondary residence by district , accessed on May 27, 2020
  2. ^ Philippe Dollinger . Dzieje Hanzy: XII - XVII wiek. = The German Hansa. / Tłum .: Vera Soczewińska. Edmunda Cieślaka - Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Moskie, 1975. - 3250 egz. - P. 357.
  3. ↑ http://www.arnsberg.de/stadtentwicklung/infos/
  4. ↑ https://www.arnsberg.de/archiv/archivalien/04_Neheim-Huesten.pdf
  5. ↑ Population statistics of the city ​​of Arnsberg (as of December 31, 2011) ( Memento from February 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), formerly in the original retrieved on March 18, 2012.
  6. ↑ 625 years Neheim and Hüsten, urban history series of publications of the city of Arnsberg, 1983, page 9.
  7. ↑ Stephanie Reekers: The regional development of the districts and communities of Westphalia 1817-1967 . Aschendorff, Münster Westfalen 1977, ISBN 3-402-05875-8 , p. 264 .
  8. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 330 .
  9. ↑ Helmuth Euler: When Germany's dams broke. The truth about the bombing of the Möhne-Eder-Sorpe dams in 1943. Motorbuch, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-87943-367-4 .
  10. ↑ https://www.arnsberg.de/informationen/EWO_Ent Entwicklung_2000_bis_2019_HWI_NWI_nach_Stadtteile.pdf
  11. ↑ Brief description of the donors' celebration and the funeral of the counts
  12. ^ Homepage of the Dies Internationalis
  13. ↑ Homepage "under the bridge"
  14. ↑ Homepage workshop gallery Der Bogen