Bruchhausen (Arnsberg)

Bruchhausen City of Arnsberg
Coordinates: 51 ° 25 ′ 27 ″  N , 8 ° 1 ′ 1 ″  E
Height :	169 m
Area :	2.09 km²
Residents :	3198  (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density :	1,528 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	1st January 1975
Postal code :	59759
Area code :	02932
Aerial photo (2013)

Bruchhausen is a district of the city of Arnsberg in the Hochsauerlandkreis with 3198 inhabitants.

location

Bruchhausen lies in the valley of the Ruhr . To the southeast, the place borders on the Niedereimer district and to the northwest on the Hüsten district . To the north-east of the village, the A 46 motorway (also the B 7 ) passes, behind which lies the Arnsberg Forest Nature Park . To the southwest, the Tempelberg separates the town from the Müschede district . To the north is the Bruchhausen Landscape Protection Area .

history

prehistory

Significant events that took place in the town for historiography have not been passed down. There is also no evidence of significant archaeological finds.

History in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times

Catholic Church in Bruchhausen

Bruchhausen was first mentioned in writing in 1295 as the seat of a line of the Ministrals of the Counts of Arnsberg . Several farms belonged to their property. After the von Brockhusen family died out, different sexes alternated before the complex finally passed into the possession of the von Fürstenberg family. The Bruchhausen farm was roughly in the area of ​​the Große Wiese sports center as far as Lindenstrasse. The former manor was behind the sports center, the porter's house by the old forester's house. In addition, there was another court that was owed to the Cologne electors . This farm stood to the west of the Bruchhausen farm, the area recently belonged to the Hüsten Freedom. Another settlement in Lüttkebruchhausen was destroyed during the Soest feud in 1444/45 and was no longer repopulated. In a recording by the Soest secretary vd Laken it is reported that during a raid the Soester wunne de stenen warden, twe Hoveluide apartments Brochusen and Varnagen, plundered what dair what and burned se do yn Grunt (won the stone waiting rooms , the apartments of two courtiers, Bruchhausen and Varnhagen, looted what was there and burned it to the ground). Agricultural tools and livestock were also stolen. The desert lay on the right bank of the Ruhr, above Bruchhausen opposite the freedom Huisten. The farms were lent to Godescalcus de Brochusen and Bernardus dictus Wulf by the Counts of Arnsberg. The main courtyard, the Curtis Wagenburg, was owned by the nobles of Ardey.

Around 1450, the then pastor of Hüsten (the son of the mayor of Soest from his origins) is supposed to have the Rodentelgen chapel built as atonement for the atrocities committed during the fighting . After being destroyed by a flood from the Ruhr, it was rebuilt in 1464. The chapel was expanded again and again in the following centuries in five construction steps. A hermitage belonged to this chapel. In a treatise in the Blätter zur Closerkunde about Westphalia, the chapel is reported on in 1839: It stands between Arnsberg and Hüsten near the village of Bruchhausen. Bruchhausen did not have its own field mark , but some farmers were involved in the mark in Hüsten.

Development since industrialization

With the upswing of industry in neighboring Hüsten, the social and economic structure of Bruchhausen changed from an agricultural community to an industrial town. Until then, the toilet was the center of the settlement, the area was not at risk of flooding and there was plenty of room for expansion. Because of the settlement of industry, the center of the town shifted in the direction of Arnsberger Strasse and Krellstrasse, from here the commercial workplaces were easier to reach. After 1870, a rolling mill of the Hüsten trade union was built directly on the Ruhr as a subsidiary . In addition, a chemical charring plant came from the same operator. While the rolling mill was shut down in the first decades of the 20th century, the charring plant remained as a chemical factory with a different focus on production. The factory was owned by Degussa for a long time before the Swedish company Perstorp took over.

Building development

Around 1890 the iron and steel works built stone houses for their employees on Werkstrasse. Until then, the appearance of the place was characterized by half-timbered houses. These stone semi-detached houses were lined up closely. Because of a path at the back of the building no gardens could be created, so areas for cultivation with horticulture and livestock farming were created on the other side of the street. In the period from 1900 to 1920, private individuals built individual private houses on Arnsberger Strasse, which differed greatly from the monotonous workshops and which also densified the settlement area. Most of these new houses also had stables and gardens. The connection between the new and old settlement area was established by the houses on Klausenstrasse that were built before the First World War . The entrances and landscaped front gardens are particularly noticeable here. These houses were built by the industrial masters and skilled industrial workers. After 1920, HIAG had semi-detached houses built on Kettlerstrasse for its employees. They had a bay window, a large window front for an unobstructed view of the Ruhr valley and spacious staircases. The three-story houses built later for the workers in the steelworks had no front gardens or stables and were designed for ten to twelve families. The Rahnsberg settlement belonged to Hüsten until 1960, and twelve single-family houses were built here as a closed block settlement until shortly before the outbreak of war. The settlers were mostly families with many children and had to take part in clearing the area. The settlement area Rahnsberg was incorporated in 1960 in exchange for the area at the Klosfuhr from Hüsten to Bruchhausen.

Third Reich and World War II

The first solstice celebration was held in 1933 in order to lead German youth to a bond with nature and homeland, people and fatherland . Under the leadership of the Hitler Youth , all the clubs and young people gathered at the school, a torchlight procession went to the river bank. A protest rally against the Versailles Treaty of Shame took place on June 30, 1933. Speeches were given and Das Deutschland- und Horst-Wessel-Lied was sung. The Center Party emerged as the strongest force in the 1933 elections. The mayor Schulte was confirmed in his office again, but later replaced by Bösterling. During the Third Reich , clear tendencies towards National Socialism were also evident in this place. In newspaper reports from 1934 one can clearly see the influence of the NSDAP and a gentle exertion of pressure on the residents. All associations were brought into line in 1935. Only people with proven Aryan descent were allowed to become members. In order to strengthen the German people's consciousness, singing was no longer for pure pleasure, but according to the prescribed model statutes. The elected board members of the clubs were appointed club leaders. In the following period, the meetings of the municipal council were opened with a triple victory Heil . In September 1935, the mayor passed the resolution to no longer allow Jews to move into the Bruchhausen community or to purchase land from Jews, as it was announced that a morally imperfect Jewish person wanted to move into the Bruchhausen community. In 1937 the community achieved complete freedom from debt through purposeful and economical management. In the same year, the construction of a waterworks began, the Ruhrstrasse canalized and other roads repaired. The district administrator Teipel took part in the parade for the harvest festival. The drinking water shortage of the past time ended in 1938 with the completion of the waterworks. The Reich Labor Service forced the expansion of the settlement area on the Rahnsberg. The rolling mill closed its doors in 1939, and the workers employed here could be employed in the branch in Hüsten. The construction of a bathhouse and a large home for the Hitler Youth was planned. The association members and their spouses were asked by circular to provide evidence of Aryan status. The place was bombed on February 22, 1945. The church and the pastor's house were partially destroyed, two people died. American troops took Bruchhausen on April 10, 1945, and the Second World War and the Third Reich ended here.

post war period

In the first days of the American occupation there were considerable problems with mostly Polish slave laborers who had been deported to here during the war. The released workers stole and ransacked food and valuables. There were attacks and fights between the locals and Poles. The Americans only stayed in town for a short time, they were replaced by the British Army of the Rhine. The first municipal council meeting after the war took place on January 9, 1949, under the leadership of Mayor Josef Schumacher. The military government had set up this municipal council because, in their opinion, in this disorganized state, elections are not yet possible . In the years after the war there was a lack of food and living space, the food supply was regulated with food cards, for which the district food office in Arnsberg was responsible. The proceeds from their own gardens were used to barter with people in the area, and the black market flourished. A large number of evacuees and refugees had to be accommodated; 85 people found accommodation in a small space in a residential barrack owned by the Honselwerke. Despite the introduction of the DM on June 20, 1948, food cards and housing management were still available until 1950. Around 1953, the Im Brauk and Ruhrkamp settlements were built, the construction of which was necessary due to the influx of war refugees. Non-profit housing associations acted as developers. One and one and a half storey houses were built. The character of a closed settlement was achieved through an approximately identical floor plan. At the beginning of the 1960s, six apartment buildings for six families each were built near Arnsberger Straße, with space for business premises in the basement. The creation of green areas was dispensed with. Due to its convenient location, large industrial areas emerged after the Second World War, both in the direction of Niedereimer and in the direction of Hüsten. The former Duropal plant, which today belongs to the Pfleiderer Group , and the Interprint company are important .

Incorporation

On January 1, 1975, Bruchhausen was incorporated into the city of Arnsberg.

Population development

With the industrial development, the population also increased:

year	Residents	source
1871	288
1895	590
1905	782
1914	1126
1925	964
1939	1458
1961	2209
1970	2403
1974	2638
2006	3331
2010	3296
2012	3281
2013	3236
2014	3211
2016	3215

politics

coat of arms

Blazon :

In red, a golden sloping bar covered with three red alarm clocks, accompanied by a golden ointment vessel at the top and a short golden sword at the bottom.

Description:

The diamond-shaped sloping bar with a different color is taken from the coat of arms of the noble von Eickel family. The sword and the ointment vessel are symbols of Saint Lucia and Saint Mary Magdalene , to whom the Rodentelgen pilgrimage chapel is dedicated. The official approval took place on March 22, 1963.

building

• The Rodentelgen Chapel is a gothic redesigned chapel from the 15th century, it was the predecessor of the parish church of St. Maria Magdalena.
• The Catholic parish church of St. Maria Magdalena and Lucia is a listed church building, it was built in 1925 in neo-baroque style.

Evangelical community

The evangelical community belongs to the Arnsberg parish. It is a typical diaspora community in the typically Catholic Sauerland. After the area became part of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1802, the first Protestant Christians settled here as craftsmen and workers. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Protestant Christians came to the town as soldiers and officials. In 1926, 59 Protestant people among 1,274 Catholics lived here. The men mainly worked in the rolling mill and in the chemical plant. By 1950 the number of Protestant Christians increased to 184, compared to 1,782 Catholics; In 1970 the ratio was 273/2098. The pastoral care had been with the parish in Hüsten since 1923. An agreement in 1969 made it possible to hold services in the Catholic Magdalenenkirche. Then the Rodentelgen Chapel was rented and used as a place of worship.

School development

primary school

Originally the children had to attend the parish school in Hüsten. Because of the very long way to school and the poor road conditions, an 18 m² classroom was set up in the Klausner building next to the Rodentelgen Chapel around 1730. It was furnished with seating but not with tables. The hermit, who lived in the hermitage, took over the free lessons. In 1792 the Klausner Joseph Westervoss received a permanent position as a teacher with the requirement to take off his hermit skirt. He died around 1818; It is not known when the next teacher, his name was Ludwig Dransfeld, was hired. He taught 75 students from Bruchhausen and Niedereimer. Since he did not succeed in successfully completing the teachers' seminar in Büren, he was dismissed. Due to the growing number of students, a new classroom had to be rented from the farmer Molitor, and if necessary, a room was added in the local Schumacher inn. A community classroom was built around 1829, where the teacher Eberhard Pieper taught for 43 years. The number of students continued to grow, and a girls' school was built in 1855; a new school building with three classrooms was completed in 1904. During the Second World War in 1945 the Waffen SS occupied the girls' school and used it as a food depot. The other school building was used by Wehrmacht soldiers . After the end of the war, Allied soldiers occupied the buildings for a time. The official reopening was on September 13, 1945. Since only four rooms were available, sometimes classes with over 50 students had to be taught. An extension of the attic in 1950 should help. In 1956 the three-story, elongated extension with six classrooms was completed; modern toilet facilities replaced the old steps. In 2015 these were replaced after a long time. A total of 230 children could be accommodated here. The old girls' school was closed.

Commercial training school

The establishment of a commercial advanced training school was approved by the royal government in Arnsberg in 1906. An elected board of trustees had the task of clarifying the details. The school was opened on June 1, 1907 on the site of the rolling mill, the first headmaster was the main teacher Schmies. Around 50 apprentices, journeymen, assistants and industrial workers were taught arithmetic, German, drawing and religion here. The teachers were exempted from military service during the First World War in order to keep the school running. The subject matter was expanded to include war training, costing and bookkeeping. According to a district statute, from 1923 all male adolescents under the age of 18 were required to attend school if they worked or lived in a place where there was a vocational school. In the 1930s there were various attempts to close the school for cost reasons. As a result, the Neheim-Hüsten vocational school association was founded. School rooms were available in the Villa Bremer in Hüsten, and the vocational students from Bruchhausen then also attended this new school. The various special purpose associations of the individual cities were the forerunners of the vocational schools in the Arnsberg district.

societies

• TuS Bruchhausen 02 e. V. (departments: football; athletics; tennis; table tennis; gymnastics)
• Kolping family Bruchhausen Ruhr e. V.
• Bruchhausen Music Association
• Rifle Brotherhood St. Maria Magdalena Bruchhausen 1849 e. V.

literature

• Ferdy Fischer et al .: Arnsberg. Pearl of the Sauerland, city of lights. Genster, Menden around 1990, p. 10 f.
• City of Arnsberg: historical overview. Arnsberg, 2007.
• Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984.

Web links

• Bruchhausen (Arnsberg) in the Westphalia Culture Atlas
• Homepage of the club ring Bruchhausen

Individual evidence

1. ↑ City of Arnsberg: Residents main and secondary residence by district , accessed on June 20, 2019
2. ^ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984, page 51
3. ^ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984, page 165
4. ^ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984 page 171
5. ^ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984, page 162
6. ^ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984, page 211
7. ^ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984, page 213
8. ^ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984, pages 83 and 84
9. ^ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984, page 83
10. ^ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984, pages 83 to 86
11. ↑ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984, pages 86 to 92
12. ^ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984, pages 92 to 98
13. ↑ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984 pp. 216-218
14. ↑ ^{a b c} Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 330 .
15. ^ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984 page 70
16. ↑ Martin Bünermann, Heinz Köstering: The communities and districts after the municipal territorial reform in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1975, ISBN 3-555-30092-X , p. 128 .
17. ^ Eduard Belke, Alfred Bruns, Helmut Müller: Kommunale Wappen des Herzogtums Westfalen, Arnsberg 1986, p. 139 ISBN 3-87793-017-4
18. ↑ Evangelical Congregation
19. ^ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984, page 143
20. ↑ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984, pages 147 to 162
21. ^ Hermann Reuther (Rath) and Rudolf Brüschke, Bruchhausen / Ruhr, Strobel Druck Arnsberg 1984, pages 162 and 163