Franz Stock
Abbé Franz Stock (born September 21, 1904 in Neheim , † February 24, 1948 in Paris ) was a German Catholic priest and pastor for the prisons of Paris and the place of execution on Mont Valérien during the German occupation in World War II . He is considered to be a pioneer of German-French friendship . Pope John Paul II named him in 1980 in a series of great figures in German history. On November 14, 2009, Hans-Josef Becker , the Archbishop of Paderborn , opened the beatification process for Franz Stock.
Life
Family and education
On September 21, 1904, Franz Stock was born as the first of nine children to a working-class family in the small industrial town of Neheim in Westphalia . From 1910 on he attended the Catholic elementary school. He was average in the class. At the age of twelve he first expressed his desire to become a priest. Therefore, at the age of thirteen, he moved to the Neheim secondary school at Easter 1917. At Easter 1926 he graduated from high school there.
From 1926 to 1932 Stock was a student of Catholic theology. He began his studies at the Philosophical-Theological Academy in Paderborn . At Easter 1928 he went to Paris for three semesters and studied at the Institut Catholique . This made him the first German theology student in France since the First World War and the first German student at the Institut Catholique since the Middle Ages.
On March 12, 1932 Franz Stock received from Paderborn Archbishop Caspar Klein the priesthood . On his first note are the words from 1 Peter’s letter: “Consecrate your soul to sincere brotherly love by obedience to the truth and love one another from the bottom of your heart. You are not born again from perishable, but perishable seed through God's word, which lives and is eternal. "
International youth movement / international understanding
In his childhood and youth, Franz Stock was very much shaped by the First World War and the subsequent period with its political and economic changes. Parallel to his religious vocation as a priest , he decided to work for international understanding , especially between German and French youth.
During his school days he joined the Bund New Germany and later the Quickborn movement , a Catholic youth movement . With her he took part in a formative international youth meeting with over 10,000 participants, which was convened in 1926 in Bierville by a pioneer of Franco-German understanding, Marc Sangnier . It was there that he made the acquaintance of Joseph Folliet , who, along with Romano Guardini, had a particularly great influence on him.
During his studies in Paris he also joined the “Compagnons de Saint François” (“Companions of St. Francis”), whose ideals are the simple life and the realization of peace.
Franz Stock was also present at international meetings in the following years, for example at the meeting organized by the Friedensbund Deutscher Katholiken in 1931 on the Borberg , the so-called “Europaberg” or “Friedensberg” of the Sauerland between Brilon and Olsberg. Stock was one of the keynote speakers. After he had exchanged a kiss for peace with Louis Achille, a French citizen of color , protests broke out by SA men who were also present.
First professional activity in Germany and France
From 1932 to 1934 Franz Stock worked as a pastor in Effeln near Lippstadt and in Dortmund - Eving . Franz Stock also learned Polish as a second foreign language there, in order to be able to communicate better as a vicar with his many parishioners from Poland .
In 1934, the responsible Archbishop of Cologne, Cardinal Schulte, was looking for a clergyman to lead the German community in Paris . The appointment was difficult in 1934 because political developments in Germany had been critically observed from abroad since 1933 . A man should be found who knew the French language, who knew the French mentality and who could oversee the pastoral care problems in the metropolis of Paris. Above all, however, a man should be found who had the confidence of the Archbishop of Paris, Cardinal Verdier . He knew Franz Stock from the time he was a professor at the Institut Catholique himself. For these reasons the choice fell on the young priest Franz Stock. At the beginning of September 1934, Franz Stock arrived in Paris and took up his position as rector of the German community. He lived in the Latin Quarter , not far from the Pantheon . In addition to pastoral work, the care of around 500 parishioners also included many social and charitable tasks - and soon there was help for political refugees from Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia. Franz Stock's community work is described as beneficial and empathetic. He made cultural offers, organized excursions and created places to meet French and non-Catholics.
Shortly before the outbreak of World War II on September 1, 1939, Franz Stock had to leave Paris as instructed. He took on representative positions in Bodelschwingh near Lütgendortmund and then in Klein Wanzleben near Magdeburg .
Pastor in the Wehrmacht prisons in Paris
In June 1940 Paris was occupied by the German Wehrmacht. On August 13, 1940, Franz Stock was reappointed pastor for the Germans in Paris. He returned to Paris in October, but looked after a different community there. Since June 10, 1941, he was also the site pastor in a secondary position. As a part-time local pastor, he began working in the Paris Wehrmacht prisons Fresnes , La Santé and Cherche Midi in 1941 . He was responsible for looking after the prisoners in the prisons of those sentenced to death .
Paris prisons held approximately 11,000 prisoners from 1941 to 1944. Franz Stock saved the lives of many people by issuing warnings and passing on information. He was often able to have death sentences softened or the number of planned hostage shootings reduced.
The executions of the condemned and hostages mostly took place on Mont Valérien. Franz Stock kept a diary with short notes about the prisoners and those sentenced to death. He mentioned 863 shootings he had to attend, but shortly before his death told an acquaintance that there were over 2,000. The memorial plaque on Mont Valérien names a number of over 4,500. However, this number was criticized in 1995 by Serge Klarsfeld and Léon Tsevery. By January 1, 2009, a total of 1014 of those shot had been identified.
Testimonies from survivors, books and films document Stock's self-sacrificing service to the condemned, his humanity and his approach to others without sparing himself. Since the prisoners were often deliberately left in the dark about the fate of their families, it was of great help to them that Stock kept in contact with the families and conveyed messages to the prisoners, for example whispering during a conversation monitored by the guards or during a common prayer of the priest and the prisoner.
The French gave Franz Stock the names "L'Aumônier de l'enfer" ("The Pastor of Hell") and "L'Archange en enfer" ("The Archangel in Hell").
Many resistance fighters, such as B. Edmond Michelet , Jean de Pange , Robert d'Harcourt , Gabriel Péri and Henri Honoré d'Estienne d'Orves have done him the honor. Today the square in front of the Mémorial de la France Combattante , which commemorates the resistance of the French against the German occupation forces, is named after Abbé Franz Stock, which is an extraordinary honor.
On August 25, 1944, Free French troops marched into Paris under the command of Charles de Gaulle . Abbé Stock stayed in Paris and helped care for more than 600 wounded German soldiers who could not be transported at the Hospital la Pitié. The hospital fell into the hands of the FFI (Forces Francaises de l'Intérieur ), the internal armed forces. A captain and his men broke into the hospital and demanded the release of several hostages so that they could be shot because of the atrocities of the SS and Gestapo . The officer was a former inmate of Fresnes Prison. When he recognized Abbé Stock, he signed a paper that was pinned to the hospital portal. The hospital was thus placed under the protection of the Resistance and its inmates were protected from reprisals.
When US soldiers took over the hospital, Abbé Franz Stock became a prisoner of war. He was taken to the Cherbourg prison camp.
Chartres Barbed Wire Seminar
When Franz Stock's health was badly damaged after the war years in 1945 and he could have returned home, he nonetheless took on a new task: the establishment of a special kind of seminary, in which German-speaking priests and seminarians prisoners of war were to be brought together. It was created on the initiative of the French government and with the support of the Apostolic Nuncio Roncalli, who later became Pope John XXIII. , founded. Abbé Stock was asked to lead the " barbed wire seminar " as Regens .
Initially, the Dépôt 51 prisoner-of-war camp in Orléans was planned for the seminar , where it was founded on April 24, 1945. On August 17, 1945, the Orléans seminary was moved to the Dépôt 501 prison camp near Chartres . While maintaining the status and functioning of a prisoner-of-war camp, all priests and seminarians held in French captivity were amalgamated there. In this way they could continue or begin their studies. There was a high school graduation course for the youngest. The University of Freiburg im Breisgau took over the sponsorship of this seminar. The seminary, which is unique in the history of the Church, lasted for two years. It was the largest seminar to date, and it was a “seminar behind barbed wire” (“Séminaire des barbelés”). A total of 949 lecturers, priests, brothers and seminarians from Germany and Austria were there over the course of two years. The aim was to give young people who were called to take on practical and moral responsibility in post-war Germany a spiritual education in order to counteract the indoctrination they had been exposed to during the Nazi era.
The seminarians of the barbed wire seminar included Bishop Emil Stehle , Bishop Bernado Witte , Auxiliary Bishop Bernhard Rieger , Auxiliary Bishop Franz Josef Kuhnle , Abbot Laurentius Hoheisel , Pastor Lothar Zenetti , Josef Rommerskirchen , the writer Erich Kock and many others
Nuncio Roncalli attended the seminary several times. On the Sunday after Christmas 1946, the papal nuncio appeared to deliver the Pope's wishes for blessings. During this visit he emphasized: “The Chartres seminar is a credit to both France and Germany. It is very well suited to become a sign of understanding and reconciliation. "
It was dissolved on June 5, 1947. The last 369 seminarians left the prison camp. Franz Stock returned to Paris. On December 16, 1947, Abbé Stock received news of his appointment as an honorary doctorate from the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg .
Death in Paris
On February 24, 1948 Abbé Franz Stock died suddenly and unexpectedly, not yet 44 years old, around 4 p.m. in the Hôpital Cochin in Paris. The death of Abbé Stock was not allowed to be published in the press as he still had prisoner-of-war status. As a result, only a dozen or so people followed his coffin. No one from the family was able to attend the funeral because they had not received an entry permit.
Franz Stock was buried on February 28, 1948 in the Thiais cemetery in Paris. The funeral ceremony took place in the parish church of Saint-Jacques-du-Haut-Pas in Paris. Nuncio Roncalli carried out the blessing of the dead and said: "Abbé Franz Stock - he is not just a name - he is a program!" A statement that he as Pope John XXIII. repeated on June 20, 1962.
Special commemorations after Abbé Stock's death
- A first public commemoration for Franz Stock took place on July 3, 1949 in Paris in the church of Saint-Louis des Invalides , which was elevated to a cathedral , and was the episcopal church of the Roman Catholic diocese of the French army. No German had ever been honored here before. He should be the first.
- On August 15, 1951, a tombstone was consecrated by the Parisian Cardinal Archbishop Feltin . In his address, Father Riquet, cathedral preacher of Notre Dame in Paris, said: “This is the paradox that a German priest made himself a servant and friend in the middle of a war of those whom his government regarded as the worst enemies.” The families of the prisoners and those shot donated the tombstone for Abbé Stock with the inscription "PAX".
- On June 13, 1963, Stock's body was exhumed at Thiais cemetery. On 15./16. In June 1963 the remains of Abbé Stock were reburied from Paris to Chartres in the newly built Saint Jean Baptiste church. Pope John XXIII signed a telegram on his deathbed for this memorial service. Here he repeated his statement: "The priest Franz Stock - this is not just a name, this is a program." On the day between the exhumation and the burial in Chartres on June 14, 1963, the French National Assembly approved the Franco-German friendship treaty, often also called the Élysée Treaty , which Adenauer and de Gaulle signed on January 22, 1963.
- In Suresnes (Paris) on the Mont Valérien on September 15, 1990, the place in front of the "Mémorial de la France combattante", which commemorates the resistance of the French against the German occupation forces, was named "Place de l'Abbé Franz Stock" . At the ceremony, Pierre Pflimlin , former President of the European Parliament said “If I have decided to come to this ceremony, it is because Abbé Stock has achieved something incredible, something that remains exemplary. In the hour when we are building Europe, his memory is more present than ever. "
- In 1980 the Catholic bishops requested the beatification of Stock. The procedure has not yet been concluded.
- From February 22 to 28, 1998 the celebrations for the 50th anniversary of Abbé Franz Stock's death took place in Paris. The highlight of these festivities was March 1, 1998 with the pontifical mass in the Cathedral of Chartres, which the Archbishop of Paris, Cardinal Jean-Marie Lustiger , celebrated together with Bishop Karl Lehmann , chairman of the German Bishops' Conference, and Archbishop Degenhardt from Paderborn. Chancellor Helmut Kohl took part in this service with René Monory , President of the Senate of the French Republic. The Chancellor had previously laid a wreath on the grave of Abbé Stock in the Church of St. Jean Baptiste.
- Franz Stock's 100th birthday on September 24, 2004 was celebrated with a series of events. A highlight was a pontifical ministry in the parish church of St. Johannes Baptist (Neheim) , which was broadcast live on ZDF .
- On the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of Stock's death, the French President Nicolas Sarkozy , the Prime Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, Jürgen Rüttgers , and members of the Resistance honored Stock at the Mont Valérien memorial on February 23, 2008. A day later, a pontifical mass was held in Chartres Cathedral , which was celebrated by Bishop Michel Pansard, Fortunato Bardelli, the apostolic nuncio in France, and Archbishop Hans-Josef Becker.
- The Franz-Stock-Gymnasium in Arnsberg , a secondary school in Hövelhof and a primary school in Salzkotten are named after Franz Stock . Many other places and facilities bear his name.
- From May 20th to August 26th 2012 a special exhibition named Franz Stock and the way to Europe took place in the Sauerland Museum in Arnsberg .
Beatification process
On November 14th, 2009 Archbishop Hans-Josef Becker opened the beatification procedure for Franz Stock. The subsequent “diocesan information process about the life, virtues and the call of holiness of the Servant of God Franz Stock” was officially ended on November 8, 2013. The compiled extensive documents and statements on the life and work of Abbé Franz Stock will be forwarded to the Congregation for the Process of Beatification and Canonization in Rome for further examination. With the formal opening of the files on February 25, 2014 by the Chancellor of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in the Vatican, the Roman Procedure was officially opened.
A separate trial conducted by the Archbishop of San Francisco to investigate a miracle attributed to Franz Stock's intercession (healing from cancer) was ended on March 16, 2012 when the files were sent to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints.
European meeting place Franz Stock in Chartres
The maintenance of the storage complex of the barbed wire seminar in Le Coudray near Chartres, which has meanwhile been transferred to the sponsoring association CERFS ( Center Européen de Rencontre Franz Stock ), has long been a concern of the Franz Stock associations in Germany and France. The aim is to restore the listed camp chapel with the frescoes created by Franz Stock and to build a European meeting place in accordance with the Franco-German friendship treaty.
Permanent exhibition Franz Stock
A permanent exhibition “Franz Stock - Peace as a Mission” about the life and work of Franz Stock and the effects on Franco-German understanding is located in the historic Fresekenhof in Neheim .
Franz Stock Associations
The Franz Stock Committee for Germany was formed in the hometown of Franz Stock in 1964 in order to bundle the various endeavors connected with the person and the work of the deceased prisoner priest. Documentations, exhibitions and events are organized and conveyed that maintain, arouse or promote understanding for the work and the person of Franz Stock. Through youth exchanges, cultural exchanges, taking on and arranging sponsorships, contacts, especially with France, it serves the international understanding. The Franz Stock Association "Les amis de Franz Stock" for France is based in Chartres.
In order to set up the “ European meeting place Franz Stock ” in Chartres, the associations from Germany and France founded a joint sponsoring association “CERFS - Center Européen de Rencontre Franz Stock”.
Works
- Brittany, an experience ; Colmar, 1943; (= Paderborn: Bonifatius, 1993; ISBN 3-87088-774-5 )
- The first German book printer in Paris around 1500. Contribution to the history of the Germans in France ; Freiburg, 1940 (= Paderborn: Bonifatius, 1992; ISBN 3-87088-721-4 )
- 100 years of German pastoral care in Paris. Mission of the German Catholics in Paris ; Paris 1937
Memorials
Memorials, institutions, squares and streets named after Franz Stock:
- 1955, Arnsberg-Neheim, memorial plaque on parental home (October 27, 1955)
- 1957, Arnsberg-Neheim, Franz-Stock-Strasse (April 12, 1957)
- 1959, Göttingen , student dormitory "Franz Stock"
- 1961, Arnsberg, Franz-Stock-Gymnasium (September 21, 1961)
- 1962, Herdecke , Red Cross armband Stocks in the cath. church
- 1963, Chartres, transfer of the remains of Abbé Stocks to the church of Saint Jean Baptiste (June 15/16, 1963)
- 1963, Dortmund - Brackel , Franz Stock Pfarrheim, St. Clemens Do-Brackel, demolition and new building in 2008
- 1963, Chartres, Place de l'Abbé Stock (June 20, 1963)
- 1963, Brilon - Wülfte , Franz-Stock-Schule (September 20, 1963), the school was closed in 1970
- 1965, Arnsberg-Neheim, Franz Stock Monument in front of St. Johannes Church (September 29, 1965)
- 1967, Thieulin, memorial plaque on the wall of the castle park / entrance to the church (May 1967)
- 1973, Lorient , Franz-Stock-Strasse (May 1973)
- 1977, Arnsberg-Neheim, parish St. Franziskus: parish home named in Franz-Stock-Zentrum
- 1977, Hövelhof , Franz-Stock-Straße
- 1978, Arnsberg-Neheim, Franz-Stock-Kindergarten (February 25, 1978)
- 1978, Möhnesee - Körbecke , Franz-Stock-Saal in the education center of the KAB
- 1978, Lippstadt - Bökenförde , Franz-Stock-Straße
- 1979, Essen , the name Abbé Franz Stock is engraved along with other victims of violence from the Nazi era on the floor in front of the Altar of the Lamb in the crypt of the Pax Christi Church
- 1980, Soest , Kolping Education Center Soest: a Franz Stock classroom
- 1981, Le Mans , Square Franz Stock (July 12, 1981)
- 1981, Hamm , Franz-Stock-Pfarrheim in Sankt Liborius
- 1982, Paderborn, Franz-Stock-Platz
- 1982, Meschede , peace cross with stones from Mont Valérien in the crypt of the Benedictine abbey church in Königsmünster .
- 1983, Anröchte -Effeln, Franz-Stock-Straße
- 1983, Bad Driburg - Pömbsen , Franz-Stock-Pfarrheim in the Catholic parish of Maria Himmelfahrt
- 1984, Geseke , Franz-Stock-Strasse
- 1985, Hövelhof , Franz-Stock-Realschule (May 8, 1985)
- 1985, Gersheim -Reinheim / Saar, Abbé-Stock-Pfarrheim plastic "Abbé Stock and the prisoner"
- 1987, Salzkotten - Verlar , Franz Stock Elementary School
- 1988, Cologne , Franz-Stock-Weg in the Konrad-Adenauer-Siedlung
- 1988, Fröndenberg , Franz-Stock-Rectory of the parish of Sankt Marien
- 1989, Paris, plaque on the former home of Abbé Stocks, 23 rue Lhomond (April 23, 1989)
- 1990, Suresnes , Place de l'Abbé Stock on Mont Valérien (September 15, 1990)
- 1992, Arnsberg-Neheim, Franz-Stock exhibition (3rd version) in the Fresekenhof
- 1992, Schmallenberg - Fredeburg , Franz-Stock-Pfarrheim
- 1992, Delbrück , Franz-Stock-Strasse (July 9, 1992)
- 1993, Le Coudray, inauguration “Carrefour de l'Abbé Stock”; at the same time next to it: a plaque is attached to the wall of the old village church. Both places near the former barbed wire seminar
- 1994, Paris, renaming of Place Pierre Coubertin to Place de l'Abbé Franz Stock (16th arrondissement)
- 1995, Arnsberg-Neheim, Abbé Stock's chalice and chasuble in the St. Franziskuskirche
- 1995, Olsberg- Elleringhausen, Franz-Stock-Haus
- 1995, Möhnesee- Stockum, Franz-Stock-Strasse
- 1996, Paris, Maison Abbé Franz Stock after the expansion of the cath. German language community, rue Spontini 36 (June 2, 1996)
- 1996, Quimper , Allée Franz Stock
- 1997, Paris, installation of the three-winged altarpiece by Sieger Köder in the chapel of the Catholic parish of the German language; Depiction on a wing: Franz Stock as a pastor in a prison cell (June 22, 1997)
- 1998, Soest , Franz Stock Hall in Heilig Kreuz
- 1998, Caen , Cours Abbé Stock
- 1998, Dortmund- Eving , memorial plaque on the parish church of St. Barbara
- 1998, Anröchte - Effeln , Franz-Stock-Pfarrheim
- 1998, Arnsberg-Neheim, Franz Stock's parental home has been a memorial and meeting center - Abbé Franz Stock since October 1998
- 1998, Aix-en-Provence , Center Abbé Franz Stock, German-speaking pastoral care in Provence, Côte d'Azur and Languedoc-Roussillon
- 1998, Brilon-Borberg, memorial stone with bronze plate showing a picture of the priest Franz Stock and commemorating the shooting of the Manouchian group on February 21, 1994 on Mont Valérien / Paris: bridge builders between Germany and France ; Another memorial plaque with bronze plate under the peace oak from 1931. It commemorates the great peace meeting of the Peace Association of German Catholics (FDK) in September 1931.
- 1999, Viroflay , Franz-Stock-Platz
- 1999, Haßloch , Franz-Stock-Platz
- 2000, Salzkotten - Verlar , Franz-Stock-Strasse (June 20, 2000)
- 2001, Eisleben , Franz-Stock-Zimmer in the education and retreat house of the monastery St Marien zu Helfta
- 2002, Haßloch, Franz Stock memorial plaque on the square in front of the St. Gallus church
- 2002, Paris, plaque on the Saint-Joseph-Artisan church (10th arrondissement), where Franz Stock read masses from 1934 to 1944
- 2004, Brilon, Franz-Stock-Strasse (March 4, 2004)
- 2005, Salzkotten-Verlar, Franz-Stock-Relief at the elementary school of the same name (April 8, 2005)
- 2007, Bielefeld , Way of the Cross in Hl. Geist Bielefeld , Franz Stock is shown in the 5th station: Simon von Zyrene helping Jesus carry the cross (February 23, 2007)
- 2008, Compiegne-Royallieu, Square Franz Stock
- 2008, Arnsberg-Neheim, parish church St. Johannes Bapt. Neheim, Baptistery (December 24, 2008)
- 2008, Dortmund - Brackel , Franz-Stock-Haus, St. Clemens Do-Brackel, new building 2008
- 2010, Le Coudray , Place de l'Abbé Franz Stock
- 2011, Mignières , EFAGRIR - FRANZ STOCK (September 1st, 2011), an association of private schools sponsored by the Diocese of Chartres
- 2012, Bielefeld , Herz-Jesu-Gemeinde Bielefeld dedicates one of its new church bells to Franz Stock (May 28, 2012)
- 2014, Bayeux , the Bayeux cathedral designate one of their new church bells by Franz Stock (8 June 2014)
- 2016, Bochum , memorial in the Heilige Familie returnees church in Bochum (February 21, 2016)
- 2018, Cherbourg , Allée Franz Stock (March 24, 2018)
- 2018, Paderborn , Franz Stock figure in the facade of Paderborn Cathedral (May 13, 2018)
literature
- Anton Albert: That was Abbé Stock. A life between fronts Herder, Freiburg 1960
- Hanns Bücker: Abbé Stock. A trailblazer for reconciliation between Germany and France, ibid. 1964
- René Closset: He went through hell: Franz Stock St.-Benno, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-7462-0248-5
- Karl-Heinz Kloidt: Chartres 1945. Seminar behind barbed wire. A documentation Herder, Freiburg 1988, ISBN 3-451-21198-X
- Erich Kock: Abbé Franz Stock. Priest between the Fronts Grünewald, Mainz 1997, ISBN 3-7867-1971-3
- Hanns Cornelissen: Abbé Franz Stock. Triad of friendship Deutscher Spurbuchverlag, Baunach 2001, ISBN 3-88778-251-8
- Dieter Lanz: Abbé Franz Stock. No name - a program Bonifatius, Paderborn 2001, ISBN 3-89710-198-X
- Dieter Riesenberger : Franz Stock. His calling was France in: Detlef Bald (ed.): Crossing thresholds. Peace work and peace research. Festschrift for Dirk Heinrichs Klartext, Essen 2005
- Raymond Loonbeek: Franz Stock: La fraternité universelle , Salvator Publishing House, France 2007, ISBN 2-7067-0484-5
- Boniface Hanley: The last human face: Franz Stock, a priest in Hitler's army , USA 2010, ISBN 1-4505-9012-8
- Robert Jauch: Stock, Franz. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 30, Bautz, Nordhausen 2009, ISBN 978-3-88309-478-6 , Sp. 1451-1457.
- Robert Jauch: Stock, Franz. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-428-11206-7 , pp. 366-368 ( digitized version ).
- Jürgen Schulte-Hobein: Franz Stock and the way to Europe / Franz Stock et la voie vers l'Europe (book accompanying the exhibition of the same name) Arnsberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-930264-94-0
- Raymond Loonbeek: Franz Stock - Humanity across borders , franz. Original title: Franz Stock: La fraternité universelle , EOS-Verlag, 2015, ISBN 978-3-8306-7713-0
- Franz Stock: Franz Stock - pioneer of reconciliation. Diaries and writings , French Title: Journal de guerre. Écrits inédits de l'aumônier du Mont Valérien , Herder Verlag, 2017, ISBN 978-3-451-37893-5
Web links
- Literature by and about Franz Stock in the catalog of the German National Library
- Franz Stock Committee for Germany
- Franz Stock Association France
- European meeting place Franz Stock Chartres
- Documentary film Franz Stock
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sermon by John Paul II, Fulda, November 18, 1980 , last accessed on March 19, 2016.
- ↑ Thomas Bertram: A long, arduous, but rewarding path: the path to the beatification of Franz Stock . In: Katholische-Bildung , vol. 2014, issue 1, pp. 33–41, here pp. 34–36.
- ^ Press report of the Westfalenpost / Der Westen from November 29, 2013. Last accessed on December 1, 2013.
- ↑ Reinhard Richter: National Thinking in Catholicism of the Weimar Republic . Lit-Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-8258-4991-0 , p. 134.
- ^ Matthias Schnettger, Heinz Duchhardt, Jan Gudian: Yearbook for European History . 2005, Volume 6, ISBN 978-3-486-57740-2 , p. 140.
- ↑ Companions of St. Francis
- ↑ St. Maria Magdalena Church in Effeln. Last accessed on March 25, 2018.
- ^ Georg May: Interconfessionalism in the German military pastoral care from 1933 to 1945 , p. 195, BR Gruner, 1978, ISBN 90-6032-103-0
- ↑ a b René Closset: He went through hell .
- ↑ See picture: http://flickr.com/photos/insunlight/50936048/in/set-1105735/ .
- ↑ Serge Klarsfeld and Léon Tsevery: Les 1007 fusillés du Mont-Valérien parmi lesquels 174 Juifs . Paris, Association des fils et filles des déportés juifs de France, 1995 ( The 1007 people shot at Mont-Valérien, 174 of them Jews ).
- ↑ http://www.memoiredeshommes.sga.defense.gouv.fr/spip.php?rubrique73 . (Website of the French Ministry of Defense).
- ^ Badische Zeitung . Last accessed on October 31, 2010
- ↑ Dieter Lanz, Abbé Franz Stock: No Name - One Program, Bonifatiusverlag, 2001, ISBN 3-89710-198-X
- ^ University of Freiburg - honorary doctorates . Last accessed on March 25, 2018.
- ↑ http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/speeches/1962/documents/hf_j-xxiii_spe_19620720_san-mattia_it.html Address by Pope John XXIII. dated June 20, 1962
- ↑ Présidence de la République: Cérémonie franco-allemande en hommage aux fusillés de la clairière du Mont Valérien et à l'occasion du 60éme anniversaire de la mort de l'Abbé Franz Stock. Press dossier (PDF; 497 kB)
- ↑ Jürgen Schulte-Hobein: Franz Stock and the way to Europe , Sauerland 2012 45/1: 7-10.
- ↑ Thomas Bertram: A long, arduous, but rewarding path: the path to the beatification of Franz Stock . In: Katholische-Bildung , vol. 2014, issue 1, pp. 33–41, here p. 39.
- ^ The informative process of the beatification process for Abbé Franz Stock completed . Last accessed on November 9, 2013.
- ↑ Roman process for the beatification of Franz Stock opened , accessed on November 8, 2019.
- ↑ Thomas Bertram: A long, arduous, but rewarding path: the path to the beatification of Franz Stock . In: Katholische-Bildung , vol. 2014, issue 1, pp. 33–41, here pp. 40–41.
- ^ Homepage Franz Stock Committee , accessed on October 31, 2010.
- ↑ Newspaper report Ouest France from April 7, 2018, last accessed on May 18, 2018
- ^ Homepage of the Archdiocese of Paderborn , last accessed on May 18, 2018
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Stock, Franz |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Stock, Abbé |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German Catholic priest, pastor in World War II |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 21, 1904 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Neheim |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 24, 1948 |
| Place of death | Paris |