Hardehausen Monastery
| Hardehausen Abbey | |
|---|---|
 Former Convent building of the Hardehausen monastery |
|
| location |
 Germany North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Lies in the diocese | Paderborn |
| Coordinates: | 51 ° 32 '59 " N , 8 ° 59' 56.3" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
147 |
| Patronage | Mary (mother of Jesus) |
| founding year | 1140 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1803 |
| Mother monastery | Kamp Monastery |
| Primary Abbey | Morimond Monastery |
|
Daughter monasteries |
Marienfeld Monastery (1185) |
Hardehausen Monastery (Latin Abbatia Hardehusim ) is a former Cistercian abbey in the west of the urban area of Warburg , about 15 km from the core city of Warburg, in the Höxter district in North Rhine-Westphalia. Hardehausen was the first Cisterce in Westphalia in 1140 . The youth center of the Archdiocese of Paderborn has been located in the former monastery buildings since 1945 and, since 1949, the Catholic rural community college " Anton Heinen " has also been located.
history
prehistory
In 1009, Bishop Meinwerk von Paderborn established an episcopal estate in the "Herswithehusen" settlement. On 25 May 1036 he wrote in the Busdorf certificate the pin Busdorf in Paderborn at its facilities, among other lands with three outworks in "Hiriswithuson" (Hardehausen).
founding
The monastery was founded at Pentecost, on May 28, 1140, by the Paderborn bishop Bernhard I von Oesede ; it was a subsidiary monastery ( filiation ) of the Kamp monastery on the Lower Rhine. The name z. At the time of its foundation was Hardenhusium. The area was in a forest valley, surrounded by swampland; the valley location is typical for the settlement of Cistercian monasteries. The first abbot Daniel came from Kamp with 12 monks. The founding contract was signed on May 15, 1155 after the land acquisition with the Corvey Monastery , Duke Heinrich the Lion and the Counts of Everstein and von Schoneburg had been settled, the first buildings were completed and the lands were cultivated.
With the consecration of the church in 1165 by Bishop Evergis, the construction of the monastery complex was completed. At the same time the monastery was elevated to an abbey . The abbots had a seat and vote on the prelate bank of the Holy Roman Empire .
Bishop Hermann II of Münster traveled via Paderborn in the summer of 1184 after a stay in southern Germany and got to know the Hardehausen monastery, from which the first monks were then sent to Marienfeld . On his way back to Münster, Hermann stopped at the Wadenhart farmers' community, where the Marienfeld monastery was built. In 1285, Bishop Everhard von Münster called for support for the buildings of the Hardehausen monastery and granted benefactors the decree ("indulgence") of a Karene, d. H. forty days of strict fasting as part of church penance .
Both Bishop Bernhard, the co-founder of the monastery, and Bishop Siegfried , a friend of the Cistercians, were buried in the monastery church at their own request.
The Hardehausen Monastery was mainly sons of non-aristocratic families who came from the Paderborn Hochstift area and some of the surrounding dioceses (Cologne, Mainz ), while the convent in the Corvey Monastery was mainly composed of sons of noble families.
Monastery building
church
The monastery church was the only church within the Cistercian order of architecture that was fully developed in Hirsau. The cruciform basilica column, which at least had a flat ceiling in the central nave , had a triple apsidal end and two side apses on the transept. Four bases of the Attic form and a Corinthian capital have been preserved. The Abbot had the chapel ante portas (1261) pulled down in 1764. The high altar is St. Maria Virgo Gloriosa (1160/1650) and the side altars St. Peter and Paul (1185/1665), Johannes Baptist (1356/1656), St. Nicholas (1656), the Trinity (1656) and the saints Consecrated to Agnes and Lucia (1659). The main church had only one roof turret and no steeple. The church was one of the most important architectural monuments of the Weser Romanesque. In the Dehio-Handbuch Nordwestdeutschland from 1912, p. 177, a completely preserved palmette ring band capital of the former column basilica is highlighted as a perfectly beautiful work . The Stefanus chapel in the east wing was the Spiegel family crypt. The Paderborn bishops mentioned above were buried in the north choir. Is the oldest surviving building of the monastery, the octagonal mortuary chapel, probably ossuary ( charnel house ), an early Gothic building from the early 13th century. and the Lady Chapel in the hospital. The church was demolished in 1812. The western part of the nave is built over with today's church. Four column bases and the remains of the outer walls of the choir and transept were included in the design of the forecourt to the northeast of the enclosure . A vaulted capstone in the east cloister represents the three rabbits symbol .
Convent building
The former convent building was located in a monastery district with an area of 72 acres , which was enclosed by a circular wall. The building formed a two-storey quadrum with a south wing extended to the east, which the abbot had renewed with Gothic components. The Konversenbau was in the west wing. This was later demolished, as was the refectory . In the northern, partly two-aisled cloister there are richly profiled plinths from the founding phase. The farm buildings are grouped around an axially south-east to north-west facing courtyard with granary (1723), barn (1740), monastery jug (18th century) and other barns as well as the baroque prelate's garden with orangery (today prelate or Called garden house).
Monastery life
Spiritual life
On the second day of petition before Ascension Day, the faithful came to the monastery for the great procession of the Warburg region. The residents of the monastery villages (Scherfede, Rimbeck, Bonenburg and Nörde, the so-called official villages of the monastery) make a pilgrimage on Sunday after the Visitation of Mary with the abbot and convent to Kleinenberg . The monks celebrated the great St. Vincent pilgrimage in Scherfede . Monks from Hardehausen celebrated the masses in the monastery villages and put the provosts in neighboring women's monasteries.
Work, agriculture and land acquisition
The main source of income of the monastery was initially the work in agriculture and the processing of agricultural products. From the 14th century, parts of the land were leased because the monastery did not have enough workers.
The state ownership extended from Salzkotten to Kassel (east-west direction) and from Brakel to Fritzlar (north-south direction). The Kessenich winery (near Bonn) as well as the office and parish of Lüchtigen (near Osnabrück) were added for a time.
The monastery was given the possession of the episcopal table in 1140. In 1233 the monastery owned about 7.5 hectares of land and a tithe barn in Scherfede. The monastery properties were gradually expanded. After their male line died out, the property of the Count Everstein fell partly to the monastery. The land holdings of the monastery were considerably increased (the total property comprised 16,000 acres, the forest property alone comprised 7,500 acres) through acquisitions and donations. 200 years after it was founded, the monastery was the largest spiritual landowner in the Principality of Paderborn. It owned real estate in most of the neighboring towns and in the Warburger Land and exercised the manorial rule and jurisdiction over several places. Special offices were set up as administrative institutions. In its heyday, 450 gray monks and conversers lived in the monastery . The monks operated 9 fish ponds and had fishing rights in the Diemel from Billinghausen to Ossendorf. Vegetable and fruit growing made up an essential part of agriculture. The apple variety of the Hardehausen monastery apple was bred there. Fish, vegetables and fruit were the monks' main dishes. Furthermore, a pig breeding and a pig fattening operated as well as an extensive sheep breeding for the production of wool. There was also an apiary . In addition, the monastery built a grangie in Rozedehusen (now a desert ). Hardehausen Monastery was 200 years after its founding the largest agricultural operation and, with its craft workshops, an economic powerhouse in the prince-bishopric.
In the meantime the monastery owned the parish church and the office in Lüchtigen (in the bishopric of Osnabrück ), which was incorporated by the Corvey monastery in 855 and sold to the Hardehausen monastery in 1247 and 1251, as was the winery in Kessenich. With the purchase, Hardehausen helped Corvey Abbey in a financially difficult time. Hardehausen handed over the rights to the office and to the parish church in 1275 in exchange to the Bishop of Osnabrück.
The monastery owned monastery courtyards or monastery courtyards (town houses) in Paderborn (from 1160), Salzkotten (1160), Fritzlar (1207), Warburg ( Mönchehof in Sternstrasse 27) (1258), Wolfhagen (1259), Hofgeismar (1287), Volkmarsen (1286), Brakel (1291), Kassel (1298), Blankenrode (1301), Marsberg (1302), Nieheim (1322), Hameln (1347), Höxter (1351), Grebenstein (1330/53), Borgentreich (1405) , Peckelsheim (1408), Nieheim (1455) and Cologne (?).
Court associations ( Grangien ) were created in Marienrode (Homburg) and Mönchehof near Kassel . In Hardehausen there was a shoemaker's shop, weaving mill, grain mill, oil mill , and the monastery also owned several mills along the Diemel and in Fritzlar (1281) and in Borgentreich (1293).
Monastic culture
Valuable writing activities in the scriptorium have been documented for the years 1180 to 1182 . A manuscript, the Computus emendatus by Paderborn Magister Reihner for calculating the calendar, was still in the monastery library in 1715. Abbot Overgaer was a good Latinist and Father Schwarte wrote a chronicle of Ottbergen in 1423 . Special achievements have also been made in the field of architecture, s. Church section. After 1749, the abbot Heinrich gave the Hessian landgrave Friedrich II . on the occasion of its conversion to the Catholic faith, the Hardehausener Gospels (around 1160–1170) from the Helmarshausen monastery .
The theological and philosophical training of the priest monks was carried out by their own lecturers in the monastery and, since the 15th century, at universities such as the University of Erfurt . From 1642 50 professors studied at the University of Paderborn. The monastery also provided for the service and maintenance of the teacher and organist in Scherfede (1674).
Daughter monasteries and spiritual supervision
In the years 1185-1243 Hardehausen founded three daughter monasteries: 1185 the Marienfeld monastery in Münsterland, 1196 the Bredelar monastery near Marsberg and 1243 the Scharnebeck monastery in Marienfliess near Lüneburg . In addition, the Walshausen nunnery, acquired by Hardehausen in 1293 and emptied in the following years, was occupied by a new male convent in 1320. Hardehausen was also responsible for the supervision of the Cistercian convents of Brenkhausen and Wormeln . The monks were active as pastors in the monastery villages in which there were branch churches of the parish Scherfede. They also provided the provosts in the women's convents. The monastery had the right to present the parish of Scherfede.
reformation
The Reformation affected the Hardehausen convent itself, but also the daughter and sister monasteries. The election of the 41st abbot showed that there were two groups, the Catholic and the Protestant factions, in the convent. Abbot Martin, an avowed Catholic, was able to prevail over the majority of the Protestant candidate.
Hardehausen was commissioned by the General Convention to put a stop to the reformatory efforts in the convents of the daughter monasteries through visitations . The abbot from Hardehausen had a visitation carried out in the daughter monastery Scharnebeck and tried to regain the monastery convent for the Catholic Church. One of his successors also had to mediate in the Loccum monastery , a subsidiary of the sister monastery Volkenrode, which became Catholic again for a short time (1630–1634). Scharnebeck was dissolved in 1531 after the abbot resigned. The Hardehausener also mediated in the Amelungsborn monastery .
Destruction in the Thirty Years War
During the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) the monastery was looted and destroyed. It received its present form during the reconstruction under the leadership of Abbots Stephan Overgaer and Laurentius Kremper between 1680 and 1750.
Legal statutes of the monastery
Hardehausen Monastery was freed from any bailiwick from the start . When the monastery acquired land, he mostly succeeded in extending the bailiff's freedom to the newly acquired lands. Furthermore, the townhouses of the monastery and their monastic residents as well as the sale of goods were exempt from duties and obligations (e.g. night security service) , provided they did not exceed a certain size. Contrary to the rules of the order, the monastery used the wax interest to protect residents of the surrounding villages. The wax interest workers were obliged to deliver one kilogram of wax every year and, in the event of death, the best head to the monastery. For this they were released from worldly obligations (military service, tax payments). The residents of the neighboring towns preferred to be obsessed with wax. From the 14th century onwards, the monastery also acquired patrimonial jurisdiction over the surrounding monastery villages.
Importance of the monastery
Hardehausen Monastery was the first Cistercian monastery to be founded in Westphalia. The Westphalian Cistercian monasteries acquired their property mainly through exchange and acquisition and not through consolidation and inheritance of the monks. Part of the acquisition of the land came about when the monastery granted loans and the debtors pledged their property to the monastery. Hardehausen Monastery became one of the most important economic forces in the Warburg region and the largest clerical landowner in the Paderborn Monastery. The activities of the monks shaped the agricultural development of the region and contributed to its national fame. The abbots played a major role in the border agreement with the county of Waldeck . The monastery also had a hospital and also functioned as a social facility where bread was given to those in need.
secularization
On January 29, 1803, the monastery was dissolved by the French in the course of secularization . The monks had to leave the monastery and the French general François-Etienne Kellermann (1770-1835) received Hardehausen as a gift. The church was demolished in 1812 and the inventory was sold or auctioned. The lands were leased as a state domain . When the area came to Prussia in 1815 , the forest fell to the state. The building was acquired by Count Franz von Merfeld , who rebuilt the dilapidated buildings into a stately castle at considerable expense. After his death, an inheritance dispute arose, as a result of which the longstanding domain administrator Bang bought the building from the Merfeld heirs for 170,000 thalers in 1852. It was then acquired by the Wydenbruck family of counts, who also got the Bonenburg estate belonging to the domain , which their ancestors Otto and Adolph Wydenbruck had acquired in 1187 as a free prädium of the abbey, back into their family property.
Royal Educational Institution
From 1902 the building was used as the Royal Prussian Educational Institute. This institution became known throughout Germany for the implementation of "revolutionary educational ideas" at the time.
Resettlement of the monastery
Through the mediation of Count Stolberg and Paderborn Cathedral Provost Linneborn, the Cistercians settled again; In 1927, Prior Alfons Heun and monks from the Marienstatt Abbey in the Westerwald moved back into part of the monastery buildings. Pope Pius XI In 1931 Hardehausen was restored to the status of an abbey. In 1933 the prior was elected abbot. However, after a dissolution order from the NS regime and due to economic difficulties, the convent had to leave the monastery in 1938 and moved to Magdeburg-Neustadt, where it looked after a parish. Abbot Alfons Heun went to Brazil in 1939 . The rest of the convent followed in 1941 to Itatinga in Brazil, where the monks built the new Hardehausen-Itatinga monastery . Alfons Heun was re-elected as abbot. The canonical rights of Hardehausen were transferred to the new monastery, making it the oldest monastery in Brazil under canon law.
In the same year the monastery complex was sold to the Kassel company Henschel . The Association for Catholic Workers Colonies acquired them from her and set up a sanatorium for drinkers . In 1944 the National Political Education Institute (Napola) Bensberg was relocated to Hardehausen. During this time, an external unit of the Buchenwald concentration camp , consisting of around 30 prisoners, had to do forced labor in Hardehausen.
After the end of the Second World War , the monastery was confiscated by the Americans in May 1945. Archbishop Jaeger was able to prevent destruction and looting by the army.
Use as a youth center and rural community college
The diocesan youth pastor Augustinus Reineke set up a center for youth work in the Archdiocese of Paderborn in 1945 . The first courses began in the summer of that year. At the same time, the Vincentians moved to Hardehausen. In 1949, the “Katholische Landvolkshochschule Anton Heinen”, named after the priest and adult educator Anton Heinen , was set up. A new church was built for both institutions in 1965/66. In the following years, the rest of the buildings were converted into conference and leisure facilities for both institutions.
In 1947 the Bund der Deutschen Katholischen Jugend , the umbrella organization for Catholic youth associations in Germany , was founded in the Hardehausen youth center . The Documentation Center for Church Youth Work / BDKJ has been located there since 1977, which has documents from the history of Catholic youth work in Germany since the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. Since 1991, children and young people have been learning ecological action and thinking on the “youth farm”. In 1992 the former mill, which was later converted into the Rector's house, was converted into a meeting place and youth café. A bookshop and a “one world shop” are also integrated.
In 1996 the youth center in the Bosnian village of Vidovice rebuilt houses and a kindergarten. From summer 2000 until 2008 there was an annual youth camp in Sarajevo . In 2003, 2010 and 2011 the guest houses, which are named after Abbots Stephan and Daniel and Saint Bernard of Clairvaux , were extensively renovated. In 2004/05 the main house was renovated. The Vincentian Sisters had a superior until 2005, after which there were two sisters. In 2008 the last Vincentian Sisters left the Hardehausen Monastery. Since 2009 there has been a small convent of Franciscan Sisters who also offer to live with us and offer spiritual support.
The church was rebuilt between 2015 and 2017 and consecrated on February 5, 2017.
Stocks
The state archive in Münster contains the documents from 1130 to 1796 and files from 1399 to 1802 as archive holdings of the monastery . Hardly anything remained of the library holdings after the secularization . Parts of the monastery library were sold to the Duke of Wolfenbüttel in 1718 and are now in the Herzog August Library .
List of Abbots
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The list of abbots is the state of the art of current research.
After the three abbots year, the monastery was secularized. Each abbot had his own coat of arms. On the right side is the Cistercian bar , the coat of arms of Bernhard von Clairvaux, and on the left side the individual coat of arms of the individual abbot, here shown a deer jumping to a fountain.
Re-establishment (1927–1938)
- Alfons Heun (1933–1938)
List of the rectors of the Catholic rural community college Anton Heinen
- Johannes Knauer (1949–1951)
- Prelate Clemens Brüggemann (1951–1962)
- Msgr. Wilhelm Kuhne (1962–1992)
- Msgr. Konrad Schmidt (1992-2011)
- Pastor Dirk Gresch (2011-2013)
- Msgr. Uwe Wischkony (October 1, 2013–)
List of the rectors of the Hardehausen youth center
- Augustinus Reineke († 2001) (1945–1948)
- Ludwig Jüngst († 1991) (1948–1949)
- Johannes Knauer († 1967) (1949–1967)
- Klaus Dröge (1967–1969)
- Felix Hoppe († 2013) (1970–1982)
- Wilhelm Pohlmann (1982–1986)
- Ullrich Auffenberg (1986–1992)
- Meinolf Wacker (1992-2008)
- Stephan Schröder (since 2008)
Superiors of the Vincentian convent in the Hardehausen youth center
- 1945–1949 Sr. Anastasia Sasse († 1963)
- 1950–1956 Sr. Heriberta Klein († 1996)
- 1956–1962 Sr. Adelgundis Glöckeler († 1978)
- 1962–1969 Sr. Sigwaldis Klöckener († 1995)
- 1969–1971 Sr. Patricia Peine
- 1971–1973 Sr. Engelberta Hubbert († 2009)
- 1973–1992 Sr. Eremberta Eckel († 2000)
- 1992-2005 Sr. Edilburgis Jäger († 2006)
literature
- Karl Schoene: Hardehausen Monastery in Westphalia. Its property and its economic and constitutional development up to the end of the 14th century. In: Studies and communications on the history of the Benedictine order and its branches. Volume 35 = NF 4, 1914, ISSN 0303-4224 , pp. 81-106, 216-244, (Separately: Pustet, Salzburg 1914), (Münster, Univ., Diss., 1914).
- Paul Günther: The Hardehausen Monastery Church. A contribution to the Cistercian order structure during the 12th century. Diss. TU Stuttgart, 1951.
- Wilhelm Kuhne : The founding of the Hardehausen monastery by Bishop Bernhard I. In: Paul-Werner Scheele (Hrsg.): Paderbornensis Ecclesia. Contributions to the history of the Archdiocese of Paderborn. Festschrift for Lorenz Cardinal Jaeger on the occasion of his 80th birthday on Sept. 23, 1972. Schöningh, Munich et al. 1972, ISBN 3-506-77624-X , pp. 111-133 (Separately as a 2nd improved edition. Ibid. 1978, ISBN 3- 506-73701-5 ( Hardehauser historical contributions 1)).
- Wilhelm Kuhne, Ruth Grammann: Hardehausen - Spirit and Form. Ed .: Landvolkshochschule "Anton Heinen", printing and publishing: Bonifatius-Druckerei, Paderborn 1986, ISBN 3-87088-308-1 .
- Thomas-Sergej Huck: The Cistercian monastery Hardehausen in East Westphalia from its foundation in 1140 to the 15th century. Studies on the nature and organization of monastic property and on the economic and legal history of the monastery with special consideration of aspects of settlement history. (= German university publications . 2463). Hänsel-Hohenhausen, Egelsbach et al. 1998, ISBN 3-8267-2463-1 , (also: Kassel, Univ., Diss., 1994).
- Thomas-Sergej Huck: Economic and property history development of the East Westphalian Cistercian monastery Hardehausen in the area of Hofgeismar up to the end of the 14th century. In: ZHG - Journal for Hessian History. Volume 99, 1994, ISSN 0342-3107 , pp. 27-52.
- Horst Conrad (ed.): The copy and land records of the Hardehausen monastery from the 12th to 14th centuries. (= United Westphalian Aristocratic Archives. 14). United Westphalian Aristocratic Archives , Münster 2001, DNB 1084018365 .
- Helmut Müller (arrangement): Documents from the Hardehausen Monastery . (= Westphalian documents. 9). Mentis, Paderborn 2002, ISBN 3-89785-294-2 .
Web links
- Landvolkshochschule Anton Heinen Hardehausen
- Hardehausen youth center
- Drawing of Hardehausen Castle / Monastery with history text (PDF file; 233 kB)
- Information on the Cistercian website
- Information on the inventory of documents A 276 I (Hardehausen Monastery - documents) of the Westphalia department of the North Rhine-Westphalia State Archives
- Finding aid for the files A 276 II (Hardehausen Monastery - files) of the Westphalia department of the North Rhine-Westphalia State Archives
- Finding aid for the files M 17 (Hardehausen Educational Institution) of the East Westphalia-Lippe department of the North Rhine-Westphalia State Archives
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cf. Vita Meinwerci , pp. 129–130 in the text edition by Franz Tenckhoff: The life of the bishop Meinwerk of Paderborn . Hanover, 1921. Digitized: pages 129 and 130
- ^ Wilhelm Kohl : The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Cologne . Volume 7: The Diocese of Münster. The diocese. Partial volume 1. (= Germania Sacra . NF, volume 37.1). de Gruyter, Berlin 1999, p. 111 (digitized version)
- ^ Westphalian document book. Volume 4, p. 859, No. 1862.
- ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Volume 5: Northwest Germany. Berlin 1912, p. 177. (digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de)
- ^ Dehio Handbook of German Art Monuments. Volume: North Rhine-Westphalia II - Westphalia. 2016, ISBN 978-3-422-03114-2 , pp. 1130ff.
- ↑ Erhard Ueckermann : The rabbit symbol on the cathedral in Paderborn, in the Hardehausen monastery, in the St. Paulus cathedral in Münster and the Haina monastery church. In: Journal for Hunting Science. Volume 41, 1995, pp. 285-291.
- ^ Germania Sacra, W. Kohl: Bistum Münster, 2, p. 306; Published by MPI Göttingen
- ^ Wilhelm Kuhne: Hardehausen. Plant where the waters flow. Paderborn 1989, ISBN 3-87088-607-2 , p. 213. The years refer to the year of establishment or acquisition.
- ^ August Rake: Royal Educational Institution Hardehausen. In: German Welfare Education Institutions in words and pictures. Volume 1, Halle adSaale, 1912, pp. 469–476.
- ↑ PAPA FRANCISCO RECEBEU O DELICIOSO “ECLAT DE NOZES” DE ITATINGA / SP. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 8, 2015 ; Retrieved September 10, 2013 .
- ↑ On the sub-camp at Napola in Bensberg and Hardehausen cf. Dieter Zühlke, Jan Erik Schulte : From the Rhineland to Westphalia: KZ satellite camp at the "National Political Educational Institution" in Bensberg and Hardehausen. In: Jan Erik Schulte (Ed.): Concentration camps in the Rhineland and in Westphalia 1933–1945. Central control and regional initiative. Schöningh, Paderborn 2005, ISBN 3-506-71743-X , pp. 113–130, on Hardehausen in particular pp. 122–128.
- ↑ Georg Pahlke: From "Home and Castle" to the "Place of Non-Everydayness". The Hardehausen youth center - founded in 1945. In: Konrad Schmidt (ed.): Hardehausen after 1803. Committed to heritage - open to the future. H & S-Verlag, Paderborn 2006, pp. 173-214.
- ^ History of the BDKJ
- ^ Karl-Theodor Schleicher (Ed.): From field post letters of young Christians 1939–1945 . Steiner, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-515-08759-1 ( bsz-bw.de [accessed on January 9, 2015]).
- ↑ K.-T. Schleicher: Field Post for Young Christians 1939–1945. 2006.
- ↑ Chronicle of church renovation | Hardehausen youth center. Retrieved September 10, 2017 .
- ↑ Princes of Paderborn, Secret Chancellery. Retrieved January 9, 2015 . In: archive.nrw.de
- ↑ Formal inventory structure. In: eab-paderborn.org. March 9, 2008, accessed January 9, 2015 .
- ^ Timeline ( Memento from March 1, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) In: haus-varlemann.de
- ^ Wilhelm Kuhne: Hardehausen. Plant where the waters flow. Paderborn 1989, p. 131ff.
- ^ Stallion: Westphalian monastery book. Volume 1, 1992, p. 389ff.
- ↑ Entry on Alfons Heun on medal online
- ↑ Regens Uwe Wischkony becomes the new director of the Hardehausen Country College - Archdiocese of Paderborn. (No longer available online.) In: erzbistum-paderborn.de. April 3, 2013, archived from the original on January 9, 2015 ; accessed on January 9, 2015 .