Wilhelm Kuehne

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Wilhelm Friedrich Kuehne
The teaching body Ruperto Carola zu Heidelberg in the year 500 of its existence (1886) a :  Philipp Friedrich Arnold , b :  Friedrich Wilhelm Hermann Delffs , c :  Carl Gegenbaur , d : Friedrich Wilhelm Kühne

Wilhelm Friedrich Kühne , also Willy Kühne, (born March 28, 1837 in Hamburg , † June 10, 1900 in Heidelberg ) was a German physiologist and enzyme researcher.

Life

Kühne, son of a wealthy businessman, graduated from the Johanneum Lüneburg in 1854 . In the same year he began studying at the University of Göttingen , where he studied chemistry with Friedrich Wöhler , physiology with Rudolf Wagner and anatomy with Jakob Henle . In 1856 he was awarded a doctorate by Wagner with a thesis on artificial diabetes in frogs. phil. PhD . He then conducted research on sugar metabolism with Karl Gotthelf Lehmann at the University of Jena . In 1858 Kühne first moved to Berlin , where he worked as an employee of Felix Hoppe-Seyler in the chemical department of the Institute of Pathology and studied musculature with Emil Du Bois-Reymond , and then to Paris to Claude Bernard . In 1860 he stayed in Vienna with Ernst Brücke and Carl Ludwig . From 1861 Wilhelm Kühne headed the chemical laboratory in the Pathological Institute of Rudolf Virchow in Berlin, where he dealt with cell physiology. From 1868 to 1871 he held the chair of physiology at the University of Amsterdam , in 1871 he went to the University of Heidelberg , where he succeeded Hermann von Helmholtz as head of the Physiological Institute until the end of his life.

Kühne was married to Helene Blum.

Act

A major focus of Kühne's interest was digestive physiology. He discovered the digestive enzyme trypsin , which he named. He observed the presence of an inactive precursor ( zymogen ) of the enzyme, characterized it with regard to its activity in an alkaline medium and described separation processes. The term " enzyme " was coined by him and replaced the term "ferment", which had been widespread up until then.

In his work on seeing from 1877 onwards, Kühne took up the work of the physiologist Franz Boll , who had described in 1876 that the visual pigment, later called rhodopsin , fades under the influence of light and regenerates its color in the dark. Kühne confirmed these observations, but referred to the pigment as “visual purple” because of the violet color he observed. He disagreed Boll also to the effect that the color loss and regeneration were only possible in a living organism and demonstrated this in an isolated retina ( retina ). He also brought the rhodopsin into solution and postulated a protein content . The photochemical reaction turned out to be dependent on the wavelength of the light and the light intensity . The so-called optograms , images of previously fixed objects on the retina of a dead living being , also emerged from his diverse investigations into seeing in animal experiments . Kühne took a distant approach to contemporary ideas about using these optograms for forensic purposes.

As a young researcher, Kühne had already turned to muscle physiology, which he had been researching all his life. Using frog muscles, he does research on muscle contraction and the spread of excitation in nerves . He postulated the existence of an end plate between muscle and nerve, which Julius Friedrich Cohnheim was able to confirm.

The physiologist Ida Henrietta Hyde received her doctorate from the University of Heidelberg in 1896 under Kühne and against his initial resistance. He later turned into a supporter of her career.

In 1892 he was elected a member of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala and a foreign member of the Royal Society , in 1896 a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , in 1898 a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .

Fonts (selection)

  • Physiological chemistry textbook . Engelmann, Leipzig 1858. ( Edition from 1866  - Internet Archive )
  • Myological examinations . Veit, Leipzig 1860. ( urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10368741-5 )
  • Via the peripheral end organs of the motor nerves . Engelmann, Leipzig 1862. ( archive.org )
  • Investigations into the protoplasm and contractility . Engelmann, Leipzig 1864. ( archive.org )
  • About the digestion of proteins through the pancreatic juice. In: Virchow's archive. Volume 38, 1867, pp. 130-172.

literature

  • Hans Neurath, Robert Zwilling: Willy Kühne and the beginnings of enzymology. In: Semper apertus. Six hundred years of Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg. 1386-1986. Volume 2, Springer, Heidelberg 1985, ISBN 3-540-15425-6 , pp. 361-370.
  • Douglas A. Lanska: Historical aspects of the major neurological vitamin deficiency disorders: overview and fat-soluble vitamin A. In: S. Finger, F. Boller, KL Tyler (Ed.): History of Neurology . Elsevier, 2010, ISBN 978-0-444-52009-8 , pp. 438f. (Too bold research on seeing.)
  • Heinz Walter:  Kühne, Wilhelm. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X , p. 202 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Dagmar Drüll: Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon 1803-1932 . (Ed.): Rectorate of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität-Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg Tokyo. 2012. 324 pp. ISBN 978-3-642-70761-2

Web links

Commons : Wilhelm Friedrich Kühne  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Hans Neurath, Robert Zwilling: Willy Kühne and the beginnings of enzymology. In: Semper apertus. Six hundred years of Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg. 1386-1986. Volume 2, Springer, Heidelberg 1985, ISBN 3-540-15425-6 , pp. 361-370.
  2. ↑ Willy Kühne: About artificial diabetes in frogs. Huth, 1856.
  3. ↑ The biographical summary in Semper apertus incorrectly names his teacher in Jena as Carl Gustav Lehmann.
  4. ^ Axel W. Bauer: Kühne, Friedrich Wilhelm. In: Encyclopedia of Medical History. 2005, p. 812.
  5. ^ Axel W. Bauer : Kühne, Friedrich Wilhelm. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 812.
  6. ^ Elmar Seebold, Friedrich Kluge: Etymological dictionary of the German language. 24th edition.
  7. ^ S. Costanzi, J. Siegel, IG Tikhonova, KA Jacobson: Rhodopsin and the others: a historical perspective on structural studies of G protein-coupled receptors. In: Current Pharmaceutical Design . Volume 15, Number 35, 2009, pp. 3994-4002, ISSN  1873-4286 . PMID 20028316 . PMC 2801150 (free full text). (Review).
  8. ↑ Douglas A. Lanska: Historical aspects of the major neurological vitamin deficiency disorders: overview and fat-soluble vitamin A. In: S. finger F. Boller, KL Tyler (ed.): History of Neurology . Elsevier, 2010, ISBN 978-0-444-52009-8 , pp. 438f.
  9. ↑ Louise S. Grinstein, Carol A. Biermann, Rose K. Rose (Eds.): Women in the Biological Sciences. A Biobibliographic Sourcebook . 1997, p. 247.
  10. ↑ Kühne, Willy . In: Theodor Westrin (Ed.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 15 : Kromat – Ledvätska . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1911, Sp. 445 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
  11. ^ Members of the previous academies. Wilhelm (Willy) Kühne. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , accessed on April 18, 2015 .
personal data
SURNAME Kühne, Wilhelm
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kühne, Wilhelm Friedrich (full name); Kühne, Willy
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physiologist
DATE OF BIRTH March 28, 1837
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH June 10, 1900
Place of death Heidelberg